scholarly journals From "Ethnocracity" to Urban Apartheid: A View from Jerusalem\al-Quds

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haim Yacobi
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
State Violence ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban Regime ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
The City

In the core of this article stands an argument that while ethnocracy was a relevant analytical framework for understanding the urban dynamics of Jerusalem\al-Quds up until two decades ago, this is no longer the case. As this article demonstrates, ver the past twenty years or so, the city’s geopolitical balance and its means of demographic control, as well as an intensifying militarization and a growing use of state violence, have transformed the city from an ethnocracity into an urban apartheid.  Theoretically, this article aims to go beyond the specific analogy with South African apartheid, the most notorious case of such a regime. Rather I would suggest that in our current market-driven, neo-liberal era, an apartheid city should be taken as a distinct urban regime based on urban trends such as privatization of space, gentrification, urban design, infrastructure development and touristic planning. I would propose that these practices substitute for explicit apartheid legislation (of a sort introduced in the South African case), bringing to the fore new participants in the apartheidization of the city, such as real estate developers and various interest groups.

Cinematic Works-Based Affective Urban Design Atmospheres

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-132
Author(s):  
Hisham Abusaada
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Architectural History ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Dramatic Text ◽  
The City

This chapter examines the dilemma of using the term “atmospheres” related to architectural history. It theorises the nature of this relationship, developing an analytical framework creating the architecture of the city as similar to artwork. In this chapter, the authors investigated through the aspects of cinematic works—ideas, themes, and dramatic text—and overarching effects of the technical elements. The question is: How can the urban designer use the artworks in the field of urban design? This chapter discusses the atmospheres in many artworks of Western and Egyptian thought to explore the effect of the architecture of cities in creating the atmospheres of the cities.

scholarly journals Post-Pandemic City: Historical Context for New Urban Design

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-108
Author(s):  
Veaceslav MIR
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
The City

Cities have been almost completely unprepared for the COVID-19 pandemic. Urban history has known many epidemics and pandemics, and there are clear historical parallels between the 13th and 19th century plague pandemics and cholera epidemics and the 21th century COVID-19 pandemic, from an administrative point of view. However, the cities’ public administration did not take into account the experience of the cities of the past to be prepared for the future problems. This requires developing flexible pandemic strategies and focusing on the decentralization of urban space through an even distribution of population in the urban environment. The COVID-19 pandemic will change the city, as previous pandemics and epidemics did. Urbanism v.3.0. will emerge, combining a green vector of development and digital technologies to ensure the autonomy and sustainability of buildings, districts and cities. At the same time, the role of culture will increase, which will become an effective tool for consolidating the soft power of the city in order to attract new people as the opposition of nowadays trend for living in the countryside.

scholarly journals Art and visual culture in Ivan Vladislavić’s Portrait with Keys

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Poyner
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
South African ◽  
Travel Writing ◽  
African History ◽  
Photographic Image ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mary Louise Pratt ◽  
Apartheid Regime ◽  
The City

This article argues that South African author Ivan Vladislavić’s fictionalized memoir, Portrait with Keys: The City of Johannesburg Unlocked (2006), through its portrayal of visual culture and an enabling process of what the narrator, Vlad, calls “seeing and then seeing again” (2006: 89), “rehabilitates” (Coombes, 2003: 23) Johannesburg’s potentially alienating post-apartheid urban environment depicted in Portrait as having been indelibly inscribed by the apartheid state. Through the idea of “seeing and then seeing again”, I argue, the author stages an act of cultural rehabilitation, one that constitutes both artistic and ideological revision. Extending Walter Benjamin’s notion that the photographic image uniquely constellates the past and the present — of which “seeing and then seeing again” is therefore a form — I show that through his depiction of visual culture, Vladislavić engages critically with South African history in the present, and, consequently, his own historical position as white and thus always already a beneficiary of the apartheid regime. From this, I go on to argue that the method of “seeing and then seeing again” inverts the genre of Euroimperial travel writing theorized by Mary Louise Pratt in Imperial Eyes to lay bare questions of scopic power, including Vlad’s own.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christen A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Black Body ◽  
State Violence ◽  
Black Experience ◽  
The Past ◽  
Racial Democracy ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
National Ideology ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The City

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's main arguments. Focusing on the city of Salvador, this book uses performance as a methodological frame for deconstructing gendered antiblack violence. Following the work of performance theorist D. Soyini Madison (2010), it employs performance analytics as a method of social analysis in order to travel back and forth between onstage and offstage. It makes five claims: (1) that the maintenance of racial democracy as a national ideology in Brazil (exemplified by the myth of Bahia's Afro-paradise) depends on the spectacular and mundane repetition of state violence against the black body; (2) that these repetitions of violence are entangled in time and space, implicating the past, the present, and the future; (3) that state violence against the black body is not only a performance but also palimpsestic—embodied, disciplining, and marked by erasure, reinscription, and repetition; (4) that the trauma of the black experience with state violence is a kind of gendered terror that not only harms the bodies of the immediate victims but also inflicts pain on the families and communities of the victims, defining the political stakes of these moments and, in part, blackness itself; and, finally, (5) that the close relationship between Afro-paradise and performance has also led the black community to turn to performance in order to demystify and undo its violence.

Inter-Disciplinarity in Urban Design: Erasing Boundaries between Architects and Planners in Urban Design Studios

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Sujata Shetty ◽  
Andreas Luescher
Keyword(s):  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Interdisciplinary Teams ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
The Past ◽  
Downtown Development ◽  
The City

Urban design has historically occupied the gap between architecture and planning. Although there have long been calls for the discipline to bridge this gap, urban design has continued to lean more heavily on design than planning. The efforts to revitalize downtown Toledo, a mid-western U.S. town experiencing steep economic decline, present a classic example of the potentially unfortunate results of this approach. Over the past three decades, there have been many attempts to revitalize the city, especially its downtown, by constructing several large public buildings, all within a few blocks of each other, all designed with little attention to each other or to the surrounding public spaces, and with a remarkable lack of civic engagement. Responding to calls in the literature for inter-disciplinarity in urban design, and to the city's experience with urban design, the authors created a collaborative studio for architects and planners from two neighboring universities with two purposes: first, to establish a collaborative work environment where any design interventions would be firmly rooted in the planning context (i.e., to erase boundaries between architects and planners); second, to draw lessons from this experience for the practice and teaching of urban design. Despite the difficulties of collaborating, architects and planners benefited from exposure to each other, learning about each other's work, as well as learning to collaborate. The interdisciplinary teams developed richer proposals than the architect-only teams. Finally, critical engagement with the community is essential to shaping downtown development.

Revisiting the Word “Atmospheres” in the Urban Design Academic Field Based on the Artworks

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisham Abusaada
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Design Education ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Dramatic Text ◽  
The City

In this debate, we claim that few Egyptian scholars are considering issues of phenomenological critiques addressing adequately the atmosphere of cities and places, and that Egyptian urban design education does not address the possibility of teaching through commentary of this kind. This article examines the dilemma of using the term “atmospheres” in urban design education. It theorises the nature of this relationship, developing an analytical framework creating the architecture of the city as similar as the artworks through which to investigate them related through their aspects—ideas, themes, and dramatic text—and those overarching effects of the technical elements. The question is: how can one use the artworks in urban design teaching? This article discusses the atmospheres in many artworks of Western and Egyptian thought to explore the effect of the architecture of cities in creating the atmospheres of the cities. The conclusion aims to reach some of the lessons learned by analysing artworks that have achieved a different atmosphere in specific places.

scholarly journals Attempts on the ‘life’ of Johannesburg: Ivan Vladislavić’s Use of the City Portrait Genre

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 47-68
Author(s):  
Ewa Kębłowska-Ławniczak
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Double Negative ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Changing Practice ◽  
Interdisciplinary Project ◽  
Ivan Vladislavic ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

This article examines the changing practice of urban portraiture in reference to a selection of postmillennial texts written by Ivan Vladislavić. These generically diverse texts trace and reflect on transformations sweeping Johannesburg after the fall of Apartheid, to some extent a metonymic representation of South Africa. An immediate impulse to inquire whether and, if so, how the writer explores the boundaries of portraiture, derives from an explicit textual and visual thematisation of the practice in two of Vladislavić’s works, i.e. the collection of “verbal snapshots” entitled Portrait with Keys and his joint interdisciplinary project, TJ& Double Negative, involving the writer and David Goldblatt, a South African photographer. The article concentrates primarily on the uses and adaptations of the city portrait genre. Vladislavić’s foregrounding of the genre category invites us to consider a series of questions: How does Vladislavić proceed with the appropriation and transformation of the traditional practice of city portrait? Do the portrayals of Johannesburg merely address the past? To what extent does Vladislavić propose contemporary adaptations of the practice? What happens to such categories as realism, accuracy, and likeness? What knowledge does portraiture generate? Finally, the article reflects on whether Vladislavić responds to the need for a new epistemological project in rendering the urban.

scholarly journals Transitional Morphologies. Urban forms: Generation and Regeneration Processes. An Agenda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Trisciuoglio ◽  
Michela Barosio ◽  
Ana Ricchiardi ◽  
Zeynep Tulumen ◽  
Martina Crapolicchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Urban Regeneration ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
The City ◽  
Regeneration Processes

Grounded on urban morphology studies, the research tries to overcome the analysis of the permanents elements of the city seeking for a transitional paradigm in urban morphology, aiming at grasping the dynamics in urban evolution and providing operative tools for urban regeneration design in an adaptive approach. A combination of four actions of urban analysis is here suggested to highlight urban dynamics: a. Sorting the transitional steps of urban morphologies (within rapid market processes), b. Underlining rules and Processes characterizing urban coding in transition, c. Mapping urban assemblages in the adaptive city and d. Reading and representing urban permutation phenomenon. The results of this multifaced and multidimensional set of analytical tools allow to outline a new design thinking paradigm moving towards a parametric approach to urban design of cities in transition broadening the extent of urban regeneration process and supporting urban policies in the framework community based approach.

Urban infoscapes: new tools to inform city design and planning

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Ratti ◽  
Nick Baker
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Outdoor Temperature ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Computer Tools ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
The City ◽  
Generally True

During the past decades, many computer tools have been developed to assist in the environmental design of individual buildings. Heat, light, sound and especially energy consumption can be analyzed in many different packages. This is not generally true for urban design, especially at the medium scale. Although it is widely assumed that urban texture – the pattern of streets, building heights, open spaces and so on – will determine environmental quality both in the buildings and outside, tools for investigating the connections are sparse. The need for medium-scale understanding is confirmed by Givoni (1989):‘The outdoor temperature, wind speed and solar radiation to which an individual building is exposed is not the regional “synoptic” climate, but the local microclimate as modified by the “structure” of the city, mainly of the neighbourhood where the building is located.’This paper describes how novel image-processing algorithms could be applied in urban areas to calculate a wide number of parameters. These parameters allow the construction of what we could call ‘urban infoscapes’: a layered collection of information on cities, that can be successfully used to inform urban design and planning.

scholarly journals Placemaking as multi-faceted tool in urban design and planning. A strategic approach in case of Hubballi city, Karnataka, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita C. Jakkappanavar
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Over Exploitation ◽  
The City

Cities are the main engines of economy attracting influx of population from rural to urban areas. They are the major contributors of global GDP and hold high potential for development opportuniites but yet they face many inequalities. These negative effects suppress positive ones if not managed properly. In context to Hubballi (a developing city of North Karnataka), in the past the cultural matrix shared a symbiotic relationship with the green & blue networks that traversed the city in a manner that could be characterized as the urban commons. However, over a few decades, industrialization & changing economic drivers have led to over exploitation of natural resources. Specifically, in the case of Unkal Nullah, a canal which originates from Unkal Lake in the northern end of Hubballi city. The mismanagement of urban development led to self-build practices, poor drainage system and encroachment of low-income houses along the water edges. Lack of maintenance led to waste dumping practices into the canal which was a source of sustenance in the past, to become the backyard or sewer of the city in the present day. This inturn led ecological imbalances which were compromised and neglected to the background. To ameliorate the situation there have been multiple efforts in terms of policies and missions, the most recent one being the ‘smart cities mission’ which also stresses the sustainable development of Indian cities. This paper is an attempt to fulfill the motive of “smart cities makes better cities with healthier people” by assessing Place making as a major tool to configure waterfront dynamics to create public realm, to make people centric approach which contribute to people’s health, happiness and wellbeing. It is necessary to rethink on the matrix of land & water through urban design & planning efforts in making cities more connected with its water-land-people.

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