scholarly journals DIFFERENTIATION OF TREES IN ROADSIDE PROTECTIVE FOREST STRIPS OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

Author(s):  
З.Я. НАГИМОВ ◽  
И.А. ЗДОРНОВ

Объектом исследований явились искусственно созданные придорожные защитные лесные полосы раз- личных конструкций, разного возраста и породного состава. Экспериментальным материалом послужили данные перечислительной таксации на 24 пробных площадях. В ходе проведенных исследований установлено, что придорожные защитные лесные полосы разных пород заметно отличаются по степени дифференциации деревьев по диаметру и высоте. В порядке умень- шения коэффициента вариации размеров стволов их можно расположить в следующий ряд: вязовые, клё- новые, берёзовые, сосновые и тополевые. Дифференциация деревьев как по диаметру, так и по высоте за- висит от степени теневыносливости древесных пород. Она в полосах малотеневыносливых пород заметно ниже, чем в полосах умеренно теневыносливых. В защитных лесных полосах, как и в естественных насаждениях, с увеличением возраста древосто- ев изменчивость диаметров и высот деревьев закономерно уменьшается. Дифференциация деревьев по размерам стволов в искусственно созданных придорожных лесных полосах выражена в меньшей сте- пени, чем в естественных насаждениях. Это объясняется использованием при создании полос одновоз- растного, достаточно однородного в генетическом отношении посадочного материала, а также меньшей конкуренцией между деревьями в них вследствие их более равномерного и редкого размещения. По- ниженная дифференциация деревьев в защитных полосах свидетельствует об их меньшей устойчиво- сти и стабильности по сравнению с таковой в массивах естественных насаждений. В целом результаты данных исследований дают основание считать защитные полосы вдоль дорог специфическим объектом таксации. Они могут быть использованы при проведении оценочных и лесохозяйственных работ в при- дорожных защитных полосах и оценке их устойчивости и стабильности. The object of research was artifi cially created roadside protective forest strips of various designs, different ages and breed composition. The data of enumerative taxation on 24 test areas were used as experimental material. In the course of the research, it was found that roadside protective forest strips of different breeds differ markedly in the degree of differentiation of trees in diameter and height. In order to reduce the coeffi cient of variation in the size of trunks, they can be arranged in the following row: elm, maple, birch, pine and poplar. The differentiation of trees, both in diameter and in height, depends on the degree of shade tolerance of tree species. It is noticeably lower in the bands of low-shade-tolerant rocks than in the bands of moderate-shade- tolerant ones.In protective forest belts, as well as in natural plantings, the variability of tree diameters and heights naturally decreases with increasing age of stands. Differentiation of trees by trunk size in artifi cially created roadside forest strips is less pronounced than in natural plantings. This is due to the use of the same-age, fairly uniform in genetic terms planting material when creating strips, as well as less competition between trees in them due to their more uniform and sparse placement. The reduced differentiation of trees in protective forest strips indicates their lower stability and stability in comparison with arrays of natural plantings. In General, the results of these studies give reason to consider protective lanes along roads as a specifi c object of taxation . They can be used in carrying out assessment and forestry work in roadside protective strips and assessing their stability and stability.

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Nataliya Rybalkina ◽  
Aleksandr Popov

The article analyzes the nine-year experience of the effectiveness of the use of the herbicide Roundup (based on glyphosate) in the growing edges in protective forest belts and on skid roads. Options for chemical growth control of various species in comparison with mechanical ones have been studied for the first time in the conditions of Stone Steppe, which is considered to be the best created system of protective afforestation in Russia. The characteristics of the herbicide, the principle of action and the method of its application are given. It was found that shoots do not appear in all subsequent years, and the process of stump destruction begins at 3 years after treatment of stumps of freshly cut trees with this preparation. In comparison with other chemical methods, it has minimal labor and money costs for its application. Thus, the efficiency of the method for treating fresh stumps with herbicide is the highest one. After processing, undergrowth is partially formed, depressed and dies off the next year. It has been found that this method reduces labor costs by 17 times, and the labor cost - by 6.7 times in comparison with mechanical treatment.


2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 1044-1051
Author(s):  
Aleksandr S. Rulev ◽  
Anna M. Pugacheva

From acceptance of the 1948 Plan of Field-Protective Afforestation to the present (2019), this article considers the new agroforestry paradigms protracted formation. Scientific achievements from the 1940s, introduced into practice, served as the basis for decisions on natures global transformation. Pilot facilities from the beginning of the 20th century (the Bogdinsky agroforestry stronghold, the Stone-steppe oasis) still serve as reference objects for agroforest reclamation of territories, with a scientific approach that allows them to function productively today. The plans main idea is to combat drought and desertification of steppe lands, erosion processes, and to prevent sand and dust storms. Creation of 5709 thousand hectares of protective forests, afforestation of 1106 thousand hectares of ravines, fixing and afforestation of sand on an area of 322 thousand hectares, and implementation of many planned activities during a short period locate this plan among other ambitious international projects. The authors draw attention to the time of creation and the volume of plantings of paramount importance, that is, state protective forest belts and protective forest plantations. Understanding the importance of agroforestry for modern agricultural landscapes led to formation of sustainable and durable agroforestry systems in subarid landscapes based on a combination of agricultural and landscape-ecological ideologies. Allegedly, considering terrain ecotopes, three-dimensional evaluation of the agrolandscape and a non-linear approach make it possible to create multifunctional, highly productive agroforestry systems in critical agriculture zones.


Author(s):  
O.N. Baryshnikova ◽  
A.P. Olfert ◽  
A.G. Repko ◽  
Yu.I. Fatueva

On the example of the territory of the Altai Krai, the article traces the consequences of destruction of the natural landscapes structure, the creation of artificial elements of their ecological framework of agricultural landscapes, which currently needs restoration and optimization. The thesis is substantiated that the ecological frame of the Altai Krai territory should be as close as possible to the structure of its natural landscapes, which will ensure the productivity of farmland. The most important elements of the ecological framework of forest-steppe and especially steppe landscapes are forest belts, for the creation of which it is necessary to use elements of a water-erosion network, tree species that form a zonal type of vegetation. Creating a system of protective forest plantations in combination with ponds and terrace embankments can increase crop yields up to 25-50 centners per hectare. Landscape planning can serve as a tool for creating an ecological framework for a territory.


Author(s):  
A.I. Petelko ◽  

Reclamation of land on community land funds and the hydrographic network contributes to the most effective means of protecting the soil from water erosion. However, the condition, growth, and productivity of the protective forest stands themselves depend on the species composition. Many years of studies have clearly shown that not all tree species and shrubs can successfully grow on washed soils. Extensive scientific material provides a description of the growth and current status of the studied species, a detailed taxation description of the forest plantations. Of particular value are those species that can grow on eroded lands and protect the soil from erosion.


2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Yaohua Tian ◽  
Huifang Yuan ◽  
Jiang Xie ◽  
Yulong Zheng

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Aoyagi ◽  
Kanehiro Kitayama

Abstract:In this study, we tested the hypothesis that functional traits associated with nutrient impoverishment contribute to enhancing shade-tolerance (survival at low light) for the juveniles of canopy tree species in Bornean rain forests. To test the hypothesis, survival and functional traits (biomass allocation, leaf dynamics and foliar nutrient concentration) were investigated as a function of light conditions for saplings of 13 species in three forests with different levels of nutrient availability. As predicted by the hypothesis, the species in the severely nutrient-poor site (a tropical heath forest on nutrient-poor soils) showed greater shade-tolerance (>91% survival for 8 mo at 5% global site factor) than in the other two sites (mixed dipterocarp forests) (54–87% survival). Across the species, greater shade-tolerance was associated with a higher biomass allocation to roots, a slower leaf production and a higher foliar C concentration, which are considered as C-conservation traits under nutrient impoverishment. These results suggest that the juveniles of the canopy species occurring on nutrient-poor soils can enhance shade-tolerance by the same mechanisms as the adaptation to nutrient impoverishments. Tree species in nutrient-poor environments may be selected for surviving also in shaded conditions.


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