scholarly journals Selection of the assortment of trees for protective forest plantations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Petelko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Hydrographic Network

Reclamation of land on community land funds and the hydrographic network contributes to the most effective means of protecting the soil from water erosion. However, the condition, growth, and productivity of the protective forest stands themselves depend on the species composition. Many years of studies have clearly shown that not all tree species and shrubs can successfully grow on washed soils. Extensive scientific material provides a description of the growth and current status of the studied species, a detailed taxation description of the forest plantations. Of particular value are those species that can grow on eroded lands and protect the soil from erosion.

scholarly journals Noise-absorbing properties of road-wood forest strips of different structures in the conditions of Western Polissia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Maksimtsev ◽  
S. M. Dudarets
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
National Importance ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Protective Forest

In the modern conditions of society development the role of protective plantings is great importance. In particular, types of such plantations in the study are protective strips along the roads. At first glance, it is difficult to trace the processes that take place in these lanes. However, by selecting the appropriate adapted research methodology, it is possible to trace these seemingly hidden functions. The significance and relevance the use of roadside forest strips in the context of their noise-absorbing functions are presented. Attention is paid to the analysis of noise load for the operation of large vehicles on highways of international and national importance in the conditions of Western Polissya. An analysis of recent scientific publications with an emphasis on protective plantings as an effective means of preventing negative acoustic loads. The main purpose of the research was to determine the noise-absorbing properties of roadside forest belts depending on their design features and species composition. It is noted that the solution of program tasks of work is carried out with the use of special techniques of researches of noise-absorbing effect by protective forest plantations on transport ways. The comparative characteristic of noise-absorbing effect roadside forest strips and noise-protective screens are executed. On the basis of the conducted researches the mathematical models describing a decrease in noise level depending on a design of roadside forest strips are developed. The generalization of the experimental results showed that the roadside strips of dense and openwork structures are marked by the highest quality noise-absorbing effect. Noise protection screens in the study area help to reduce the noise level to 60 dB and less, it than ensure compliance with the necessary sanitary standards for settlements.

Regional specificity creation of protective afforestations along highways

2018 ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
С.Н. КРУЖИЛИН ◽  
Т.Ю. БАРАНОВА ◽  
М.П. МИШЕНИНА ◽  
М.А. ЗАЙЦЕВА
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Surface Protection ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Protective Forest

В России большинство автомобильных и железных дорог защищены лесными полосами. В настоящее время в засушливых условиях Ростовской области не уделяется должного внимания научным разработкам по вопросам создания, содержания и реконструкции защитных лесонасаждений  вдоль автомобильных дорог. Целью работы является анализ состояния придорожных защитных лесонасаждений и совершенствование технологических аспектов их создания на примере участка автомагистрали г. Новочеркасск – пос. Каменоломни Ростовской области. Мониторинг придорожных защитных лесонасаждений выявил, что в степных условиях со сложным орографическим рельефом, наряду с защитой от снежных завалов одной из важных функций является эстетическое оформление местности. Протяженность защитных лесных насаждений, как объекта исследований и озеленения – 17 800 м. Маршрут относится к одной из главных магистралей на г. Шахты и федеральную трассу М4 Ростовской области. Определение потребности в создании придорожных лесных полос выявлялось с использованием GPS-навигатора  (GPSmap 62s). Проведен анализ состояния придорожных защитных лесонасаждений на рассматриваемом отрезке автомагистрали и установлен их видовой состав. В соответствии с почвенно-климатическим условиям обоснован ассортимент растений с предпочтением устойчивости к снеголому, декоративности, успешности защиты автодороги от заноса снегом и пылью. Определены объемы посадочного материала с участием Quercus  robur, Acer  platanoides, обоснована система подготовки почвы, видовой состав, схема размещения. На всей протяженности исследуемого участка (17,8 км) требуется создать защитные лесонасаждения (4 лесные полосы протяжённостью 998,0 м, шириной – 12,0 м, площадь 1,2 га). С научным обеспечением и учетом региональных особенностей создания защитных лесонасаждений вдоль автомобильных дорог (конструкция насаждений, ассортимент, методы выращивания, лесоводственные уходы и др.) они способны выполнять свои функции в полном объеме к возрасту 25 лет. In Russia, most roads and railways are protected by forest belts. Even a single row of trees provides good results in road surface protection from snow. At present, in the dry conditions of the Rostov region is not given due attention to scientific developments on the creation, maintenance and reconstruction of protective forests motor roads. The goal of this work (publication) is to analyze the state of roadside protective forest plantations and improve their creation on the example part of the highway of Novocherkassk - Kamenolomni of Rostov region. Monitoring of roadside defensive forests showed that in a steppe environment with complex orographic relief, along with protection from snow clogging, one of the important functions is the aesthetic design of the terrain. The length of protective forest plantations as a research and planting site is 17 800 m. The route is one of the main thoroughfares to the city of Shakhty and the federal highway M4 of the Rostov region. Determination of the need for creating roadside forest belts was detected using GPS-navigator (GPSmap 62s). The condition of roadside protective forest stands on the considered segment of the motorway and their species composition is established. In accordance, with soil and climatic conditions, an assortment of plants with a preference for resistance to snow, decorativeness, and the success of road protection against snow and dust drift are justified. The volumes of planting material with the participation of Quercus   robur, Acer  platanoides, are determined, the soil preparation system, the species composition  and layout. Over the entire length of the investigated area (17,8 km), it is required to create protective forest stands (4 forest belts with a length of 998 m, a width of 12,0 m, an area of 1,2 hectares). With scientific support and consideration of regional peculiarities, creation of protective afforestations along highways (design of plantations, assortment, methods of cultivation, silvicultural care, etc.), they are able to perform their functions in full by the age of 25 years.

scholarly journals Structure and development of forest stands on permanent research plots in the Krkonoše Mts.

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 518-530
Author(s):  
S. Vacek ◽  
Z. Vacek ◽  
L. Bílek ◽  
I. Nosková ◽  
O. Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Vertical Structure ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Vegetation Zone ◽  
Aggregation Index ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Results Management ◽  
Management Recommendations

The research is focused on structure and development of forest stands from 5th to 8th forest vegetation zone in the Krkonoše Mts. The forest stand diversity according to tree species composition and representation, horizontal and vertical structure was evaluated by using following indices: Clark-Evans aggregation index (Clark, Evans 1954), standardised Arten-profil index (Pretsch 2005) and index of complex diversity after Jaehne, Dohrenbusch (1997). Growth model SIBYLA (Fabrika, Ďurský 2005) was used for visualizations and growth predictions of forest stands on particular plots. Based on research results, management recommendations were evaluated.

Testing the enemies hypothesis in forest stands: the important role of tree species composition

Oecologia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne Riihimäki ◽  
Pekka Kaitaniemi ◽  
Julia Koricheva ◽  
Harri Vehviläinen
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Enemies Hypothesis

scholarly journals Age periods of the development of protective forest plantations in the restoration of eroded ravine and ravine lands

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-21
Author(s):  
V. M. Maliuha ◽  
V. V. Minder
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
National Level ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Selection Of

At present, high-level attention is paid to the issues of the role, significance, optimal use of soils, their protection and combating degradation. By introducing the Sustainable Development Goals at the national level, Ukraine is obliged to introduce new programs and projects that, in practice, will have macroeconomic stability, ecological balance and social cohesion. During scientific research on the multifunctional role of protective forest plantations, which at one time were created on eroded territories, which include gully-ravine lands, to revive the properties of soils, work was carried out to substantiate their regenerative function. To achieve this goal, 90 soil-forest typological stations were established in erosion control plantations of various periods of plant growth and development with the selection of 270 soil samples. A study of their water-physical and agrochemical properties was carried out with the processing of the data obtained by statistical methods. Based on the analysis of scientific literary sources, the study of successful production experience and our own research on anti-erosion plantations to determine their impact on soil properties and the environment, qualitative stages of the ecological restoration of eroded soils have been developed. Changes in the age periods of growth and development of woody plants in protective forest plantations created on gully-ravine lands lead to a gradual step-by-step ecological restoration of eroded soils. Thus, a clear correlation of the age periods of growth and development of woody plants with the qualitative stages of ecological restoration of eroded soils was obtained. The selection of research objects provided for taking into account the same technology for creating anti-erosion plantings, growth and development in the same conditions, corresponding to five age periods of growth and development of woody plants. In each age period, qualitative changes occur during the growth and development of the vegetation cover, as well as quantitative changes in indicators characterizing the properties of the soil, which are presented in comparison with the control, which is the pasture. The main functions of these plantings are presented. Attention is paid to all age periods of growth and development of anti-erosion plantings in terms of forest measures for the successful cultivation of anti-erosion plantings and their effective action. The stages of ecological restoration of eroded territories are clearly consistent with the identified age periods. The prospects for understanding the process of restoring protective vegetation cover, including forest plantations, and their direct impact on the properties of eroded soils are opening up. Keywords: erosion processes, eroded soils, anti-erosion role, periods of development, qualitative stages, soil properties, hydraulic roughness.

scholarly journals SPECIFIC FEATURES OF FORMATION OF VINNYTSIA FOREST PARK PLANTATIONS RESISTANT TO RECREATIONAL LOADS

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Mikhailo Matusiak
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Open Area ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Forest Parks

The research conducted was to assess the characteristics of intraspecific and interspecific interaction of the dominant tree species in the forest-park plantations of Vinnytsia green zone, as well as to determine the priority taxation indicators of formation of forest stands with high competitive ability.As a result of the research it was found that the main indicators that directly affect the competitive properties of forest elements are the sanitary condition of forest plantations; the composition of the stand and its storey structure; the undergrowth and underwood availability; biological and ecological features of individual tree species; stand completeness; age of planting; type of forest vegetation conditions; specific features of microclimate and microrelief. The analysis of the sanitary condition of the trial areas shows that the degree of competitive ability of forest plantations with a high number of dead or damaged trees is much lower than that in plantations with better sanitary conditions. The dependence of the competitive ability and the stand growth intensity on its completeness and the type of forest-park landscape was also studied. Thus, closed types of stands are characterized by a high degree of competitiveness. In semi-open types of forest-park landscapes the rate of growth intensity is the highest. The competitive ability of trees in this type of landscape is quite low. After analyzing the temperature regime of different forest parks, it was found that in hot weather the ambient temperature in the forest park is much lower than the air temperature in the open area. Thus, in hot uncomfortable weather, the optimal type of forest for recreation is a closed type of landscape of vertical closure. The air temperature here can be significantly lower (up to 15˚C) compared to the open space, what creates suitable conditions for a comfortable rest. Analysis of the humidity of forest parks showed that under the cover of forest stands humidity is higher than in the open area, thus recommendations for choosing the type of forest landscape for recreation purposes depend on the initial humidity. Key words: recreation, forest parks, intraspecific interaction, forest park landscape, winter hardiness, temperature regime, light intensity, air humidity.

scholarly journals Ecological and economic basis of anti-erosion stability of forest-agrarian landscapes

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-452
Author(s):  
І. V. Koshkalda ◽  
V. V. Tyshkovets ◽  
A. A. Suska
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Ecological Economic ◽  
Erosion Stability ◽  
Protective Forest

The ecological and economic foundations of rational nature management in restoring various kinds of protective forest stands under conditions of severe damage and destruction of wood-shrubby species in the natural-climatic and economic zones of the country were developed. It was determined that using traditional methods of restoration of protective forest plantations in many cases is no longer acceptable due to different levels of damage and substantial changes to economic entities on Earth. However, the main methodological approaches remain. A new methodological approach to restoring forests on the basis of constant adaptation of the existing methodologies for the design and calculation of economic efficiency of new plantings and new ecological-economic conditions and peculiarities has been developed. Certainly ,numerousincorrectly planned forest stands have been created that do not sufficiently fulfill their ecological and economic functions and do not even have a general system of protection of the soil from negative factors. For effective regeneration of plants we have developed a formula for calculating the erosion stability of forest-agrarian landscapes for their optimal recovery through forest shelterbelts. We have developed new features of design and calculation of ecological and economic efficiency of newly created forest ameliorative spaces with new natural-economic conditions for their sustainable regeneration under modern conditions. The transition to environmentally sustainable agriculture of European standards requires fundamentally new solutions to the problem of using forest stands as an organizational component of ameliorative complexes in the context of soil erosion control measures. Soil erosion is one of the main factors of anthropogenic impact on land resources. Intensification of erosion processes leads to substantial degradation of soils, causing great losses to agriculture and generally endangers the safe development of mankind. As long as the process of degradation of the soil continues , the agroecological condition deteriorates and the increased application of mineral and organic fertilizers fails to improve the crop volume , insofar as the crop yield is formed mainly due to the natural soil fertility. In the process of research, we discovered that the expansion of the front intake surface runoff in forestry plantings allows one to increase their effective water-regulative functions. Such an event has a certain practical value, because a large proportion of forest shelterbelts even in satisfactory condition only perform their functionsat 20-30%. Taking into account the indicators of ameliorative-hydrological stress and counter-erosion stability of landscapes in locations of planted forest stands proved to be the most effective method of strengthening the initial contact with runoff ("active") plots .This provides is a unique chance to optimize the ecological economic system of protective forest plantations , especially in newly formed agricultural enterprises under new economic conditions.

Regulation of increase of biodiversity of woody plants in protective forest plantings of the Volga region

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
А.В. СЕМЕНЮТИНА ◽  
И.П. СВИНЦОВ ◽  
А.Ш. ХУЖАХМЕТОВА ◽  
В.А. СЕМЕНЮТИНА
Keyword(s):  
Gene Pool ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Selection Of

Защитное лесоразведение в засушливых условиях Поволжья связано с использованием интродуцированных древесных растений. Несмотря на большой опыт защитного лесоразведения, состояние всех видов насаждений в регионе нельзя считать удовлетворительным. Причины: ошибки в подборе деревьев и кустарников, в оценке генофонда, в разработке ассортимента. Отсутствие научно обоснованного регламента повышения биоразнообразия древесных растений в защитных лесных насаждениях Поволжья приводит к инвазиям. На примере коллекционных дендрологических участков (Волгоградская, Самарская области) приведены материалы по выявлению потенциальных рисков последствий интродукции для повышения биоразнообразия защитных лесных насаждений. Цель – научное обоснование регламента подбора интродуцированных деревьев и кустарников для повышения биоразнообразия защитных лесных насаждений в засушливых условиях. Разработанный регламент обогащения дендрофлоры включает алгоритм количественного и качественного улучшения ассортимента и выбор лучшего варианта из возможных с использованием кластерного подхода, системы методов и критериев. Для выполнения поставленных задач научно-исследовательские работы были сконцентрированы на биоресурсах деревьев и кустарников объектов Федерального научного центра агроэкологии, комплексных мелиораций и защитного лесоразведения Российской академии наук (ранее ВНИАЛМИ) и его филиалов. Генофонд деревьев и кустарников представлен 700 таксонами. В статье обосновано использование в защитных лесных насаждениях Поволжья интродуцентов многоцелевого назначения (родовые комплексы семейств Rosaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Oleaceae, Fabaceae). Представлен реестр родов экономически важных семейств коллекционного фонда. Они обладают адаптивностью, включают экономически важные группы. Расширение биоразнообразия древесной растительности защитных лесных насаждений посредством введения кустарников различных форм роста (высоких, средних, низких) способствуют улучшению экологических условий и сохранению биологического разнообразия ландшафтов. Представлены материалы мониторинга дендрологических коллекций и экспериментальных популяций, образующих самосев. Установлено, что при конструировании защитных лесных насаждений различного целевого назначения необходимо использовать разнообразие перспективных и экономически важных деревьев и кустарников (лесомелиоративных, декоративных, плодово-ягодных, медоносных, лекарственных). Для лесомелиоративного обустройства деградированных экосистем рекомендовано 168 видов деревьев и кустарников. Для создания насаждений на малопродуктивных землях внедряется 90 видов интродуцированных кустарников многоцелевого назначения. Прогноз перспективности генофонда древесных растений для защитного лесоразведения базируется на многолетнем агроэкологическом мониторинге родовых комплексов дендрологических коллекций Федерального научного центра агроэкологии, комплексных мелиораций и защитного лесоразведения Российской академии наук и включает создание фонда посадочного материала древесных видов с учетом экологичности, хозяйственной пригодности и инновационной привлекательности. Protective afforestation in the arid conditions of the Volga region is associated with the use of introduced woody plants. Despite the great experience of protective afforestation, the condition of all types of plantings in the region cannot be considered satisfactory. Reasons: errors in the selection of trees and shrubs, in the evaluation of the gene pool, in the development of the assortment. The lack of scientifically sound regulations for increasing the biodiversity of woody plants in the protective forest plantations of the Volga region leads to invasions. On the example of collections dendrology plots (Volgograd and Samara regions), materials are provided to identify potential risks of the consequences of introductions to enhance the biodiversity of protective forest plantings. The goal is the scientific substantiation of the regulations for the selection of introduced trees and shrubs to enhance the biodiversity of protective forest plantations in arid conditions. The developed procedure for enriching dendroflora includes an algorithm for quantitative and qualitative improvement of the assortment and the choice of the best option possible with the use of a cluster approach, a system of methods and criteria. To carry out the tasks set, the research work was concentrated on the bioresources of trees and shrubs of the facilities of the Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of Russian Academy of Sciences (formerly VNIALMI) and its branches. The genefond of trees and shrubs is represented by 700 taxa. The article substantiates the use of multi-purpose plants in protective forest plantations (Rosaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Oleaceae, Fabaceae) of the Volga region. The register of genera of economically important families of the collections fund is presented. They have adaptability, they include economically important groups. Expanding the biodiversity of tree vegetation of protective forest plantations through the introduction of shrubs of various forms of growth (high, medium, low) contribute to improving environmental conditions and preserving the biodiversity of landscapes. Materials of monitoring dendrological collections and experimental populations that form sowing of young plants are present. It is established that when designing protective forest plantings for various special purposes, it is necessary to use a variety of perspective and economically important trees and shrubs (forest meliorative, ornamental, fruit and berry, honey, medicinal). For forest reclamation of degraded ecosystems, 168 species of trees and shrubs are recommended. For the creation of plantings on unproductive land, 90 species of introduced shrubs of multi-purpose use are being introduced. The forecast of the perspective of the gene pool of woody plants for protective afforestation is based on long-term agroecological monitoring of the generic complexes of dendrological collections of the Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of Russian Academy of Sciences, and includes the creation of a stock of planting material for tree species, taking into account environmental friendliness, economic suitability and innovative attractiveness.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF ROUNDUP (GLYPHOSATE) IN THE FIGHT AGAINST UNWANTED SPRING OF TREE SPECIES IN PROTECTIVE FOREST PLANTATIONS OF THE CENTRAL BLACK EARTH REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Nataliya Rybalkina ◽  
Aleksandr Popov
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
First Time

The article analyzes the nine-year experience of the effectiveness of the use of the herbicide Roundup (based on glyphosate) in the growing edges in protective forest belts and on skid roads. Options for chemical growth control of various species in comparison with mechanical ones have been studied for the first time in the conditions of Stone Steppe, which is considered to be the best created system of protective afforestation in Russia. The characteristics of the herbicide, the principle of action and the method of its application are given. It was found that shoots do not appear in all subsequent years, and the process of stump destruction begins at 3 years after treatment of stumps of freshly cut trees with this preparation. In comparison with other chemical methods, it has minimal labor and money costs for its application. Thus, the efficiency of the method for treating fresh stumps with herbicide is the highest one. After processing, undergrowth is partially formed, depressed and dies off the next year. It has been found that this method reduces labor costs by 17 times, and the labor cost - by 6.7 times in comparison with mechanical treatment.

Optimization of disturbed landscapes of Kabardino-Balkaria Republic

10.12737/3073 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Панков ◽  
Yakov Pankov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Illegal Logging ◽  
Natural Way

Based on the studies, the character of natural afforestation of key fields in KBR is determined depending on various environmental factors, species composition is studied and a range of tree species is proposed, the basic directions of biological recultivation of disturbed lands of the region are developed. Under the natural way to recovery of disturbed lands, it should be helped in the form of constant monitoring of the condition of forest plantations, not assumptions of illegal logging and conduct their reconstruction.

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