scholarly journals Posterior segment manifestations and imaging features of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Srinivasan Sanjay ◽  
Sameeksha Agrawal ◽  
Chaitra Jayadev ◽  
Ankush Kawali ◽  
Poornachandra B Gowda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Posterior Segment ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Cotton Wool Spots ◽  
Microvascular Changes ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Eye Symptoms ◽  
Retinal Artery

Background: To report the posterior segment (uvea and retinal) manifestations and imaging characteristics of eyes of patients with and after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: We searched the PubMed/MEDLINE database to identify relevant articles using the following search terms: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, retina, uvea, optic nerve, retinal findings, posterior segment manifestations, and endophthalmitis. Articles published from December 1, 2019, to May 30, 2021, and indexed in PubMed/MEDLINE were screened.Results: For the purpose of this review, we included clinical features of 26 case reports and 8 case series. The posterior segment manifestations reported included cotton wool spots, retinal hemorrhages, central serous retinopathy, papillophlebitis, optic neuritis, panuveitis, multifocal retinitis, necrotizing retinitis, central retinal artery/vein occlusion, and Purtschner like retinopathy. In this review, we have also included optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) features that have been described in COVID-19 patients with pneumonia.Conclusions: COVID-19 patients can experience uveo-retinal manifestations even after recovery. These patients, even if asymptomatic for eye symptoms, should undergo an eye evaluation to rule out posterior segment involvement. OCTA performed in these patients revealed microvascular changes in the superficial and deep retinal plexuses. Some of these patients may require anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy.

scholarly journals Computed Tomography Imaging Features of Malignant “Triton” Tumor for Its Clinical Diagnosis: Report of Two Cases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Li ◽  
Chun Zeng ◽  
Ning Jiang ◽  
David P. Molloy ◽  
Qiling Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Preoperative Diagnosis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Image Features ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Imaging Characteristics

Abstract Background: malignant triton tumors (MTTs) are an extremely rare subtype of malignant periphery nerve sheave tumors (MPNSTs). Clinical diagnosis of MTTs is difficult before surgery due to its low incidence and the lack of knowledge. Therefore, to describe and summarize the computed tomography (CT) imaging characteristics of malignant triton tumors (MTTs) is of great assistance for early and preoperative diagnosis.Case presentation: Two case reports were closely observed in our hospital, with the presumptive diagnosis of MTT by CT scan examination before surgery. The diagnosis of MTT was eventually confirmed by immunochemical (IHC) assay, which verified speculation of CT scans. Huge, irregular, well-circumscribed lobulated mass-like shadows can be observed from these patients by CT scans. Besides, heterogeneity of density within the body of tumor was well-established by CT scans, together with linear septum. Meanwhile, CT scans demonstrated that calcifications were remarkable at the margin of tumor body. Conclusions: Some CT image features from two cases admitted to our hospital were presented as a reference for the preoperative diagnosis of MTTs: (i) enormity of mass-like shadow; (ii) presence of well-circumscribed lobulated shape; (iii) septum within the well-defined mass accompanied with hemorrhage, necrosis and cystic changes as well as calcification, especially within neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) patients.

Clinical Diagnosis, Classification and Differential Diagnosis in Retinal Artery Occlusion

10.37783/0188 ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 9-12
Keyword(s):  
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Fundus Fluorescein Angiography ◽  
Cotton Wool Spots ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Cilioretinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cilioretinal Artery ◽  
Retinal Artery ◽  
Patient’S History

A retinal artery occlusion is an ophthalmic emergency requiring immediate systemic evaluation because it is a summoner to stroke. Diagnosis is usually prompted by the patient’s history and fundus examination. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography are routinely used in clinical evaluation. Retinal artery occlusions are clinically classified as central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO), cilioretinal artery occlusion (CLRAO), combined retinal artery and vein occlusion, cotton-wool spots and a newly defined entity paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM).

Steroid Cell Tumours: Rare Ovarian Tumours that Cause Hyperandrogenaemia in Postmenopausal Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
xiaodan zhu ◽  
linyu zhou ◽  
jian jiang ◽  
Tian'an Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Ovarian Steroid ◽  
Clinical Recurrence ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Ovarian Tumours

Abstract Background Diagnosing hyperandrogenemia in postmenopausal women is very difficult, because it occasionally manifests as excessive hair growth or no clinical manifestations, so it is often misdiagnosed or missed diagnosis. Ovarian steroid cell tumours that cause hyperandrogenaemia in women account for approximately 0.1% of all ovarian tumours. Due to the low incidence, corresponding imaging reports are rare, so ovarian steroid cell tumours lacks typical imaging findings to differentiate it from other ovarian tumours. Therefore, we summarized its clinical and imaging characteristics through this case series ,and we also elaborated on the differential diagnosis of steroid cell tumors. We hope to help clinicians have a deeper understanding of ovarian steroid cell tumours.Case presentation we report three cases of postmenopausal women with hyperandrogenaemia.Only 1 patient showed virilization symptoms, the other two patients were completely asymptomatic. All patients underwent total hysterectomy + bilateral adnexectomy. Histological results showed one case of leyding cell tumor (case 1) and two cases of benign non-specific steroid cell tumor (case 2 and case 3). After the operation, the androgen levels of all patients returned to normal, and there was no clinical recurrence since follow-up.Conclusions Through this series of cases, we found that although virilization caused by increased serum testosterone levels is an important clinical feature of ovarian steroid cell tumors, complete asymptomatic is also one of its features. A solid, slightly hypoechoic, round or oval mass with uniform internal echo, richer blood flow in the solid part and low resistance index are typical imaging features of ovarian steroid cell tumors. Diagnosis of ovarian steroid cell tumours after menopause is challenging, but surgery can be used for both diagnosis and clear treatment.

scholarly journals Adult exogenous lipoid pneumonia: A rare and underrecognized entity in cytology – A case series

CytoJournal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Sung ◽  
Henry D. Tazelaar ◽  
John P. Crapanzano ◽  
Aziza Nassar ◽  
Anjali Saqi
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Lipoid Pneumonia ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Cytological Features ◽  
Appropriate Therapy

Background:Exogenous lipoid pneumonia (ELP) is a rare benign entity without specific clinical or imaging presentation. Although cytological studies – either bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) or fine-needle aspiration (FNA) – may be pursued in patients with ELP, a definitive diagnosis is frequently rendered only on histology. The aim of this study is to highlight the cytological features of ELP.Methods:A search of cytopathology (CP) and surgical pathology (SP) diagnoses of ELP was conducted. The corresponding clinical and imaging features were obtained, and the morphology, particularly the presence and size of the intracytoplasmic vacuoles and background, was assessed.Results:Nine cases of ELP were identified, including eight with corresponding CP and SP. A neoplasm was suspected in three based on imaging, but ELP was not in the differential clinically or radiographically in any. Among the cases, six patients had BALs and three FNAs. All of the samples showed multiple large vacuoles within macrophages with at least some equal to or larger than the size of the cell nucleus. Similar vacuoles were noted extracellularly on smears.Conclusions:ELP is typically described in case reports in the clinical or radiological literature. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the largest series of adult ELP in CP. When large vacuoles are present in macrophages in cytology specimens, at least a suspicion of ELP can be suggested to initiate appropriate therapy, identify/remove the inciting agent, and preclude a more invasive procedure.

The eye in general medicine

2010 ◽  
pp. 5233-5254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Frith
Keyword(s):  
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Eye Symptoms ◽  
Retinal Artery ◽  
Central Retinal Vein

All physicians should be aware of important eye symptoms, learn how to examine the eye, and in particular be proficient with the ophthalmoscope. Common presentations include (1) red eye—may be due to conjunctivitis, episcleritis, scleritis, iritis, keratitis, or acute glaucoma, some of which require urgent specialist opinion; (2) dry eye—which may have a systemic cause, particularly if accompanied by dryness of the mouth (sicca syndrome), e.g. Sjögren’s syndrome; (3) loss of vision—which, when it affects one eye, is associated with a relative afferent pupillary defect and can be caused by central retinal artery occlusion, ischaemic central retinal vein occlusion, ischaemic optic neuropathy, optic neuritis, extensive retinal detachment, advanced unilateral glaucoma, and optic nerve compression....

scholarly journals Intraorbital wooden foreign bodies: case series and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1619-1627
Author(s):  
Ya-Yan You ◽  
◽  
Xin-Yan Wang ◽  
Jin Chen ◽  
Zheng-Rong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Close Observation ◽  
Missed Diagnosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Intraorbital wooden foreign bodies (IOWFBs) constitute a relatively rare ocular trauma, which occupy a special type of intraorbital foreign bodies (IOFBs). Data regarding IOWFBs must be obtained from case reports or small case series due to their rarity. Here, we reported 5 cases of IOWFBs and reviewed the related literatures, which could provide comprehensive information regarding the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and surgical treatment of IOWFBs. Combined with the published literature, a total of 51 independent cases were counted after we added 5 cases. Among them, the number of male and female patients was 35 and 16 respectively; the mean age was 27.3±18.2 (range 1-66)y. Obviously, the disorder seemed to occur mainly in young and middle-aged people. Because of the diversity in the clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics of IOWFBs, misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis often occur during the initial visit. Delayed diagnosis may lead to a high risk of orbital infection caused by IOWFBs. Surgery is the treatment of choice for most patients; however, the missed diagnosis and residue of foreign bodies after previous surgery cannot be ignored. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis is governed by the detailed trauma history, careful ocular examination, close observation of clinical manifestations, correct imaging diagnosis [e.g., magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computerized tomography (CT)], and timely and completely elimination of IOWFBs.

scholarly journals Imaging Characteristics of Breast Lymphoma; a Case Series

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Atif Naveed ◽  
Javairia Aleem
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Breast Tumour ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Breast Lymphoma ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Pet Ct

Introduction: Breast involvement by lymphoma is rare. It can occur as a primary breast tumour or as an extranodal manifestation of the systemic disease. The imaging features of breast lymphoma (BL) arenot characteristic. Biopsy is necessary for diagnosis due to non-specific imaging features. Materials and Methods: A retrospective electronic medical chart review was conducted of patients diagnosed with lymphomaof breast that underwent diagnostic radiological procedures (including mammography, ultrasound breast, computed tomography (CT) scan and positron emission tomography (PET/CT) scan from 1 July 2018 to 31 March 2019 at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Pakistan. Results: Four patients were identified. On mammogram, the most common finding consisted of the presence of high-density masses with circumscribed or indistinct margins. On ultrasound, hypoechoic masses and indistinct diffuse infiltrative patterns were observed. PET/CT and CT were helpful in detecting extramammary sites of disease and for classifying the disease into primary or secondary BL. Conclusion: The early diagnosis of the BL is important. The radiologists should include lymphoma in the differential diagnosis when there is the absence of microcalcifications or spiculated margins on mammography and ultrasound.

scholarly journals Imaging features of ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in primary hepatic carcinosarcoma: three cases report

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunrui Liu ◽  
Shuping Wei ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Wentao Kong
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Focal Liver Lesions ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Hepatic Carcinosarcoma ◽  
Proven Method

Primary hepatic carcinosarcoma (PHCS) is a very rare malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. Previous studies in the English-language literature were case reports, focused on the clinical aspects, pathology and pathogenesis. Much is unknownabout the imaging characteristics of PHCS while ultrasound is the first imaging examination for hepatic disease. Contrastenhancedultrasound (CEUS) is a proven method that improves the detection and characterization of focal liver lesions. The purpose of the paper is to present the ultrasonographic and other imaging appearance of three cases of PHCS.

scholarly journals Eosinophilic pancreatitis versus pancreatitis associated with eosinophilic gastroenteritis – a systematic review regarding clinical features and diagnosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Pinte ◽  
Cristian Băicuș
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Hypereosinophilic Syndrome ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis ◽  
Eosinophil Infiltration ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background. Over the past years, eosinophil infiltration involving the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas leading to eosinophilic pancreatitis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis and hypereosinophilic syndrome has been reported in the literature. We aimed to analyze and compare the features involving patients with eosinophilic pancreatitis and pancreatitis associated with eosinophilic gastroenteritis and to determine if there is a connection between the two disorders or if they in fact meet the diagnostic criteria for hypereosinophilic syndrome. Material and methods. The following search was performed in March 2019 on PubMed (MEDLINE) database using the medical terms “pancreatitis”, “eosinophilic pancreatitis”, “eosinophilic gastroenteritis” and “hypereosinophilic syndrome”. Results. The search revealed 119 publications from 1970 onwards. A total of 83 papers were excluded, and the remaining 36 publications, consisting in case reports and case series, were analyzed. From 45 patients, 20 subjects with eosinophilic gastroenteritis developed pancreatitis, 20/45 had eosinophilic pancreatitis, and 5/45 hypereosinophilic syndrome involving the pancreas. There was no significant difference regarding clinical, laboratory and imaging features between the three groups, despite the multiple theories that explain the association of pancreatic and gastrointestinal eosinophilic infiltration. Although there was a strong resemblance between the three groups, histological evidence of eosinophilic gastrointestinal infiltration guided the treatment towards a less invasive way, while subjects with eosinophilic pancreatitis underwent pancreatic surgery to exclude potentially malignant lesions. Conclusion. Although there are various theories that explain pancreatitis development in patients with eosinophilic gastroenteritis, hypereosinophilia diagnostic work-up should be taken into account in all patients with high number of blood eosinophils, even in those with eosinophilic pancreatitis in order to establish the diagnosis using a minimally invasive approach and to apply an adequate treatment.

Eccentric, mature osseous cap: A distinct imaging feature of sinonasal osteoblastoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-84
Author(s):  
Sumeet G. Dua ◽  
Philip H. Locker ◽  
Isolina R. Rossi ◽  
Danny Jandali ◽  
Paulo Gattuso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Bone Neoplasms ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Characteristic Imaging ◽  
Unusual Occurrence ◽  
Pathologic Basis ◽  
Mature Bone

Background: With the exception of osteomas, bone neoplasms that originate in the sinonasal cavity are seldom diagnosed on preoperative imaging due to a lack of characteristic radiographic features. Here we described the unusual occurrence of an osteoblastoma in the paranasal sinuses, and we drew focus to its salient imaging features. A highly unique imaging sign was indicated, and its pathologic basis was explained, with concurrent review of the literature. Methods: Case series and review of the literature. Results: Two cases of sinonasal osteoblastoma were managed by definitive surgical resection. Both tumors on preoperative computed tomography demonstrated an expansile, heterogeneous fibro-osseous lesion with an eccentric, mature osseous cap. The dense osseous cap seen on imaging corresponded to a rim of mature bone on histopathology. A review of existing literature revealed the presence of this imaging sign in all reported cases. Conclusion: Sinonasal osteoblastoma is an extremely rare entity with undefined imaging characteristics to guide preoperative decision-making. Here we reported, to our knowledge, the first description of a characteristic imaging sign of an eccentric, mature osseous cap, which corresponded histologically to a single peripheral layer rim of osteoblasts, a unique trait of osteoblastoma.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document