scholarly journals MANIPULAÇÕES POST-MORTEM DO CORPO HUMANO: Implicações Arqueológicas e Antropológicas

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Jennifer Kerner
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Archaeological Methods ◽  
Ancient People

Este trabalho é uma exploração das diferentes estratégias desenvolvidas pelas pessoas para responder ao problema do luto através das ações realizadas no cadáver. A manipulação post-mortem dos corpos regularmente fornece ao arqueólogo "sepulturas secundárias" e ossos "perturbados". Estas duas categorias são referidas com o termo genérico de “ossos na posição secundária” para expressar que os ossos não estão mais conectados e que a posição original do corpo não é mais legível. Estes depósitos são frequentemente subavaliados pelos arqueólogos porque são pouco compreendidos. Tais vestígios implicam uma gestão complexa e planejada do processo fúnebre e gestos / práticas / cerimônias em vários episódios. Eles são, portanto, valiosos para a compreensão de fenômenos sociais e crenças antigas. Esta tese propõe um esclarecimento dos conceitos relativos aos “ossos na posição secundária”, bem como um aprimoramento da metodologia relacionada a esses depósitos específicos.POST-MORTEM MANIPULATIONS OF THE HUMAN BODY: Archaeological and Anthropological ImplicationsABSTRACTHuman remains resulting from sophisticated mortuary treatments represent a preferred information source about the organization of societies and about belief systems of ancient people. Secondary deposits, sacred artefacts made of humain bones or dismembered / scattered burials emerge as precious raw material in order to reconstruct gestures, practices and, finally, the symbolic discourse built around those dead who are selected to become particular protective entities, perhaps Ancestors. An ethnoarcheological study on multiplesteps funerals has been performed in order to improve methods of recognition of these peculiar remains on the archaeological field.Keywords: Ethnoarchaeology; multiple-steps funerals; archaeological methods.

scholarly journals Macro and micro minerals: are frozen fruits a good source?

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia D.S. Spada ◽  
Giovana V. Bortolin ◽  
Daniel Prá ◽  
Carla E.I. Santos ◽  
Johnny F. Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Amazon Rainforest ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Dietary Reference Intakes ◽  
Mineral Profile ◽  
The World ◽  
Ice Creams

Fruits are rich in minerals, which are essential for a wide variety of metabolic and physiologic processes in the human body. The use of frozen fruits has greatly spread in the last years not only in the preparation of juices, but also as raw material for yogurts, candies, cookies, cakes, ice creams, and children's food. However, up to now there is no data about the mineral profile of frozen fruits. This is the first database to quantify the levels of minerals in 23 samples of frozen fruits, including the most used around the world and some native fruits from the Amazon rainforest in Brazil. Considering the Dietary Reference Intakes, 100g of frozen fruits can provide 0.2 to 2.8% of macro and 2.5 to 100% of microminerals for adults (31-50 years old). Although geographical differences should be considered, these data can help to plan diets and to develop population interventions aiming to prevent chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Raw material procurement for termite fishing tools in wild chimpanzees

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Pascual-Garrido ◽  
Volker Sommer ◽  
Katarina Almeida-Warren
Keyword(s):  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Mixed Strategy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Termite Mounds ◽  
Archaeological Methods ◽  
Material Procurement ◽  
Western Tanzania

Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) termite fishing has been studied for decades. However, we still know little about how raw material for the extraction of tools is obtained. This is particularly true for potential selection criteria and what these imply for underlying cognitive mechanisms, such as forward planning. We employed traditional archaeological methods while studying termite fishing in two ecologically distinct habitats in western Tanzania: the Kasekela community, with approximately 55 habituated individuals who reside in the forests and woodlands of Gombe; and the Issa community of around 67 members, in process of habituation, who live in the more open, drier woodland-savannah of the Issa Valley. Results suggest that chimpanzees select particular species as tool sources, many of which are also food plants. Chimpanzees at both sites chose three identical species, perhaps for their especially suitable physical properties, like bark that is easy to peel off. At both sites, chimpanzees used plants close to termite mounds, but also from further away (up to 35 m), indicating a mixed strategy of opportunism and forward thinking. The populations also differed, in that Issa chimpanzees clearly preferred bark as raw material, while Gombe chimpanzees also used twigs and grass. Moreover, a quarter of sourced plants at Issa were not visible from the mound, and, compared to Gombe, on average 5 m further away. These disparities are likely caused by environmental differences, in that the more open and drier habitat at Issa might necessitate a higher degree of planning.

scholarly journals LAMA FERMENTASI TERHADAP KADAR SERAT NATA BUAH GANDARIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Juen Carla Warella ◽  
Pamella Mercy Papilaya ◽  
Prelly Tuapattinaya
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Acetobacter Xylinum ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fermentation Time

Background: Gandaria fruit on the island of Ambon has benefits if the sale value can be used as raw material for the manufacture of Nata products. The making of Nata Gandaria fruit with the help of Acetobacter xylinum microorganisms, the role of microbes to break down glucose into cellulose or fiber that is important for the human body. Methods: To know the length of fermentation to know the effect of fiber content of Gandaria nata, then tested on fiber content of nata Gandaria fruit that has been fermented for 10 days and 12 days. Result: Based on the test results using gravimetry fiber content method known nata fermentation time can increase fiber content. The highest increasing fiber content at nata occurred on day 12 with an average fiber content of 0.45% and the lowest occurred on fermentation day 10 with an average fiber content of 0.35%. Conclusion: The duration of fermentation has an effect on the fiber content of gandaria fruit (Bouea macrophylla griff). The duration of fermentation that produces gandaria fruit nata (Bouea macrophylla griff) with the highest fiber content is on the 12th day while the fermentation time that produces the gandaria fruit (Bouea macrophylla griff) with the least fiber content is the 10th day

scholarly journals Raw material procurement for termite fishing tools in wild chimpanzees

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Pascual-Garrido ◽  
Volker Sommer ◽  
Katarina Almeida-Warren
Keyword(s):  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Mixed Strategy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Termite Mounds ◽  
Archaeological Methods ◽  
Material Procurement ◽  
Western Tanzania

Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) termite fishing has been studied for decades. However, we still know little about how raw material for the extraction of tools is obtained. This is particularly true for potential selection criteria and what these imply for underlying cognitive mechanisms, such as forward planning. We employed traditional archaeological methods while studying termite fishing in two ecologically distinct habitats in western Tanzania: the Kasekela community, with approximately 55 habituated individuals who reside in the forests and woodlands of Gombe; and the Issa community of around 67 members, in process of habituation, who live in the more open, drier woodland-savannah of the Issa Valley. Results suggest that chimpanzees select particular species as tool sources, many of which are also food plants. Chimpanzees at both sites chose three identical species, perhaps for their especially suitable physical properties, like bark that is easy to peel off. At both sites, chimpanzees used plants close to termite mounds, but also from further away (up to 35 m), indicating a mixed strategy of opportunism and forward thinking. The populations also differed, in that Issa chimpanzees clearly preferred bark as raw material, while Gombe chimpanzees also used twigs and grass. Moreover, a quarter of sourced plants at Issa were not visible from the mound, and, compared to Gombe, on average 5 m further away. These disparities are likely caused by environmental differences, in that the more open and drier habitat at Issa might necessitate a higher degree of planning.

scholarly journals Geotouristic potential of the Kremenets Mountains

2018 ◽  
pp. 27-41
Author(s):  
Andriy Bermes ◽  
Andriy Bogucki ◽  
Olena Tomeniuk
Keyword(s):  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Steep Slope ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
Unique Region ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
Ancient People ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Structural Relief

The Kremenets Mountains are the unique region of the Volhyn-Podillia Upland, which is situated at the northeastern part of Gologory-Kremenets low mountainous edge of Podillia to the east from Ikva River valley. There are intensively dissected relief, wide growth of deep gullies and ravines, phenomena of slope recession are widespread as well as karst and karst-suffosion processes, etc. here. Ancient people settled the territory of Kremenets Mountains a long time ago. This is evidenced, in particular, by the Paleolithic site Kulychivka in Kremenets, where people lived from 40,000 years ago. Kremenets Mountains descend towards the plain of Small Polissya by a steep slope up to 100 m and more. There are picturesque landscapes and a significant number of attractive residual mountains (Bozha, Stizhok, Chercha, Bona, Unias, etc.) here. It is not surprising that this stunning area is often called the Ukrainian Switzerland. On the territory of the Kremenets Mountains over the basis of erosion, the deposits of chalk of the Upper Cretaceous age are widely developed. In the chalk, there are numerical nodules of mainly grey and black flint (flint in Ukrainian is kremin, hence the name Kremenets) in sizes up to 0.3–0.4 m, which often lie in separate layers. High-quality flint served as a raw material for the production of tools by ancient people. The peaks of the Kremenets Mountains are armoured with layers of Sarmatian oolithic limestones and sandstones lying horizontally with a capacity of 10 m or more. Oolithic limestones and sandstones determine the wide development of the structural relief in the Kremenets Mountains, and rocky outcrops of oolithic limestones often determine the formation of exotic cliffs – unique natural monuments. Kremenets Mountains are incredibly rich in objects of historical and cultural heritage, which is especially true of the picturesque Kremenets. The combination of natural (geological and geomorphological) and historical and cultural objects makes the Kremenets Mountains promising for the development of tourism. The article presents original maps of geotouristic, historical and cultural objects of the Kremenets Mountains and the environs of Kremenets town. Maps are built on geological and hypsometric bases. The geotouristic potential of the research area is analysed. Key words: Kremenets Mountains, Podolian Upland, geotourism, geotouristic objects, historical and cultural objects, residual mountains, flint, the Palaeolithic.

scholarly journals Development of regression model of proteins attackability process in meat food (in vitro)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-241
Author(s):  
A. S. Pulatov ◽  
M. A. Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Pair Correlation ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Raw Material

In the presented article the authors consider the issues of development of regression model for process of food digestion by proteolytic enzymes in human body. The authors use correlation analysis. They analyze the main nutritional values and physical and chemical properties of meat products, the modes of heat treatment of semi-finished lamb products. The essential parameters and features are determined to find the dependence between the factor values and efficient values of the basic raw material, which affect the quality of the technological processes and, in general, the finished product. The regression model equation is mathematically calculated by methods of solving K. Gauss linear equations. The standard deviations of parameters are calculated, the initial data are normalized; the matrices of the pair correlation coefficients, lower and upper limits of their values are compiled. Equations of the mathematical regression model of meat proteins attackability by proteolytic enzymes — in vitro (pepsin, trypsin) are developed. It is proved that the obtained equation represents a regression model of the process of meat food proteins attackability by enzymes (pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin), depending on the determined 3 essential factors (weight of a meat piece, duration of frying, collagen content in lamb meat). Also this equation reflects the process of lamb digestibility in a digestive tract of a human body.

scholarly journals What the Polish Mother Does Not Say. Zbylut Grzywacz Against the Myth

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4 SELECTED PAPERS IN ENGLISH) ◽  
pp. 103-123
Author(s):  
Dorota Kudelska
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Social Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Body Form ◽  
Polish Version ◽  
The World ◽  
The Dead

The Polish version of the article was published in Roczniki Humanistyczne vol. 62, issue 4 (2014). The article presents the art of Zbylut Grzywacz in the context of his post-mortem exhibition in the Kraków National Museum in 2009. The subjects of the analysis are his paintings from the 1970s and 1980s, presenting women through a simple rough treatment of human body form, without an academic idealization. The destruction of the form conforms to the deconstruction of the myth of a Polish Mother. It is due to the change of a social position of the figures whom Grzywacz gives the roles of guardians of tradition, as well as due to their mental and moral degradation. The artist uses an irony in showing his knowledge of the tradition of showing a human body in an academic nude (what he denies), in a Flemish art of showing torn animal meat (with the Rembrandt’s reflection) and Holbein’s tradition of the post-mortem decay (The Body of the Dead Christ in the Tomb). One of the main themes in Grzywacz’s paintings is the loneliness, especially distinct in a representation of symbolically naked persons among insensible pedestrians. The Polish Mother—here she doesn’t belong to any society. The explicitness and the picturesque materiality covers a certain “crack” in the world presented inside the hard-to-comprehend present-day multitude of Grzywacz’s paintings. Behind the cover of the foreground tale, as one could think on the basis of the sketchbooks, there is a kind of an “unpresented world”, in which the author incessantly tells us about the pain of his existence with no anaesthetization by grotesque.

scholarly journals Functionalization of medical textiles

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Natalija Sadretdinova ◽  
Sergey Bereznenko ◽  
Larisa Bilotska ◽  
Maria Pawłowa ◽  
Szafrańska Halina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Medical Textiles ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
The Impact

An important basis for the creation of medical clothing is realization of the influence of various factors that arise in the interaction of elements of the system "man–clothes–production environment". Given the increasing technogenic burden on health of both medical staff and hospital patients, the assessment of the role of medical clothing in forming the energy balance of direct consumers is extremely relevant. Previous studies have experimentally confirmed the presence of energy effects of textile materials on the human body. However, determination of the nature of the impact is a complex task, which solution depends on a number of factors, such as the raw material composition, its structure, surface characteristics, etc. The purpose of our paper is to study the development of textile multifunctional materials for medical purposes and to study their energy-information impact on the human body. The following tasks have been solved in the course of the study. For use in the medical field, several samples of textile materials with antimicrobial properties, modified by herbal preparations, were obtained. Properties of textile materials that determine the possibility of their use in medical practice have been investigated. The influence of the experimental samples on the functional state of the organs and systems of human organs by use of the methods of information-wave therapy is evaluated.

Monstrous Masses

Screen Bodies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-70
Author(s):  
John Marmysz
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Human Being

This article investigates the varied reactions of audiences to cinematic depictions of the human body as objectified raw material. The investigation proceeds, first, by explicating an ontological distinction between being-in-itself and being-for-itself, which in turn allows for a clarification of the processes involved in the objectification of one human being by another. The article then argues that in films where depictions of bodily objectification are pushed to an extreme—such as The Human Centipede, Nymphomaniac, and Videodrome—a potentially positive, empathic potential is unlocked in audiences. Rather than simply resulting in the humiliation of human characters, such films encourage audiences to experience a kind of sympathy for the characters that is related to, but not distinct from, other horrific, humorous, and erotic feelings. The article concludes that the objectification of human bodies in film is both unavoidable and a potentially positive moral exercise.

Monstrous Masses: The Human Body as Raw Material

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Marmysz
Keyword(s):  
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Jean Paul ◽  
The One ◽  
Corporeal Nature ◽  
Key Characters

This chapter examines The Human Centipede, Nymphomaniac, and Videodrome; films that push the boundaries of human objectification. The chapter draws on the works of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Jean-Paul Sartre, highlighting an ontological distinction between being “in-itself” and being “for-itself.” It is argued that though the objectification of key characters in these films, on the one hand, promotes a sort of nihilistic reduction of humans to meaningless bodies in motion, on the other hand, this same reduction potentially provokes a sense of sympathy in viewers who are also embodied, and thus can see their own condition reflected in the experiences of the characters who suffer on screen. Depictions of others as meaningless matter remind audiences of their own corporeal nature (being in-itself), disgusting, titillating, and amusing them, but also potentially moving them to empathize with the consciousnesses presumed by analogy with themselves to exist within the bodies depicted on screen (being for-itself).

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