TRANSFER OF POST-INERTIAL TRAINING GAINS TO FUNCTIONAL FITNESS OF PHYSICALLY ACTIVE OLDER WOMEN

The aims of this study were to estimate the influence of inertial training on knee extensor muscle strength and power and evaluate the effect of that training on functional fitness in physically active older women. Twenty-two physically active women ages 58-70 years were randomly divided into a training (T) and a control groups (C). The T group performed inertial training using the ITMS three times per week for five weeks. Each training session included three exercise sets involving the knee extensor muscles. The 30-second chair stand, 8-ft up-and-go, and stair climbing tests were used to estimation of functional fitness. Significant post-training increases of average force (55%) and power (62%) were noted in the T group (p ≤ 0.05). No significant magnitudes of changes were observed in the C group. Changes in functional tests did not differ significantly between T group (2.9-5.6%) and C group (0.6-5.4%). Post-training changes on ITMS were not significantly correlated with changes in functional tests. Inertial training proposed here induced significant improvements in knee muscle strength and power in physically active older women, but the transfer of post-training gains to functional fitness was poor. It seems that the 30-second chair stand, 8-ft up-and-go, and stair climbing tests are undemanding tests for women with very good functional mobility and further study to estimate post-inertial training transfer should be done using more demanding tests for this sub-population.

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Vitamin D, muscle strength and physical function in UK South Asian older women

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120005315 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Sabeen Zahra ◽

Bernard Corfe ◽

Elizabeth Williams

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Physical Function ◽

Older Women ◽

South Asian ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Timed Up And Go ◽

Chair Stand

AbstractA positive association has been reported between vitamin D status, muscle strength and physical function in older Caucasian women. However, little is known about this relationship in UK South Asian older women. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the association between vitamin D status, muscle strength and physical function in UK South Asian (Pakistani and Indian) older women.One hundred and twenty community-dwelling women were recruited via visiting community centres, mosques, Indian temples (Gurdwara) and by word of mouth (between January to May 2018). Inclusion criteria were: community-dwelling, South Asian women, age 60 years and above, able to communicate effectively and able to give written or verbal consent. A general interview (demographic, anthropometric, self-reported exhaustion, health history, supplementation use/duration/dose), handgrip strength (kg), short physical performance battery (single chair stand, repeated chair stands, balance, timed up-and-go test), and blood 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D, nmol/l) concentration were performed. Dietary intake and self-reported physical activity was also assessed using multiple-pass 24-hour diet recall method and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form respectively.Overall, 47% of participants had insufficient blood 25(OH)D concentration (< 50nmol/L) and 53% had sufficient blood 25(OH)D (≥ 50nmol/L) using the IOM classification. As expected 86% of current vitamin D supplement users had adequate vitamin D status and only 14% of women who reported current vitamin D supplement use had insufficient vitamin D status. Amongst supplement non-users 68% had insufficient vitamin D status and only 32% had adequate levels. An inverse correlation (Spearman's analysis) was found between vitamin D status and single chair stand test (sec) (r = -0.25, p = 0.006); repeated chair stand test (sec) (r = -0.29, p = 0.002) and timed up-and-go test (sec) (r = -0.20, p = 0.02). No correlation was observed between vitamin D status and handgrip strength (r = 0.09, p = 0.30).The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is high in post-menopausal South Asian women not taking vitamin D supplements. Significant association was observed between vitamin D status and some aspects of muscle strength and physical function. We are now conducting a randomized control trial to investigate whether vitamin D supplementation may restore muscle strength and function in this population.

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A Comparison of Functional Fitness of Older Brazilian and American Women

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.17.4.387 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 387-397 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Maressa P. Krause ◽

Renata S.B. Januário ◽

Tatiane Hallage ◽

Luke Haile ◽

Cristiane P. Miculis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Test Body ◽

Functional Fitness ◽

Functional Tests ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

American Women ◽

South Of Brazil ◽

Variation Of Functional ◽

Specific Health

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to generate a functional-fitness profile for older women from the south of Brazil and to compare their functional profile with an age-matched cohort of American women. The Fullerton Functional Fitness Test (body-mass index, 6-min-walk test, chair sit-and-reach, chair stand, arm curl, and 8-ft up-and-go) was administered to 1,033 participants. Z scores indicate that older American women performed better in all functional tests than age-matched Brazilians. This fact could be explained by the delayed establishment of specific health policies for older adults in Brazil. In conclusion, the findings provide guidelines about the normal variation of functional fitness in older women from the southern region of Brazil. In addition, these data can be used to help identify older women with functional losses, thereby assisting in the diagnosis of early disability.

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Technical and Training Related Aspects of Resistance Training Using Blood Flow Restriction in Competitive Sport - A Review

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/hukin-2018-0101 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 249-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Michal Wilk ◽

Michal Krzysztofik ◽

Mariola Gepfert ◽

Stanislaw Poprzecki ◽

Artur Gołaś ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Muscle Hypertrophy ◽

Training Session ◽

Blood Flow Restriction ◽

Physically Active ◽

Complementary Method ◽

Flow Restriction ◽

Competitive Athletes

AbstractBlood flow restriction (BFR) combined with resistance training (RT-BFR) shows significant benefits in terms of muscle strength and hypertrophy. Such effects have been observed in clinical populations, in groups of physically active people, and among competitive athletes. These effects are comparable or, in some cases, even more efficient compared to conventional resistance training (CRT). RT-BFR stimulates muscle hypertrophy and improves muscle strength even at low external loads. Since no extensive scientific research has been done in relation to groups of athletes, the aim of the present study was to identify technical, physiological and methodological aspects related to the use of RT-BFR in competitive athletes from various sport disciplines. RT-BFR in groups of athletes has an effect not only on the improvement of muscle strength or muscle hypertrophy, but also on specific motor abilities related to a particular sport discipline. The literature review reveals that most experts do not recommend the use RT-BFR as the only training method, but rather as a complementary method to CRT. It is likely that optimal muscle adaptive changes can be induced by a combination of CRT and RT-BFR. Some research has confirmed benefits of using CRT followed by RT-BFR during a training session. The use of BFR in training also requires adequate progression or modifications in the duration of occlusion in a training session, the ratio of exercises performed with BFR to conventional exercises, the value of pressure or the cuff width.

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Knee Extensor Muscle Strength Is More Important Than Postural Balance for Stair-Climbing Ability in Elderly Patients with Severe Knee Osteoarthritis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18073637 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 3637

Author(s):

José Casaña ◽

Joaquín Calatayud ◽

Antonio Silvestre ◽

José Sánchez-Frutos ◽

Lars L. Andersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Postural Balance ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Knee Extensor ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Stair Climbing ◽

Joint Disease ◽

Timed Up And Go ◽

Climbing Ability

Knee osteoarthritis is a chronic joint disease which damages articular cartilage. In its severe stages, it results in impairments in balance and muscle strength loss, which affect daily life activities such as walking or climbing stairs. This study sought to investigate associated factors with stair-climbing ability in this population, with special interest in measuring the relevance of postural balance for this task. Forty-four patients scheduled to undergo unilateral total knee arthroplasty were assessed. Timed up and go test, stair ascent–descent test, three different isometric strength tests (knee flexion, knee extension and hip abduction), active knee extension and flexion range of movement and static postural balance assessment were evaluated. Spearman’s correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression analysis determined the strength of association between the different variables and stair-climbing time. No significant association between the stair-climbing time and static balance was found. Significant associations were found between stair-climbing time and timed up and go (r = 0.71; p < 0.0001) and maximal knee extensor strength (r = –0.52; p = 0.0003). One-year increase in age was associated with 0.15 s (95% CI 0.00 to 0.30) slower stair-climbing time. In conclusion, muscle strength is more important than postural balance for stair-climbing ability in this population.

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Association of low back pain with muscle weakness, decreased mobility function, and malnutrition in older women: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0245879 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. e0245879

Author(s):

Satoshi Kato ◽

Satoru Demura ◽

Kazuya Shinmura ◽

Noriaki Yokogawa ◽

Tamon Kabata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Older People ◽

Older Women ◽

Muscle Weakness ◽

Test Score ◽

Knee Extensor ◽

Trunk Muscle ◽

Low Back ◽

Mobility Function ◽

Knee Extensor Muscle Strength

Background Low back pain (LBP) and decreased mobility function are common problem among older people. Muscle weakness has been reported as a risk factor for these conditions, and exercise therapy can improve them. We created a novel exercise device that also measures abdominal trunk muscle strength. Malnutrition has also emerged as a major problem among older people. Muscle is a direct key linking decreased mobility function and malnutrition. This study aimed to examine the associations of LBP with not only decreased physical function and muscle weakness but also nutritional status of older people. Methods We examined the associations of LBP with muscle weakness, decreased mobility function (locomotive syndrome [LS]), and malnutrition among older women. The study included 101 female patients aged 60 years or older scheduled to undergo surgery for degenerative lower extremity diseases. Preoperatively, physical tests including abdominal trunk muscle strength assessment using the device and laboratory tests were conducted. Subjects with LBP (numerical rating scale ≥2; range, 0–4) during the preceding month were allocated to the LBP group (n = 36). Other subjects were allocated to the non-LBP group (n = 65). Results The LBP group had lower abdominal trunk and knee extensor muscle strength, lower serum albumin, and hemoglobin levels as blood biomarkers associated with malnutrition risk, and higher LS test scores than the non-LBP group. A multivariate analysis showed that abdominal trunk muscle weakness and advanced LS were associated with LBP. LBP intensity was negatively correlated with abdominal trunk and knee extensor muscle strength and positively correlated with the LS test score. The serum hemoglobin level was negatively correlated with the LS test score. Conclusion Abdominal trunk muscle weakness and decreased mobility function were associated with LBP among older women.

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Effect of resistance exercise on plasma interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), knee extensor muscle strength and functional capacity in older women

http://isrctn.org/> ◽

10.1186/isrctn62824599 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Leani Souza Máximo Pereira

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Older Women ◽

Tumour Necrosis ◽

Knee Extensor ◽

Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Tnf Alpha ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Factor Alpha ◽

Knee Extensor Muscle Strength ◽

Necrosis Factor

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The Impact of Resistance Training on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and Functional Fitness in Older Women (45–80 Years): A Systematic Review (2010–2020)

Women ◽

10.3390/women1030014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 143-168

Author(s):

Lynda B. Ransdell ◽

Heidi A. Wayment ◽

Nanette Lopez ◽

Cori Lorts ◽

Anna L. Schwartz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Older Women ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Nutritional Supplements ◽

Functional Fitness ◽

Dietary Manipulation ◽

The Impact

As women age, they typically experience a progressive decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength, which can lead to a decline in functional fitness and quality of life. Resistance training (RT) has the potential to attenuate these losses. Although well established for men, evidence regarding the benefits of RT for women is sparse and inconsistent: prior reviews include too few studies with women and do not adequately examine the interactive or additive impacts of workload, modalities, and nutritional supplements on outcomes such as muscle mass (MM), body composition (BC), muscle strength (MS), and functional fitness (FF). The purpose of this review is to identify these gaps. Thirty-eight papers published between 2010 and 2020 (in English) represent 2519 subjects (mean age = 66.89 ± 4.91 years). Intervention averages include 2 to 3 × 50 min sessions across 15 weeks with 7 exercises per session and 11 repetitions per set. Twelve studies (32%) examined the impact of RT plus dietary manipulation. MM, MS, and FF showed positive changes after RT. Adding RT to fitness regimens for peri- to postmenopausal women is likely to have positive benefits.

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