scholarly journals Vitamin D, muscle strength and physical function in UK South Asian older women

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabeen Zahra ◽  
Bernard Corfe ◽  
Elizabeth Williams
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Older Women ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Chair Stand

AbstractA positive association has been reported between vitamin D status, muscle strength and physical function in older Caucasian women. However, little is known about this relationship in UK South Asian older women. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the association between vitamin D status, muscle strength and physical function in UK South Asian (Pakistani and Indian) older women.One hundred and twenty community-dwelling women were recruited via visiting community centres, mosques, Indian temples (Gurdwara) and by word of mouth (between January to May 2018). Inclusion criteria were: community-dwelling, South Asian women, age 60 years and above, able to communicate effectively and able to give written or verbal consent. A general interview (demographic, anthropometric, self-reported exhaustion, health history, supplementation use/duration/dose), handgrip strength (kg), short physical performance battery (single chair stand, repeated chair stands, balance, timed up-and-go test), and blood 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D, nmol/l) concentration were performed. Dietary intake and self-reported physical activity was also assessed using multiple-pass 24-hour diet recall method and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form respectively.Overall, 47% of participants had insufficient blood 25(OH)D concentration (< 50nmol/L) and 53% had sufficient blood 25(OH)D (≥ 50nmol/L) using the IOM classification. As expected 86% of current vitamin D supplement users had adequate vitamin D status and only 14% of women who reported current vitamin D supplement use had insufficient vitamin D status. Amongst supplement non-users 68% had insufficient vitamin D status and only 32% had adequate levels. An inverse correlation (Spearman's analysis) was found between vitamin D status and single chair stand test (sec) (r = -0.25, p = 0.006); repeated chair stand test (sec) (r = -0.29, p = 0.002) and timed up-and-go test (sec) (r = -0.20, p = 0.02). No correlation was observed between vitamin D status and handgrip strength (r = 0.09, p = 0.30).The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is high in post-menopausal South Asian women not taking vitamin D supplements. Significant association was observed between vitamin D status and some aspects of muscle strength and physical function. We are now conducting a randomized control trial to investigate whether vitamin D supplementation may restore muscle strength and function in this population.

scholarly journals Toe flexor strength is associated with mobility in older adults with pronated and supinated feet but not with neutral feet

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Kusagawa ◽  
Toshiyuki Kurihara ◽  
Aiko Imai ◽  
Sumiaki Maeo ◽  
Takashi Sugiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Toe Flexor Strength ◽  
Flexor Strength

Abstract Background: Older adults are known to have more pronated foot posture and decreased toe flexor strength (TFS), as well as decreased mobility in daily life compared to young adults. Although foot posture is reported to be an influential factor for walking biomechanics in young adults, there is less information on this subject in older adults. Age-related reduction in TFS is shown to be associated with impairments of functional performance, but it is poorly understood whether foot posture influences the relationships between TFS and functional performances. Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate this concern by examining older women. Methods: Seventy community-dwelling older women (76.8 ± 4.4 years) voluntarily participated in this study. Foot posture was evaluated by the 6-item foot posture index (FPI). Based on the FPI score, participants were allocated to pronated, neutral, or supinated group (n = 33, 26, and 11, respectively). TFS was assessed using a toe grip dynamometer in a seated position. Scores of 30-second chair stand, timed up-and-go, 5-m comfortable-speed walking, and static balance tests were determined to evaluate functional performances. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were computed to examine the relationships between TFS and functional performances in each group. Results: TFS positively correlated with comfortable walking speed in the pronated (r = 0.37, p = 0.03) and supinated (r = 0.76, p < 0.001) groups, but not in the neutral group (r = 0.17, p = 0.42). For the two significant relationships, an analysis of covariance showed that there was no significant difference between the pronated and supinated groups in the slopes of the regression lines, suggesting a similar relative contribution of TFS to comfortable walking speed between the two groups. In addition, TFS tended to negatively correlate with timed up-and-go time in the pronated (r = -0.32, p = 0.07) and supinated (r = -0.56, p = 0.08) groups, and positively correlate with 30-second chair stand score in the pronated group (r = 0.31, p = 0.08). Conclusions: The present study indicates that TFS would be associated with mobility, walking performance in particular, in older women with pronated and supinated feet but not with neutral feet.

scholarly journals Effects of Vitamin D3 Supplementation and Resistance Training on 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status and Functional Performance of Older Adults: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Rudolf Aschauer ◽  
Sandra Unterberger ◽  
Patrick A. Zöhrer ◽  
Agnes Draxler ◽  
Bernhard Franzke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D3 Supplementation

Vitamin D status is associated with muscle strength and performance in older adults. To examine the additive effects of vitamin D3 supplementation during resistance training, 100 seniors (65–85 years) participated in a 16-week intervention. Besides a daily dose of 400 mg of calcium, participants received either 800 IU vitamin D3 per day (VDD), 50,000 IU vitamin D3 per month (VDM) or nothing (CON). After the initial loading phase of four weeks, all groups started a 10-week resistance training program. Assessments of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status, muscle strength endurance (30-s chair stand and arm curl tests), aerobic capacity (6-min walk test) and functional mobility (gait speed and timed up and go test) were undertaken at baseline, after four weeks and at the end of the study. 25(OH)D status significantly improved in VDD and VDM, but not in CON (time x group: p = 0.021), as 15.2% of CON, 40.0% of VDD and 61.1% of VDM reached vitamin D sufficiency (>30 ng/mL; p = 0.004). Chair stand test, arm curl test, 6-min walk test, gait speed and timed up and go test improved over the whole intervention period (p < 0.05), however only chair stand and arm curl test were selectively affected by resistance training (p < 0.001). Neither muscle strength endurance, nor functional mobility or aerobic capacity were modulated by vitamin D supplementation. Therefore, the mere amelioration of 25(OH)D status of older adults does not lead to an additive effect on muscular performance during RT.

scholarly journals Toe flexor strength is associated with mobility in older adults with pronated and supinated feet but not with neutral feet

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Kusagawa ◽  
Toshiyuki Kurihara ◽  
Aiko Imai ◽  
Sumiaki Maeo ◽  
Takashi Sugiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Toe Flexor Strength ◽  
Flexor Strength

Abstract Background Older adults are known to have more pronated foot posture and decreased toe flexor strength (TFS), as well as decreased mobility in daily life compared to young adults. Although foot posture is reported to be an influential factor for walking biomechanics in young adults, there is less information on this subject in older adults. Age-related reduction in TFS is shown to be associated with impairments of functional performance, but it is poorly understood whether foot posture influences the relationships between TFS and functional performances. Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate this concern by examining older women. Methods Seventy community-dwelling older women (76.8 ± 4.4 years) voluntarily participated in this study. Foot posture was evaluated by the 6-item foot posture index (FPI). Based on the FPI score, participants were allocated to pronated, neutral, or supinated group (n = 33, 26, and 11, respectively). TFS was assessed using a toe grip dynamometer in a seated position. Scores of 30-s chair stand, timed up-and-go, 5-m comfortable-speed walking, and static balance tests were determined to evaluate functional performances. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were computed to examine the relationships between TFS and functional performances in each group. Results TFS positively correlated with comfortable walking speed in the pronated (r = 0.37, p = 0.03) and supinated (r = 0.76, p < 0.001) groups, but not in the neutral group (r = 0.17, p = 0.42). For the two significant relationships, an analysis of covariance showed that there was no significant difference between the pronated and supinated groups in the slopes of the regression lines, suggesting a similar relative contribution of TFS to comfortable walking speed between the two groups. In addition, TFS tended to negatively correlate with timed up-and-go time in the pronated (r = − 0.32, p = 0.07) and supinated (r = − 0.56, p = 0.08) groups, and positively correlate with 30-s chair stand score in the pronated group (r = 0.31, p = 0.08). Conclusions The present study indicates that TFS would be associated with mobility, walking performance in particular, in older women with pronated and supinated feet but not with neutral feet.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status, functional ability and muscle strength in older South Asian and Caucasian women in the UK

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (OCE1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Darling ◽  
K. H. Hart ◽  
D. J. Skene ◽  
S. Arber ◽  
S. A. Lanham-New
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Caucasian Women ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Changes in Physical and Oral Function after a Long-Term Care Prevention Program in Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Adults: A 12-Month Follow-Up Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Yoshimi Iwao-Kawamura ◽  
Hideo Shigeishi ◽  
Shino Uchida ◽  
Shirou Kawano ◽  
Tomoko Maehara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Health Program ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Oral Function ◽  
Nutritional Guidance ◽  
Japanese Older Adults

Background: The aim of this prospective cohort study was to clarify changes in physical and oral function in older adults after completing a 3-month health program combining physical and oral exercise, oral health instruction, and nutritional guidance. Methods: Subjects were 34 women aged at least 70 years (mean age 79.2 years) in Bungotakada City, Oita Prefecture, Japan. Physical and oral function was investigated on the first day (baseline), at the end of the program, and 6 and 12 months after completing the health program. Physical function was measured using handgrip strength test, timed up and go (TUG) test and one-leg standing time test. Oral diadochokinesis test and repetitive saliva swallowing test (RSST) were employed to assess oral function. Results: TUG scores were significantly lower at 6 and 12 months than at baseline in participants aged ≥70 and <80 years. The repetition rate of the monosyllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ was improved at the end of program in participants aged ≥70 and <80 years and increased to more than 6 times/second at 12 months. Conclusions: Our 3-month health program maintained improvements in oral and physical function in older women 1 year after completing the program.

scholarly journals Effect of a common UMOD variant on kidney function, blood pressure, cognitive and physical function in a community-based cohort of older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Elizabeth Villagomez Fuentes ◽  
Engi Abdel–Hady Algharably ◽  
Sarah Toepfer ◽  
Maximilian König ◽  
Ilja Demuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Timed Up And Go

AbstractIn genome-wide association studies, genetic variants in the UMOD gene associate with kidney function, blood pressure (BP), and hypertension. Elevated BP is linked to kidney function and impaired cognitive as well as physical performance in later life. We investigated the association between UMOD rs4293393–A > G and kidney function, BP, cognitive and physical function in the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE–II). Data of 1556 older BASE–II participants (mean age 68.2 ± 3.7 years) were analyzed. BP was determined by standardized automated measurements, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by CKD Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine equation. Cognitive function was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination and Digit Symbol Substitution Test, while physical function by Handgrip Strength and Timed Up and Go-Test. Association analyses were performed by covariance and logistic regression models adjusting for sex. G–allele carriers at UMOD rs4293393 exhibited significantly higher eGFR values compared to non–carriers (AA, 76.4 ml/min/1.73 m², CI: 75.7–77.2 vs. AG, 78.4 ml/min/1.73 m², CI: 77.3–79.5 vs. GG, 78.5 ml/min/1.73 m², CI: 75.4–81.7; P = 0.010), and a lower risk of eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (AG, OR: 0.63, CI: 0.41–0.97, P = 0.033). However, UMOD rs4293393 genotypes were not associated with BP, diagnosis of hypertension or cognitive and physical function parameters. Our data corroborate previous findings on the association of UMOD rs4293393-G with better kidney function in older adults. However, no association between UMOD and BP or physical and cognitive parameters in these community-dwelling older adults was detected.

Executive Function and Physical Function Among Community-Dwelling Egyptian Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 1583-1589
Author(s):  
Salma M.S. El Said ◽  
Nermien N. Adly ◽  
Samia A. Abdul-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Scientific Debate

Background: The ongoing scientific debate regarding the association between physical function and cognitive impairment has focused mainly on global cognitive performance rather than specific cognitive functions tests and the importance of recognition of its associations and any factors that could play a role later in the prevention of such decline. Objective: This study examined the association between physical function, using handgrip strength (HGS) and Timed Up-and-Go test (TUGT), and executive function (EF), using Clock Drawing Test (CDT), among community-dwelling Egyptian elderly. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 social clubs in Cairo, Egypt and included a sample of 136 elderly males and females aged≥55 years old. All participants had their physical function assessed using TUGT, and measurement of HGS using a pneumatic hand-held dynamometer. Assessment of EF using CDT was also done. Results: Higher CDT scores were significantly associated with both better HGS, and lower TUGT (OR = 3.77, and 0.65 respectively). This persisted even after adjustment for age and gender (OR = 2.56, and 0.71 respectively) and after further adjustment for weight, systolic blood pressure, education, smoking, hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism, and physical activity (O.R. = 4.79, and 0.76 respectively). Adjustment for both male and female genders showed an association between physical (HGS and TUGT) and EF was stronger among men. Conclusion: A strong association between CDT score and both of HGS and TUGT was found among the studied sample. Higher HGS and lower TUGT was significantly associated with better performance in the CDT. This association is stronger in males than in females for both HGS and TUGT.

scholarly journals Association between Dietary Habits and Physical Function in Brazilian and Italian Older Women

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélio J. Coelho-Junior ◽  
Riccardo Calvani ◽  
Anna Picca ◽  
Ivan O. Gonçalves ◽  
Francesco Landi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Brazilian Sample

The present study investigated and compared the patterns of dietary protein intake and physical function in Brazilian and Italian older women. Seventy-five Brazilian older women were recruited in a community senior center. Fifty-three age-matched Italian older women were selected from participants of the Longevity check-up (Lookup) 7+ study. In both samples, physical performance was evaluated by isometric handgrip strength (IHG) and five-time sit-to-stand (5 × STS) tests, while diet was assessed through 24-h recall. Results indicated that Brazilian women had a higher intake of plant-based protein (52.7% vs. 30.5% kcal), while Italian women consumed greater amounts of animal-derived protein (29.7% vs. 41.5% kcal). In Brazilian women, the binary logistic regression analysis indicated that body weight-adjusted protein consumption was associated with IHG adjusted by body mass index and with 5 × STS performance. In the Italian sample, the intake of isoleucine, leucine, and valine was significantly associated with 5 × STS performance. Our findings indicate that Brazilian and Italian community-dwelling older women show different patterns of protein intake, with higher consumption of plant-based protein in the Brazilian sample and higher ingestion of animal-derived protein in the Italian subgroup. These dietary patterns may differentially impact the relationship between physical function and protein intake observed in Brazilian and Italian older women.

scholarly journals Frailty, Physical Fitness and Quality of Life: a comparison between Physically Frail and Robust Older Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (Avance Online) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Castillo De-Lima ◽  
Ricardo Aurélio Carvalho Sampaio ◽  
Hélio José Coelho-Junior ◽  
Carolina Mie Kawagosi Onodera ◽  
Marzo Edir Da Silva-Grigoletto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Leaving Home ◽  
Calidad De Vida

Abstract Objective: The aim of the study was to compare physical fitness, quality of life and domains of frailty between physically frail and robust older women, whose was classified by the physical domain from Kihon Checklist. Method: One hundred and thirty-two community-dwelling older women participated in the study (68.5 ± 6.1 years). Data were collected through questionnaires (sociodemographic, Kihon Checklist, Short Form-8 items) and physical and functional tests. Results: Most frail older women lived alone (P<0.01), had lower frequency of leaving home weekly (P<0.03) and reported a greater history of fall events compared to the robust ones (P<0.01). In addition, physically frail older women presented lower performance in handgrip strength, walking speed usual and maximum, and Timed Up and Go. In addition, they had worst results in other domains of frailty (i.e., instrumental activities of daily living, oral condition, socialization, cognition) as well as a lower quality of life. Older women leaving home in a lower frequency and living alone may present an increase of emotional issues and, occasionally, a decrease of the quality of life. Conclusion: Physical frail older women leaving home less present lower muscle strength and power and, a combination of frailties besides the physical one. Resumen Objetivo: Comparar la aptitud física, la calidad de vida y los dominios de fragilidad entre ancianos físicamente frágiles y robustos, clasificados por el dominio físico del Kihon Checklist. Método: Mujeres ancianas de la comunidad participaron del estudio (n=132; 68.5 ± 6.1 años). Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de cuestionarios (sociodemográfico, Kihon Checklist, Short Form-8) y pruebas físicas y funcionales. Resultados: La mayoría de las ancianas frágiles vivían solas (P <0.01), presentaron menor frecuencia para salir de casa semanalmente (P <0.03) y sufrieron mayor número de caídas en comparación a las robustas (P <0.01). Las personas de edad avanzada físicamente frágiles presentaron un menor desempeño en la fuerza de prensión manual, velocidad de caminata usual y máxima y en el test Timed Up and Go. Además, presentaron resultados peores en otros ámbitos de fragilidad (actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria, condición oral, socialización, cognición), así como una menor calidad de vida. Las ancianas que salen de casa con menor frecuencia y viven solas pueden presentar un aumento de problemas emocionales y, ocasionalmente, una disminución de la calidad de vida. Conclusión: Ancianas físicamente frágiles, que salen menos de casa, presentan menor fuerza y potencia muscular junto a otros ámbitos de fragilidad. Resumo Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a aptidão física, qualidade de vida e os domínios de fragilidade entre idosas fisicamente frágeis e robustas, classificadas pelo dominio físico do Kihon Checklist. Método: Cento e trinta e duas idosas da comunidade participaram do estudo (68.5 ± 6.1 anos). Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários (sociodemográfico, Kihon Checklist, Short Form-8) e testes físicos e funcionais. Resultados: A maioria das idosas frágeis moravam sozinhas (P <0.01), apresentaram menor frequência ao sair de casa semanalmente (P <0.03) e relataram maior histórico de quedas em comparação às robustas (P <0.01). Além disso, as idosas fisicamente frágeis apresentaram menor desempenho na força de preensão manual, velocidade de caminhada usual e máxima, Timed Up and Go. Em adição a isto, apresentaram resultados agravados em outros domínios da fragilidade (atividades instrumentais da vida diária, condição oral, socialização, cognição), bem como uma menor qualidade de vida. Idosas que saem de casa com menor frequência e moram sozinhas podem apresentar um acréscimo de problemas emocionais e, ocasionalmente, uma diminuição da qualidade de vida. Conclusão: Idosas físicamente frágeis, que saem menos de casa, apresentam menor força e potência muscular, e uma combinação do domínio físico com outros domínios da fragilidade.

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