INDIGENOUS LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN EGBA ZONE OF OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
A. AGBELEMOGE ◽  
I. A. ADESOPE

This study assessed the management of indigenous livestock in Egba zone of Ogun State using one hundred and forty four farmers and twenty Village Extension Agents. Data were collected with interview schedule and questionnaire respectively. The study revealed that indigenous livestock farmers were of average age of 48 years, mostly (77.8%) native of these communities sampled and literate (63.2%), more female (58.3%) and they were not cosmopolite (83.3%). Poultry, sheep and goats are mostly kept by indigenous livestock farmers, followed by cattle and pig, snail and rabbit by a few farmers. Most (66.7%) farmers raised their livestock on free range while few provided feeding and housing for their animals. Local materials were used for feeding, housing, and ethno-veterinary care for animals. Livestock farmers earned an average of twenty one thousand seven hundred and fifty naira monthly from their animals. The materials livestock farmers used included pawpaw seeds for deworming, lime and sandpaper leaf to control lice, sulphur, lime and palm oil to control mange; Iyeye leaves [Spondia mombin] for treatment of diarrhea in ruminants. Communication methods used in the diffusion of ethno-veterinary practices were town criers, traditional songs and festivals, folk tales, use of signs and symbols, life dramas and face-to-face interpersonal media while the sources of information were extension agents, community leaders, fellow farmers, neighbours, livestock traders, and farmers` union. Most important information came from fellow farmers. Indigenous livestock farmers should be involved in research and extension planning and regular visits to farmers by village extension agents is recommended.  

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 1950038 ◽  
Author(s):  
RONEN HAREL ◽  
DAFNA SCHWARTZ ◽  
DAM KAUFMANN

The study findings show that the utilization of open innovation (OI) tools is effective in promoting innovation in small businesses. The study differentiated between OI tools aimed at acquiring knowledge in a unidirectional manner from external open sources of information such as Internet searches for professional information or attending professional conferences, and OI tools aimed at obtaining knowledge by interacting with other factors in the business ecosystem. Interestingly, it was found that utilization of unidirectional OI tools contributes more to the level of product innovation, while utilization of networking and external collaboration contributes more to levels of process and marketing innovation, respectively. In addition, the study clarified that these businesses maintain connections to promote innovation mainly with entities in their closest business environment, based on commercial relationships with their suppliers and customers. The empirical study was conducted through face-to-face interviews on a sample of 202 small businesses in the industry and craft sectors. The theoretical contribution of the research stems from its focus on a group of businesses that has rarely been the focus of studies on innovation. The use of face-to-face interviews as a research tool facilitated the attainment of knowledge that is generally not readily accessible. The study may contribute in a practical manner to assisting small businesses in the development and implementation of appropriate OI tools for promoting innovation and enable them to reach beyond their closest business environment.


Author(s):  
Kristin Wiens ◽  
Kelly Anne Erdman ◽  
Megan Stadnyk ◽  
Jill A. Parnell

Purpose:To evaluate dietary supplement use in young Canadian athletes, their motivation for consuming supplements, and their sources of information.Methods:A questionnaire tested for content validity and reliability was administered to 567 athletes between the ages of 11 and 25 years from the Canadian athletic community in face-to-face meetings. Demographics and sport variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Fisher’s exact tests were used to examine dietary supplementation patterns and sources of information regarding dietary supplement use between categories of gender, age, sport type, and competition level.Results:Ninety-eight percent of athletes were taking at least one dietary supplement. Males were more likely to consume protein powder, energy drinks, recovery drinks, branched chain amino acids, beta-alanine, and glutamine (p < .01); supplements typically associated with increased muscle mass. Athletes 11–17 years old focused on vitamin and mineral supplements; whereas, athletes 18–25 years old focused on purported ergogenic supplements. Strength training athletes were more likely to consume creatine, glutamine, and protein powders (p < .02). Reasons for supplement use included to stay healthy, increase energy, immune system, recovery, and overall performance. Primary sources of information were family and friends, coaches, and athletic trainers; with 48% of athletes having met with a dietitian. Preferred means of education included individual consultations, presentations, and the internet.Conclusions:The majority of young athletes are using dietary supplements with the belief they will improve performance and health; however, may not always have reliable information. Educational programs using individual consultations and electronic media are recommended for this demographic.


1989 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic W. Massaro

AbstractThis book is about the processing of information in face-to-face communication when a speaker makes both audible and visible information available to a perceiver. Both auditory and visual sources of information are evaluated and integrated to achieve speech perception. The evaluation of the information source provides information about the strength of alternative interpretations, rather than just all-or-none categorical information, as claimed by “categorical perception” theory. Information sources are evaluated independently; the integration process insures that the least ambiguous sources have the most influences on the judgment. Similar processes occur in a variety of other behaviors, ranging from personality judgments and categorization to sentence interpretation and decision making. The experimental results are consistent with a fuzzy logical model of perception, positing three operations in perceptual (primary) recognition: feature evaluation, feature integration, and pattern classification. Continuously valued features are first evaluated, then integrated and matched against prototype descriptions in memory; finally, an identification decision is made on the basis of the relative goodness-of-match of the stimulus information with the relevant prototype descriptions.


Author(s):  
AJOKE OLUWATOYIN KAYODE

The use of agro-biodiversity practices are key coping strategies in adapting to climate change. This study determined the level of use of Agro- biodiversity conservation practices, assessed the benefits of the practice and identified constraints to its use. A three- stage sampling technique was used to select 150 respondents on which a structured interview schedule was administered. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation were used for data analysis.  Results shows that the use of animal dungs and plant residues as bio-fertilizers  was common biodiversity practice among farmers. 82.5% of the farmers were in the low level of use of these practices.  Constraints such as high cost of production lack of awareness of the use of these practices, were major constraints to the use of biodiversity practices. Age, years of schooling years of farming experience were significantly related to level of usage of Agro biodiversity practices. The study concludes that the level of use of Agro biodiversity practices among farmers was low and influenced by socioeconomic characteristics of the farmers. It recommends that government and other stake holders should provide necessary facilities for this practice. Extension agents should also sensitive farmers on the usefulness of Agro-biodiversity.  


2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijie Gong ◽  
Shirley Man Man Sit ◽  
Agnes Yuen Kwan Lai ◽  
Socrates Yongda Wu ◽  
Bonny Yee Man Wong ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Face-to-face communication has reduced amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined the associations between family communication and family wellbeing. Methods In an online survey of the Hong Kong Jockey Club SMART Family-Link Project in May 2021, 4981 Hong Kong Chinese adults (mean age 43.5 years, response rate 24.3%) reported family communication methods of face-to-face and instant messaging (IM) when the COVID-19 pandemic was severe (yes/no), communication contents that were neutral, positive, supportive, and negative (yes/no), and communication quality (0-10). The associations of family wellbeing (health, happiness, and harmony, 0-10) with communication methods and contents were examined using linear regression (β), adjusting for each other, sex, age, socioeconomic status, and number of cohabitants. The mediating effects of communication quality on these associations were examined. Prevalence estimates were weighted by sex, age and education of general population. Results 7.1% respondents reported no communication, 12.7% face-to-face only, 26.7% IM only, and 53.4% both. More communication contents were neutral (range 83.1-99.3%) than positive (42.1-62.2%), supportive (37.5-54.8%), and negative (10.9-34.5%). Communication quality was highest in using both methods (6.7 vs 4.5-6.6, all P≤0.02). Better family wellbeing was associated with using IM only (adjusted β: 0.37) and both methods (0.37) than face-to-face only and with positive (0.62) and supportive (0.45) contents (all P≤0.001). Communication quality mediated 35.2-93.5% of these associations. Conclusions Better family wellbeing was associated with IM and face-to-face communication and their contents, partly through communication quality. Key messages Family IM communication with positive and supportive contents may enhance family wellbeing amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.


Author(s):  
Islam Youssry Elhadky ◽  
Abdul Rahman Bin Chik

ملخص البحث: هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد الحاجات اللغوية للعاملين بالمجال الدبلوماسي، وفي سبيل ذلك استخدم الباحثان أداتين هما المقابلة الشخصية والاستبانة، هدفت المقابلة مع بعض العاملين بالمجال الدبلوماسي إلى الوقوف على طبيعة ذلك العمل؛ أما الاستبانة فكانت لجمع آراء العاملين حول الحاجات اللغوية بجانبيها اللغوي والثقافي. تكونت الاستبانة من (38) بنداً على مقياس خماسي، (24) يتعلق بالجوانب اللغوية، و (12) بالجوانب الثقافية وسؤالين عن لغة مصادر المعلومات المفضلة والمستوى اللغوي ذي الأولوية (الفصحى أم العامية). قام الباحثان بتوزيع الاستبانة على عينة قصدية تكونت من (41) شخصاً من العاملين بالمجال الدبلوماسي تنوعت مناصبهم وجنسياتهم ولغاتهم الأم. توصل التحليل إلى قائمة نهائية تتضمن (16) حاجة لغوية ذات أهمية عالية وحاجتين مهمتين فقط، وحول أهمية المهارات اللغوية بالنسبة للعاملين في المجال الدبلوماسي جاءت مهارة التحدث في الصدارة تلتها مهارة الاستماع، ثم القراءة ثم الفهم الثقافي للمجتمع ثم مهارة الكتابة. وفي الجانب الثقافي جاءت (8) حاجات ذات أهمية عالية جداً و(3) حاجات مهمة فقط. وحول مصادر المعلومات المفضلة لمعرفة أخبار الدولة المضيفة جاءت المصادر الصادرة بلغة البلاد المحلية (71,8%)، كما جاءت اللغة الفصحى للدولة المضيفة ذات أولوية (79,5%) عن اللهجات العامية. الكلمات المفتاحية: تعليم العربية-أغراض خاصة–الدبلوماسيين–الحاجات اللغوية–تحليل الحاجات.   Abstract: This study aimed to determine the language needs of people working in diplomatic service. To achieve this, the two researchers used two research tools: face-to-face interview and questionnaire. The interview with some of the diplomatic workers was aimed at understanding the nature of that work; the questionnaire was to gather the diplomats’ opinions about language needs from two aspects: linguistic and cultural. The questionnaire consists of 38 items on a scale of 1 to 5, 24 items regarding linguistic aspects, (12) cultural aspects, two questions about the preferred language of information sources and language-level priority (standard or colloquial). The researchers distributed the questionnaire to the target group “purposive sample” consisting of 41 people from diplomatic field in   various positions, nationalities and mother tongues. The analysis concluded that there were  founded 16 linguistic needs of high importance, and 2 only two important needs., Concerning the importance of language skills for people working in diplomatic service  it was founded that conversation came first, followed by, listening, reading comprehension, cultural knowledge, and writing skills  in that order. In the cultural aspect there were 8 needs with very high importance and (3) needs with were rated as important only. As the standard language of the host country 79.5% considered it of higher priority than dialects, while 71.8% chose the preferred sources of information about the host country in the local language.   Key words: Teaching Arabic as - specific purposes - diplomats - linguistic needs - needs analysis . Abstrak: Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan keperluan bahasa kakitangan perkhidmatan diplomatik. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, penyelidik menggunakan dua alat penyelidikan: temuduga bersemuka dan boring kaji selidik. Temuduga dengan para kakitangan diplomat bertujuan untuk memahami selok-belok kerja mereka manakala borang kaji selidik pula adalah untuk mengumpul pendapat mereka tentang keperluan bahasa mereka daripada dua aspek: linguistic dan budaya. Borang kaji selidik mengandungi 38 item berskala daripada 1 ke 5; 24 daripadanya adalah tentang aspek linguistik, 12 aspek budaya, dua soalan tentang sumber bahasa pilihan dan tahap keutamaan bahasa (rasmi atau pasar). Borang kaji selidik diagihkan kepada kumpulan sasar yang terdiri daripada 41 orang dalam perkhidmatan diplomatik yang menjawat pelbagai jawatan, warganegara dan bahasa ibunda. Analisa mendapati 16 keperluan bahasa berkepentingan tinggi, dan hanya 2 berkepentingan biasa. Berkenaan kepentingan kemahiran bahasa kepada kakitangan sector diplomatik, kemahiran bertutur di tempat pertama diikuti oleh kemahiran mendengar, membaca, pengetahuan budaya dan akhirnya kemahiran menulis. 8 keperluan terhadap pengetahuan budaya pula diberikan tahap amat penting manakala 3 lagi diberikan kadar ‘penting’. 79.5% menganggap bahasa rasmi adalah lebih penting daripada dialek, manakala 71.8% memilih bahasa tempatan negara mereka berkhidmat sebagai sumber maklumat.   Kata kunci: Mengajar Bahasa Arab – keperluan khas – diplomat – keperluan bahasa – analisa keperluan.


Author(s):  
Boemo N. Jorosi ◽  
Goitsemang G. Isaac

The study investigated the teaching of information literacy skills in select Junior Community Secondary Schools (CJSS) situated in the city of Gaborone, Botswana. Data were gathered from a sample of ten teacher librarians via face-to-face interviews with the aid of a five-question interview schedule. The key findings of the study were: (1) respondents had varying interpretations of. what constituted information literacy skills, (2) a variety of skills were taught under the rubric information literacy skills; (3) by and large, the teaching of information literacy skills was done by teacher-librarians and subject librarians, (4) the main approaches in teaching information literacy skills involved library orientation and the use of the English Language Period, and (5) respondents cited the three challenges, namely, the absence of an office dedicated to school libraries, an exam oriented curriculum and shrinking financial resources.


Author(s):  
Shiva Shiva ◽  
Syed H. Mazhar ◽  
Dipak Kumar Bose

Socio-economic profile of farmers based on content and frequency of messages being disseminated through ICT tools was studied. ICT plays an important role among the farmers in the village of Pusa block as a source of keeping them updated and connected. The data has been collected from 120 farmers using ICT tools through face to face interview. Descriptive research design was followed for the study. The selection of block and villages was done purposively and randomly as per the ICT users. The study concludes that role of ICTs in agriculture development was influenced by content of information and the respondents age, caste, education, size of family, family type, social participation, family annual income, sources of information and size of land holding, high and medium level of knowledge about agricultural activities among farmers through ICT tools.


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