scholarly journals Sandy soils of forest landscapes of the Amur-Zeya Plain

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (47) ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Shevchuk ◽  
Elena Sukhacheva ◽  
Alexander Ryumin ◽  
Olga Volina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Soil Morphology ◽  
Amur Basin ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
Mineral Substance ◽  
Basin Region

Historically, soils of the Cambisol group have been recognized as zonal soils of the Upper Amur Basin Region. However, the wide distribution in the territory of the Amur-Zeya Plain of forest soils of light granulometric composition that were formed on loose sedimentary deposits makes it possible to identify an area of Arenosols and Podzols, for the first time described within the study area. The common features in the researched soils are a well-structured thin humus horizon and quartzfeldsparic mineralogical composition causing low intensity of the processes of weathering and metamorphism of mineral substance. The initial stages of biochemical weathering of mineral matter are diagnosed in soils of the Humic Arenosol subgroup. The most intensive processes of weathering and metamorphism of mineral matter are diagnosed in the middle horizons of the Rubic Arenosol group, which is associated with the formation of seasonal frost and the associated cycles of freezing-thawing of the soil profile. In the soils of the Entic Podzol subgroup, the process of iron illuviation is diagnosed, with formation of the maximum accumulation in the lower part of the soil profile at the boundary with the soil-forming rock. Keywords: FOREST SOILS, NEOGENIC SANDS, SOIL MORPHOLOGY, THE UPPER AMUR BASIN REGION

A SUB-TILL SAPROLITE AND THE OVERLYING SOIL PROFILE NEAR MOUNT ORFORD, SOUTHERN QUEBEC

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. DE KIMPE ◽  
M. R. LAVERDIÈRE ◽  
P. LASALLE
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Magnetic Mineral ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
Extractable Al

A saprolite deposit and the overlying soil profile developed in a glacial diamicton were sampled near Mount Orford, Southern Quebec. The two materials differed mainly by the magnetic mineral and extractable Al contents, by the Fedithionite/Feoxalate ratio and by the mineralogical composition. Illite and chlorite were the dominant clay minerals in the till whereas muscovite and kaolinite were the major minerals in the saprolite. A comparison was also made with another previously described saprolite deposit 4 km away from this one, in which chlorite was slightly transformed to smectite. It is suggested, from the mineral assemblages, that the two saprolites have probably formed at different times, the first one during Tertiary and the second one during an interglacial stage. Key words: Saprolite, glacial diamicton, kaolinite, muscovite, Tertiary alteration

Effects of compaction on aeration and morphology of boreal forest soils in Alberta, Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
A D Startsev ◽  
D H McNabb
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Soil Morphology ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Soil Aeration ◽  
Poor Soil

Poor soil aeration is a factor limiting the productivity of boreal forests in western Canada. Soil compaction reduces air-filled porosity, which is hypothesized to further restrict soil aeration. Soil morphology at nine clearcut sites in west-central Alberta that had been significantly compacted by ground-based harvesting equipment and soil in an adjacent non-trafficked control were related to air-filled porosity and redox regimes. A warm-season air-filled porosity of about 0.1 m3 m-3 separated soils having adequate or restricted aeration, and was confirmed by redox < 200 mV. The values applied to both the undisturbed and compacted soil. Ratios of Feo:Fed and acid-soluble Fe:Mn in concretions were only associated with hydromorphism of undisturbed soil. Compaction reduced soil aeration for 3–4 yr after harvesting, and changed morphology of moderately well-drained soil to imperfectly drained soil at two of four sites; faster removal of water because of slope or vegetation probably prevented changes at the other two sites. Morphology of better and poorer drained soils was not altered by compaction because they either remain adequately aerated or aeration was naturally restricted. Sites with moderately well-drained soils are most at risk of detrimental soil compaction and in need of protective measures to maintain their productivity in these forests. Key words: Soil morphology, drainage class, air-filled porosity, soil aeration, redox potential, boreal forest soils, compaction

scholarly journals Soil Layers Properties of a Profile Developed on the Past Depositional Series on Merbabu Volcano Central Java Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nurcholis ◽  
Susila Herlambang ◽  
Sri Aminah Suwartikaningsih ◽  
Dian Fiantis ◽  
Dwi Fitri Yudiantoro
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Morphology ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Sand Fraction ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Black Color

A wide and deep soil profile (around 1200 cm) was observed at Ketep Park West Slope of Merbabu volcano Central Java, Indonesia to identify the soil morphology, physical and, chemical and mineralogical properties.  Results showed that several soil development processes occurred in each volcanic deposits with different characteristics.  Most soil layers met some of andic soil properties criteria such bulk density <0.9 g.cm-3, P retention of >85%, and (Alo + ½ Feo) >2.0%.  A thin melanic material showing black color layer was found at the lower part of the soil profile, i.e. in depth from 726 to 798 cm.  The dominant material in most soil layers is an allophane.  Minerals in the sand fraction were dominated by labradorite and augite, with some layers were hypersthene and green hornblende.

scholarly journals Variations of soil profile characteristics due to varying time spans since ice retreat in the inner Nordfjord, western Norway

Solid Earth ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 485-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Navas ◽  
K. Laute ◽  
A. A. Beylich ◽  
L. Gaspar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Grain Size Distribution ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Western Norway ◽  
Ice Retreat ◽  
Profile Characteristics

Abstract. In the Erdalen and Bødalen drainage basins located in the inner Nordfjord in western Norway the soils were formed after deglaciation. The climate in the uppermost valley areas is sub-arctic oceanic, and the lithology consists of Precambrian granitic orthogneisses on which Leptosols and Regosols are the most common soils. The Little Ice Age glacier advance affected parts of the valleys with the maximum glacier extent around AD 1750. In this study five sites on moraine and colluvium materials were selected to examine main soil properties, grain size distribution, soil organic carbon and pH to assess if soil profile characteristics and patterns of fallout radionuclides (FRNs) and environmental radionuclides (ERNs) are affected by different stages of ice retreat. The Leptosols on the moraines are shallow, poorly developed and vegetated with moss and small birches. The two selected profiles show different radionuclide activities and grain size distribution. The sampled soils on the colluviums outside the LIA glacier limit became ice-free during the Preboral. The Regosols present better-developed profiles, thicker organic horizons and are fully covered by grasses. Activity of 137Cs and 210Pbex concentrate at the topsoil and decrease sharply with depth. The grain size distribution of these soils also reflects the difference in geomorphic processes that have affected the colluvium sites. Significantly lower mass activities of FRNs were found in soils on the moraines than on colluviums. Variations of ERN activities in the valleys were related to characteristics of soil mineralogical composition. These results indicate differences in soil development that are consistent with the age of ice retreat. In addition, the pattern distribution of 137Cs and 210Pbex activities differs in the soils related to the LIA glacier limits in the drainage basins.

scholarly journals Simulation of the influence of rainfall redistribution in spruce and beech forest on the leaching of Al and SO4 2- from forest soils

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonín Nikodem ◽  
Radka Kodešová ◽  
Libuše Bubeníčková
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Initial Content ◽  
Soil Units ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the impact of different vegetation on the distribution of rainfall (due to throughfall and stemflow), water regime, and Al and SO4 2- leaching from forest soils. The water flow and Al and SO4 2- transport were modeled using HYDRUS-1D. The study was performed at two elevation transects on the Paličník and Smědava Mountain in Jizera mountains. Podzols and Cambisols were prevailing soil units in this area. It was shown that the effect of the precipitation redistribution on water regime was considerable in the beech forest, while it was almost negligible in the spruce forest. Redistribution of precipitation under trees caused runoff (in one case), increased water discharge through the soil profile bottom, reduction of water storage in the soil, and thus reduction of root water uptake. Simulated Al leaching from the soil profile was determined mainly by the initial Al content in the soil profile bottom. Leaching of SO4 2- was mainly determined by its initial content in the soil and to a lesser extent by redistributed precipitation and SO4 2- deposition.

scholarly journals Diagnostics and Soil Forming Characteristics of Alluvial-Meadow Soils of Ganykh-Ayrichay Valley, Azerbaijan

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Vilayat Gasanov ◽  
Bahadur Ismailov
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Nitrogen Base ◽  
Forming Characteristics ◽  
Soil Units ◽  
Alluvial Meadow

This study is devoted to the influence of ecological conditions on soil forming and improving the nomenclature of alluvial-meadow-forest soils in the flood plains of the subtropical forest-shrubby zone within Azerbaijan. On the basis of detailed soil mapping, the primary areal of soil units and the structure of soil cover were determined in the area of the Ganykh-Ayrichay valley. The spatial distribution of primary soil units, genetic features and diagnostic indexes (extend of bedding and development of the soil profile, thickness of the decomposedaccumulative layer, content of humus, total nitrogen, base saturation, particle size distribution, etc.) of stratified and typical suborders of alluvial-meadow-forest soils are identified. The turbidity and content of the weighted deposits of stream water is determined using regime-measurements. The weighted deposits contain a considerable amount of humus (1.2–1.8%) and its water soluble part, total nitrogen (0.09–0.13%) which significantly affects the morphogenetic diagnostics of the above described soils. The status of the humus content is characterized by a high activity, in which humic acid (15.3–20.8%) and fulvic acid (16.2–22.5%) dominate significantly, while the third fraction riches to 1.23–2.30% in the selective-group content. The ratio of Ch.a.:Cf.a. reaches to 0.88–0.93 in the leached soil profile (5.8–6.0), while reaching to 1.19–1.32 in carbonated soils (7.3–7.5). The total chemical composition of soils shows that the profile of leached soil is characterized by increasing the SiO2 (60.2–64.0%) content and sesquioxides (Al2O3=17.6–19.5%, Fe2O3=8.5–10.3%) and the carbonated suborders contain more CaO (7.1–9.2%). The active form of iron (Fe3+=182–496; Fe2+=56–123 mg 100 g soil) hints the insufficiency content in carbonated soils.

scholarly journals Soil morphogenesis diversity at the southern flank of Merapi Volcano, Indonesia five years post-eruption

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lis Noer Aini ◽  
Bambang Hendro Sunarminto ◽  
Eko Hanudin ◽  
Junun Sartohadi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Soil Morphology ◽  
Ecosystem Recovery ◽  
Merapi Volcano ◽  
Buried Soil ◽  
Southern Flank

This study aims to find out the soil morphology diversity at the southern flank of Mt.Merapi Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The field research was conducted using purposive sampling method where each site of geomorphological unit as representing of the cone, upper, middle and lower slopes of Mt.Merapi. Poligenesis of the soil morphology was observed at pedon P1 with composition of the upper and buried soil was Typic Hapludands-Typic Hapludands, P3 (Andic Eutrudepts-Vitrandic Udorthents), P4 (Vitrandic Udorthents -Typic Hapludands), and P5 (Andic Eutrudepts-Andic Eutrudepts). Whereas the monogenesis of the soil morphology was observed at pedon P2, P6, P7 and P8 with subgroups of Typic hapludands, Andic Eutrudepts, Andic Dystrodepts and Typic Udorthents, respectively. Soil morphogenesis diversity (polygenesis) shown by the presence of a pedon having more than one soil profile was not a limiting factor for crop roots growth, so the agro-ecosystem recovery process was relatively fast.

scholarly journals Prediction of the vertical scaling of soil organic carbon in temperate forest soils using percolation theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Yu ◽  
Jinping Zheng ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Chunnan Fan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Percolation Theory ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Vertical Scaling ◽  
Temperate Forest Soils

Abstract. Forest soil stores a large portion of soil organic carbon (SOC), making it one of the essential components of global carbon cycling. There is apparent spatial variability of SOC in forest soils, but the mechanism that regulates the vertical pattern of SOC is still not clear. Understanding the vertical distribution as well as the transport process of SOC can be of importance in developing comprehensive SOC models in forest soils, as well as in better estimating terrestrial carbon cycling. We propose a theoretical scaling derived from percolation theory to predict the vertical scaling of SOC with soil depth in temperate forest soils, with the hypothesis that the content of SOC along soil profile is limited by the transport of solute. The powers of the vertical scaling of 5 published datasets across different regions of the world are −0.920, −1.097, −1.196, −1.062, and −1.038, comparing with the theoretical value of −1.149. Field data from Changbai Mountain region, Jilin, China, with spatial variation of SOC correlating strongly to temperature, precipitation, and sampling slope is constrained well by theoretical boundaries predicted from percolation theory, indicating that the vertical transport so as the content of SOC along soil profile is limited by solute transport, which can be described by percolation theory in both small and large scales. Prediction of SOC content in Changbai Mountain region based on an estimated SOC content at 0.15 m from available data demonstrates a good agreement with field observation, suggesting the potential of collaborating the presented model with other surface soil models to predict SOC storage and carbon cycling in temperate forest soils.

Testing correspondence between areas with hydrated minerals, as observed by CRISM onboard MRO, and spots of enhanced subsurface water content, as found by DAN along the traverse of Curiosity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Djachkova ◽  
Igor Mitrofanov ◽  
Maxim Litvak ◽  
Denis Lisov ◽  
Sergei Nikiforov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Martian Surface ◽  
Imaging Spectrometer ◽  
Gale Crater ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hydrated Minerals ◽  
Curiosity Rover

&lt;p&gt;The Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) instrument designed to detect neutrons in order to determine hydrogen abundance in the Martian subsurface (down to 1 m deep) is successfully working onboard Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover for more than seven years. The Curiosity rover covered more than 20 km on the Martian surface and crossed a range of terrain types and geological structures of different mineralogical composition.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We investigate the possible correlation between the water equivalent hydrogen (WEH) value, as measured by DAN along the Curiosity traverse, and the presence of hydrated minerals, as observed from the orbit by Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) onboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. &amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our analysis of the WEH value from DAN measurements in Gale crater and the CRISM data, reflecting the distribution of hydrated/hydroxylated minerals on the surface of this crater, shows a confident increase of the average WEH values for the surface elements, containing certain types of minerals, in comparison with surface elements, that do not contain any of them. This increase is shown to become higher for surface with more prominent spectral features of hydrated/ hydroxylated minerals on the surface. Thus, certain types of minerals being parts of the sedimentary deposits composing Gale crater, should have considerable thickness, which is sufficient for active neutron sensing in DAN measurements. To explain the correspondence, one may assume that large blocks of certain mineral composition are distributed over the traverse, the tops of which are observed by CRISM from the Martian orbit, and the volumes of which are detectable by DAN on the Martian surface.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The bottom of the crater is thought to be a composition of a uniform regolith and sedimentary blocks of minerals with different level of hydration. The fraction of the regolith contains a standard value of WEH, about 2.6 wt.%, and the &amp;#160;fraction of minerals, provided they are there, might contribute to some increase of the mean WEH values, up to 3.8 wt.%, as they are obtained at some spots from the DAN neutron sensing.&lt;/p&gt;

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