scholarly journals ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF POLYALTHIA LONGIFOLIA (SONN.) BENTH. AND HOOK. F. AGAINST RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (No 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Meena ◽  
Tripta Jain ◽  
Kanika Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Biotechnological Application ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Polyalthia Longifolia

Phytochemicals are chemical compounds which are also called as a secondary metabolite. Different types of secondary metabolites synthesized by plants which are play important role in biotechnological application and also in antimicrobial activity. In the present study were carried out to determine in vitro the antifungal activity of alcoholic, hydroalcoholic and aqueous crude extracts of Polyalthia longifolia leaf against Rhizoctonia solani fungus. All these extracts i.e., 100% aqueous, 100% alcohol and 50% hydro alcohol used as 10mg/ml concentration with acetone solvent to control of Rhizoctonia solani. The results revealed that the extract that most effectively inhibited growth was found to be 100% alcoholic leaf extract. Finding in this study confirmed that plant extracts can be used as to develop the plant extract-based bio-formulation to control plant pathogens to reduce the dependence on the synthetic fungicides which are ecological safe and cheap.

scholarly journals Effect of Fungal Metabolites and Amendments on Mycelial Growth of Rhizoctonia Solani

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Castor Cake

Effect of Fungal Metabolites and Amendments on Mycelial Growth ofRhizoctonia SolaniA shift towards organic farming suggests amalgamation of organic resources against soil borne plant pathogens. The influence of metabolites of most ubiquitousAspergillusspp., organic amendment extracts and their combined effect withTrichoderma virenswere evaluatedin vitroagainstRhizoctonia solani.The minimum (36.1 mm) growth was attained byR. solaniin co-culture withA. niger.The maximum (42.3 mm) inhibition of mycelial growth of the test organism was observed with culture filtrate ofA. ochraceousfollowed byA. niger, A. fumigatus, A. flavusandA. terreus.Among organic amendment extractants, castor cake exhibited an additive effect on the growth ofT. virens, however, the maximum (41.8 mm) suppressive effect onR. solaniwas observed with vermicompost. With the advance in time, the effect of organic amendment extracts increased markedly. Inhibition potential of culture filtrate mixturte ofA. niger+T. virensandA. ochraceous+T. virensagainstR. solaniwas significantly higher in comparison to the other combinations.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION AND FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY ASSESMENT OF WOOD-WASTE LIQUID SMOKE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 285-291
Author(s):  
Budy Rahmat ◽  
Dedi Natawijaya ◽  
Endang Surahman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Liquid Smoke

Liquid smoke is known to contain compounds that can control plant disease pathogens. This study aims to produce wood-waste liquid smoke and determine its effectiveness as a fungicide on plant pathogens. This research was conducted in two experimental stages, namely: (i) in vitro test as a preliminary test of the effectiveness of teak waste liquid smoke at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5%; and (ii) in vivo test was arranged in randomized block design consisting of seven levels of liquid smoke concentration, namely 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6%, each of which was repeated four times. The results showed that the pyrolysis of 1 kg of wood waste was produced with the proportions of liquid smoke, charcoal and tar, respectively: 312 mL, 31 g, 367 g and the uncondensed gases. Treatment of liquid smoke in the in vivo test showed that a concentration of 1 to 2.5% liquid smoke was able to suppress the growth of the pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii 100%. The treatment of liquid smoke in the in vivo test showed an effect on inhibition of the growth diameter of fungal colonies, suppressing the disease occurance, and suppressing the lesion diameter.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Zodia (Evodia suaveolens) Leaf Extract on Pathogenic Agents Dragon Fruit Plant

Jurnal Biota ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Trio Ageng Prayitno ◽  
Nuril Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Fruit Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Agents

The use of antimicrobials from plant extracts has not been used optimally to control pathogenic agents in dragon fruit plants. The purpose of this research was to determine the antimicrobial activity of zodia (Evodia suaveolens) leaf extracts on pathogenic agents of dragon fruit plants in vitro. The research method is laboratory research with Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The antimicrobial concentrations of zodia (E. suaveolens) leaf extract used six types including 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% with four replications. The research sample was the leaf of zodia (E. suaveolens), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Fusarium oxysporum strain Malang. Test the antimicrobial activity of zodia (E. suaveolens) leaf extracts on the growth of P. aeruginosa and F. oxysporum using the disc-diffusion method and wells method. The research instrument was used the observation sheet of the diameter of inhibition zone indicated by the clear zone. The diameter of inhibition zone data were analyzed using the One Way ANOVA test. The results showed that the antimicrobial activity of zodia (E. suaveolens) leaf extract significantly inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa and F. oxysporum (P <0.05). These results recommend zodia (E. suaveolens) leaf extract as an antimicrobial agent for dragon fruit plant pathogens.

IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CYNODON DACTYLON (L.) PERS. LEAF EXTRACTS. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY BY ZONE OF INHIBITION ESTIMATION

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (04) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
S. M Pawaskar ◽  
◽  
K. C. Sasangan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity

The present study was undertaken to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial activity of the successive leaf extracts of Cynodon dactylon in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, methanol and water, against various gram positive & gram negative bacterial strains using zone of inhibition. Both Agar well diffusion method & Agar disc diffusion method were used to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy. The microorganisms used in the test were – Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, Salmonella paratyphi B, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Vibrio cholerac and Enterobacter aerogenes. Two fungal strains - Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were also tested to evaluate the antifungal potential of the said plant extract. The reference antibiotics chloramphenicol & ampicillin (antibacterial); nystatin & clotrimazole and (antifungal) were also tested against these standard microorganisms used in the assay and the results were compared with that of the plant extracts.The results of the study revealed that all the seven successive extracts of the leaf powder of Cynodon dactylon ( L.) Pers. exhibited prominent antimicrobial and antifungal activity against all microorganisms used in the study. The nonpolar extracts i.e. petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and acetone showed the most significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against all tested organisms. The petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts showing maximum inhibition in the range of 8 mm - 15 mm. This was closely followed by, acetone extract, which showed the inhibition in the range of 9 mm - 13 mm.

scholarly journals In vitro antifungal activity of Dorstenia mannii leaf extracts (Moraceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Frederick Agem Kechia ◽  
Ngo Teke Gerald ◽  
Bathelemy Ngameni ◽  
Charles Fokunang ◽  
Jean Paul Dzoyem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

scholarly journals In Vitro Assessment of Antiplasmodial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Polyalthia longifolia Leaf Extracts on Plasmodium falciparum Strain NF54

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethel Kwansa-Bentum ◽  
Kojo Agyeman ◽  
Jeffrey Larbi-Akor ◽  
Claudia Anyigba ◽  
Regina Appiah-Opong
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antimalarial Drugs ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Polyalthia Longifolia

Background. Malaria is one of the most important life-threatening infectious diseases in the tropics. In spite of the effectiveness of artemisinin-based combination therapy, reports on reduced sensitivity of the parasite to artemisinin in Cambodia and Thailand warrants screening for new potential antimalarial drugs for future use. Ghanaian herbalists claim that Polyalthia longifolia has antimalarial activity. Therefore, antiplasmodial activity, cytotoxic effects, and antioxidant and phytochemical properties of P. longifolia leaf extract were investigated in this study. Methodology/Principal Findings. Aqueous, 70% hydroethanolic and ethyl acetate leaf extracts were prepared using standard procedures. Antiplasmodial activity was assessed in vitro by using chloroquine-sensitive malaria parasite strain NF54. The SYBR® Green and tetrazolium-based calorimetric assays were used to measure parasite growth inhibition and cytotoxicity, respectively, after extract treatment. Total antioxidant activity was evaluated using a free radical scavenging assay. Results obtained showed that extracts protected red blood cells against Plasmodium falciparum mediated damage. Fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were 24.0±1.08 μg/ml, 22.5±0.12 μg/ml, and 9.5±0.69 μg/ml for aqueous, hydroethanolic, and ethyl acetate extracts, respectively. Flavonoids, tannins, and saponins were present in the hydroethanolic extract, whereas only the latter was observed in the aqueous extract. Aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts showed stronger antioxidant activities compared to the ethyl acetate extract. Conclusions/Significance. The extracts of P. longifolia have antiplasmodial properties and low toxicities to human red blood cells. The extracts could be developed as useful alternatives to antimalarial drugs. These results support claims of the herbalists that decoctions of P. longifolia are useful antimalarial agents.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus saprophyticus L-38 produces volatile 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-epoxybutane with strong inhibitory activity against Aspergillus flavus germination and aflatoxin production

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Gong ◽  
G.J. Sun ◽  
Z.Y. Zhao ◽  
Y.C. Liao ◽  
J.B. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Total Peak Area ◽  
Staphylococcus Saprophyticus

Controlling proliferation and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus is a pressing challenge for global food safety and security. Marine bacterium Staphylococcus saprophyticus strain L-38 showed excellent antifungal activity toward A. flavus in vitro and in vivo. In sealed, non-contact confrontation assays, L-38 completely inhibited conidial germination and mycelial growth of A. flavus through the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-epoxybutane (3-DE) as the most abundant VOC (32.61% of total peak area, 78% matching). Exposure of A. flavus cultures to synthetic 3-DE similarly demonstrated strong inhibition of growth. Moreover, culture of L-38 in a sealed chamber with maize or peanuts artificially inoculated with A. flavus, at high water activity, resulted in significant inhibition of A. flavus germination and aflatoxin biosynthesis. Scanning electron microscopy of these samples revealed severe damage to conidial cells and hyphae compared to samples not exposed to L-38. L-38 also showed broad and effective antifungal activity toward eight other phytopathogenic fungi including Aspergillus niger, Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium graminearum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria alternata, Monilinia fructicola, and Botrytis cinerea. This work introduces S. saprophyticus L-38 as a potential biocontrol agent and demonstrates the efficacy of the volatile 3-DE in the control of A. flavus and other destructive plant pathogens for post-harvest food safety.

Antifungal activity of extracts from endophytic fungi associated with Smallanthus maintained in vitro as autotrophic cultures and as pot plants in the greenhouse

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1202-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz H. Rosa ◽  
Nurhayat Tabanca ◽  
Natascha Techen ◽  
Zhiqiang Pan ◽  
David E. Wedge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Smallanthus Sonchifolius ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Fungal Assemblages ◽  
Pot Plants

The endophytic fungal assemblages associated with Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp.) H. Rob. and Smallanthus uvedalius (L.) Mack. ex Small growing in vitro autotrophic cultures and in the greenhouse were identified and evaluated for their ability to produce bioactive compounds. A total of 25 isolates were recovered that were genetically closely related to species of the genera Bionectria , Cladosporium , Colletotrichum , Fusarium , Gibberella , Hypocrea , Lecythophora , Nigrospora , Plectosphaerella , and Trichoderma . The endophytic assemblages of S. sonchifolius presented a greater diversity than the group isolated from S. uvedalius and demonstrated the presence of dominant generalist fungi. Extracts of all fungi were screened against the fungal plant pathogens. Ten extracts (41.6%) displayed antifungal activities; some of them had a broad antifungal activity. The phylotypes Lecythophora sp. 1, Lecythophora sp. 2, and Fusarium oxysporum were isolated from in vitro autotrophic cultures and displayed antifungal activity. The presence of bioactive endophytic fungi within S. sonchifolius and S. uvedalius suggests an ecological advantage against pathogenic attacks. This study revealed reduced numbers of endophytes in association with both Smallanthus species in controlled cultivation conditions compared with the endophytic communities of hosts collected in the wild environments. Even as reduced endophytic communities, these fungi continue to provide chemical protection for the host.

Antifungal activity of leaf extracts from South African trees against plant pathogens

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1529-1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Mahlo ◽  
L.J. McGaw ◽  
J.N. Eloff
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
South African ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Leaf Extracts
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