Physicochemical and sensorial characterization of yacon mixed juice with bioactive properties

ABSTRACT: This study developed a palatable, acceptable, and functional mixed juice of pineapple (Ananas comosus var. Comosus), passion fruit (Passiflora edulis flavicarpa degener), and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius), with enhanced bioactive and prebiotic compounds. The ideal proportion of fruit and yacon was derived after planning a mixture with six formulations and by evaluating their bioactive compounds and organic acid profile. The best formulation sensory evaluation was performed by the Just-About-Right test (JAR) and global acceptance. The chosen mixed juice (M6 - 30% pineapple, 45% passion fruit, and 30% yacon) presented results that showed elevated levels of antioxidant activity (82.5% DPPH* inhibition), carotenoids (0.97 mg.100g-1), and total polyphenols (70.28 mg.100g-1). Total flavonols (23.95 mg.100g-1), total anthocyanins (1.37 mg.100g-1), gallic acid (3.13 μg.mL-1), quercetin (2.25 μg.mL-1), syringic acid (1.01 μg.mL-1), citric acid (949.30 mg.100g-1), malic acid (140.35 mg.100g-1), and 0.58% of dietary fiber were also reported. Sensorially, consumers perceived high acidity, strong flavor, and a fibrous texture, which might have affected the global acceptance of the juice (6.0). Results indicated the feasibility of obtaining a functional and palatable mixed juice using yacon.

Antidiabetes Serbuk Umbi Tanaman Yakon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) pada Kadar Gula Darah Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus)

The routine and long-term use of oral antidiabetic drugs in DM patients can make the public's perception worried about the side effects of the drug. In the Yakon (SS) plant tuber there is Fructooligosacaraide (FOS) which can reduce blood sugar levels. The research objective was to determine the effect of Yakon plant tubers on blood sugar levels in white rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus model. This type of research was experimental with a pre-post test design with control-group design. Independent variable, administration of Yakon plant tuber powder, dependent variable, blood glucose levels. The sample was divided into 2 groups (dose 1, dose 2) and a control group, each of 6 rats. The mice were given a high carbohydrate diet for 9 weeks. Treatment dose 1 (100 mg / kgBB) for 3 days. Measurement of blood sugar levels using Gluco-Dr. Data analysis used Paired Sample T-test, Independent Sample T-test, and One Way Anova. The results showed that the rats in the treatment group dose 1 experienced a decrease in the average blood sugar level of 122.83 mg / dl (p 0.002) (p 0.009). This shows that there is an effect of using Yakon plant tuber powder on blood sugar levels. The results of this study were the control group and the treatment group dose 1 (Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000, α = 0.05). Meanwhile, the comparison results showed that there was a difference between the control group and the treatment group at dose 1, Based on the above research, Yakon tubers can be used to reduce blood sugar levels.

ESTIMATIVA DA GERAÇÂO DE RESÍDUOS AGRÍCOLAS DA PLANTA YACON (SMALLANTHUS SONCHIFOLIUS)

Introdução: A biomassa lignocelulósica – materiais que apresentam lignina, celulose e hemicelulose em sua composição química – é gerada em grande quantidade no mundo e o seu aproveitamento tem despertado interesse crescente nos últimos dez anos. O Brasil possui uma enorme variedade de biomassa oriunda dos resíduos agrícolas, cujo processamento seria de grande interesse econômico. Como exemplo têm-se os resíduos provenientes das atividades agrícolas da planta yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius), que produz uma raiz tuberosa que é apreciada devido aos seus benefícios à saúde. A maior parte dos resíduos da yacon são incinerados ou destinados ao uso como forragem. A literatura é escassa de informações sobre resíduos da planta yacon. Objetivos: Deste modo, foi feito uma estimativa da geração de resíduos agrícolas da yacon a partir da área de cultivo utilizadas neste estudo. Material e métodos: O cultivo da yacon foi feito em meados de setembro de 2016 numa área rural de São José dos Pinhais – PR com dimensões de 4 m x 90 m, utilizando-se rizóforos, com espaçamento de 1 m entre linhas e 0,50 m entre plantas. A amostragem contou com a parte aérea (caules, folhas e flores) de 30 plantas, que foram coletadas manualmente em pontos aleatórios da área de cultivo. Foram estimados a quantidade de caules produzidos por hectare (em unidades) e a biomassa gerada (kg). Resultados: O caule representa a maior fração da parte aérea da planta da yacon, cerca de 74,16%, seguida das folhas (24,65%) e flores (1,19%). As plantas apresentaram em média 10 caules, pesando 1,83 kg, e as folhas e flores pesavam aproximadamente 0,61 kg e 0,03 kg, respectivamente. Foi estimado 20 mil plantas por hectare a partir dos dados coletados na área de plantio, que pode gerar quase 50 mil kg de resíduos. Conclusão: Uma vez que os resíduos orgânicos gerados diretamente nas atividades agrícolas são, geralmente, utilizados nos locais de produção como material de baixo valor comercial ou incinerados, eles podem ser fontes alternativas de insumos para outros produtos de valor econômico agregado, como para a extração de fibras de celulose, e consequentemente minimizar os impactos ambientais.

The Effect of Yacon Leaf Powder (Smallanthus Sonchifolius) on White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Blood Glucose Levels with High Sugar Diet

Maintaining a lifestyle can reduce the incidence of DM (diabetes mellitus). DM occurs due to insulin disorders so that blood glucose levels increase, which can lead to various complications. The management of blood glucose levels by activating the insulin function can be done by using natural ingredients such as the Yakon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) plant. Yakon leaves contain phenol which can reduce blood glucose. The design of this study was experimental with a pre-posttest approach with control-group design, using male and healthy white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Rats were divided into 3 groups, treatment dose 1, treatment dose 2 and control. The rats were given a high carbohydrate diet during 9 weeks to make the rats hyperglycemic. In the treatment group, dose 1 was 150 mg/kg BW, dose 2 was 300 mg kg BW, and was given for 3 days. The results showed that the rats in the treatment group dose 1 had decreased in the average blood sugar level of 114.10 mg / dl (p 0.002) and dose 2 was 105.27 mg / dl (p 0.005). This showed that there was an effect of treatments on blood sugar levels. The comparison results showed that there was a significant difference between the dose 1, the dose 2 group and the control (Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.001 (α) = 0.05). There was no significant difference in the treatment group dose 1 and treatment dose 2 (Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.693, (α) = 0.05). Yakon leaves can be used alternative to lower to control blood glucose levels in rats receiving a high-carbohydrate diet

Kombucha based synbiotic beverage using Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) as a fermentation substrate: development and sensorial analysis

Probiotic and prebiotic beverages are promoters of the growth and maintenance of healthy intestinal microbiota composition. However, a drink that gathers the therapeutic attributes of Yacon with symbiotic multiple yeast-bacteria colonies, like Kombucha, has not yet been explored and appears to be potentially beneficial for human health. The objectives of this work were to develop a low-sugar Kombucha beverage using Yacon as fermentation substrate, labelled as Yacon-Kombucha (YK), with physical-chemical properties and sensorial acceptability compatible with the traditional Sugar-Kombucha (SK). Two beverages were prepared following standard procedures and fermented for 14 days. The pH, acidity, Brix and glucose content were evaluated at days 0, 4, 7, 9 and 14. The sensorial panel used a hedonic scale of 7 points considering colour, aroma, taste and global acceptability attributes for SK and YK final product. At the end of fermentation, obtained were beverages in which YK was less acidic and had the lowest glucose content when compared to SK. The sensorial analysis revealed no significant differences between the two samples for the tested attributes, also no rejection was observed. However, the scores received for both drinks were moderate, with the Index of acceptability for SK as 75% and YK 72%. Improvements in the aroma and taste are necessary for an accessible yacon-Kombucha beverage. The development of a low-sugar synbiotic beverage was possible and it may present benefits to gut microbiota and other health properties and can be consumed by individuals with diabetes.

Preliminary Analysis of the Antidiabetic Activity of Indonesian Polyherbal Formulation

This study aims to prepare polyherbal formulations and also analyze the antidiabetic potentials of the prepared polyherbal in animals. The ethanol extracts of the leaves of <em>Smallanthus sonchifolius</em>, <em>Stevia rebaudiana, Syzygium polyanthum</em>, and <em>Camellia sinensis</em> were used in this study. The extracts of the aforementioned plants were prepared in the ratio of 2:1:1:1. The formulation was tested for antidiabetic activity <em>in vitro</em> through the inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and <em>in vivo</em> using alloxan-induced diabetes in mice. The polyherbal has an inhibitory effect with the IC₅₀ value of 26.23 μg/mL compared to acarbose (control) was 17.02 μg/mL. The diabetic animals were observed to show an obvious decline in glucose level when compared with control (P&lt; 0.001) after treatment.