Diversity and Abundance Dragonflies (Odonata) at Mount Sigogor Nature Reserve Area, Ponorogo Regency, East Java, Indonesia

Mount Sigogor Nature Reserve area is a mountainous tropical rain forest, administratively located in Pupus Village, Ngebel District, Ponorogo Regency, East Java, Indonesia. One of the main functions of this nature reserve is as a water catchment area for the villages around the nature reserve area. Water sources and flows within the Mount Sigogor Nature Reserve area have the potential as natural habitat for dragonflies. This study aims to determine the diversity and abundance of dragonflies (Odonata) in the Mount Sigogor Nature Reserve Area. The method of collecting dragonflies data used the Visual Day Flying method by recording the diversity of dragonflies species and counting the number of individuals from each observed dragonflies species. The data obtained were analyzed using the Relative abundance, Shannon-Wiener Heterogeneity Index and the frequency of Presence. The results of the research conducted showed that there were 14 species from 7 families with a total of 464 individuals. The Shannor-Wiener diversity index shows that the diversity value is H'= 1.81. Meanwhile, the presence frequency analysis showed that there were four species with a value of 100% which were classified as abundant Frequency of Presence, namely Euphaea variegata, Vestalis luctuosa, Rhinocypha anisoptera and Coeliccia membranipes.

A Cream Formulation Of Extract Of Maja Leaves (Crescentia cujete) As An Antimicrobial Against Staphylococcus aureus

Maja (Crescentia cujete L) is a plant that has medicinal properties for various diseases. Leaves of Maja contain some compounds such which are thought to have the potential to be antibacterial. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of maja leaf extract in cream dosage form and to prove the presence of Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The cream of Maja leaf extract was made into several formulations; (5, 10, 15 %) The results was the cream of Maja leaf extract was able to inhibit the growth of S. aureus with the largest inhibition zone at a concentration of 15% with an average of 11.52 ± 0.95mm. Cream formulations were evaluated physically; organoleptic was resulting F1 in brownish-green, F2 in brown, and F3 in dark brown. Homogeneity tests show that all formulations were homogeneous. The pH value of all formulations following the cosmetic standard was about 4.5 – 6.5. The standard viscosity value was between 2000 – 4000 cps. The stability test of cream preparations shows no changes in the form of low-temperature storage (4ºC), room temperature, and high temperature (40ºC), so that maja leaf extracts can be formulated in cream preparations and cream formulations

Microscopic Characterization of Keji Beling Extract (Strobilanthes crispus L.) As Herbal Medicine Studies

Keji Beling (Strobilanthes crispus L.) is one of medicinal plants in Acanthaceae family. The leaves are the part that is often used as the herbal products such as; herbs, tea and the others. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the functional groups of organic compounds, mineral content and antioxidant activity in the leaf extract of Strobilanthes crispus L. using pottery. Test analysis in research using FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRF. The result of showed the presence of CH alkenes, CH aromatic, C-O alcohol/ether/carboxylic acid/ester, C-N amine, NO2 Nitro compounds, O-H hydrogen bond alcohol /phenol and N-H amines/amides The mineral composition contained macro elements of Ca, K, P and S. While the identified micro minerals are Si, Fe, Mo, Sr, Mn, Ba, Cu, Zn, and Ni. The microscopic morphology of Strobilanthes crispus L. leaf extract is in the form of porous solid particels, thus it is to have high water solubility. The results of the antioxidant test using the DPPH method obtained an IC50 value of 19.20 ppm which is included in the group of very active antioxidants

Quality of Peanut (Arachis hypogeae L.) Kefir with Variation in Ragi Starter Concentration and Long Fermentation

One of the fermented milk products, namely kefir, is increasingly popular because it has many health benefits. Peanut juice has a high enough protein content that it can be used as a substitute for animal milk. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of peanut kefir with variations in the concentration of ragi tape inoculum and fermentation time. This research method used 3 variations in the concentration of tape yeast (1, 2 and 4%) and long fermentation time (24, 48 and 72 hours). The results showed that the highest total LAB was in 4% ragi tape inoculum with a fermentation time of 24 hours (4.4x108 cells/mL) and the lowest was in 4% tape yeast inoculum with a fermentation time of 72 hours (9.8x107 cells/mL) and total yeast between 1x104 cells/mL - 3x105 cells/mL) and alcohol produced <1%. Total acid obtained between 6% - 17.6%. The increase in total acid is proportional to the decrease in pH. The pH of the peanut kefir medium was between 3.44 - 4.12. Peanut kefir with tape yeast inoculum meets the standard requirements for fermented milk and can replace milk kefir.

Seagrass Vegetation Analysis in Jhembengan and Pasir Putih Beach, Bawean Island, East Java

Seagrass is a flowering plant that lives in coastal areas In Indonesia there are 12 species, where seagrasses are able to live at a depth of 1-90 meters, seagrass growth is influenced by several factors including the intensity of sunlight. The purpose of this study was to observe the cover, distribution, Importance Value Index (IVI) and correlation of abiotic factors with seagrass in Jhembangan Beach and White Sand on Bawean Island, East Java. The quadratic transect with 50 m length was used. Each station equipped with 3 transects with a distance of 25 m. The data collected includes the parameter of type, stand, and water quality. The data analyze use Past Program 3.15 systems. Three species of seagrass plant were collected. The total seagrass cover value was 32.6 percent at Jhembangan Beach, and 38 percent at Pasir Putih Beach. Clumped and uniform types were included in the distribution of seagrass at Jhembangan and Pasir Putih beach. The highest of important value index In Jhembangan and Pasir Putih was Thallasia hemprichii, while the association to abiotic factor such temperature, pH, salinity and DO variables are included in the good or perfect correlation with values range from 0.7 to 0.9.

Xylaria sp.; The Candle Snuff Fungus from West Java

Candle snuff fungus belongs to Xylaria group. Generally, Xylaria has a form like stick or candle or elongated fruit of shapes. Xylaria is classified into Ascomycota within Xylariaceae. This study found one species of candle-shaped mushroom in IPB Unversity. This study aimed to identified and characterized the specimen using molecular and morphological data. The specimen was collected and preservedinto FAA solution and deposited into Herbarium Bogoriense as BO 24426. Molecular analyses using Large Subunit as a region for amplification showed that the BO 24426 was classified into Xylaria sp. This species closes to Xylaria consociata. The stromata were erected, unbranched, and tapered to the apex. The texture was rigid and hard. Ascus bore 8 ascospores. The ascospores were fusiform or bean-shaped and smooth. The morphological observations supported molecular identification of BO 24426 as Xylaria sp. Other genes were needed to ensure the exact species of Xylaria

The Utilization of Juice Morinda citrifolia and Averrhoa bilimbi as a Latex Emulsifier Agent

The area of rubber land in Indonesia currently reaches 3,672,213 ha which can produce 3,229,861 tons/year. The price of rubber in Indonesia is currently cheap because of low-quality latex. The low quality of latex is caused by the large production costs, one of which is the price of latex clotting material which is relatively expensive. Therefore, this studied aims to find a good alternative to latex coagulant but at low cost. Latex clumping material used in this research were noni juice and star fruit. The treatment in this study used noni juice and star fruit juice concentration of 5 ml, 10 ml, 15 ml, and 20 ml, respectively. The results showed the weight of latex with noni emulsifying agents increased by 45.58% while the administration of star fruit juice was not much different, amounting to 45.70%. However, the final weight of latex given by the emulsifying agent in the form of star fruit was higher than Noni with the difference at the highest weight reached 4.23 grams. The fastest latex clumping time at 20 ml star fruit concentration is 1.18 minutes. Based on research results noni juice and star fruit potential as a latex clot.

Genetic Similarity of Commerson’s Anchovy across Segara Anakan Cilacap Assessed Using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers

Segara Anakan areas can be divided into three different regions according to their salinity. Salinity differences suggested that Commerson’s anchovy population in that area can be divided into three subpopulations due to genetic differences. Genetic differences among subpopulation can be assessed through a population genetic study using random amplified polymorphic DNA. This study aims to evaluate the genetic variation and differences of Commerson's anchovy (Stolephorus commersonnii) collected at three different water salinities in Segara Anakan estuary Cilacap Indonesia. Total genomic DNA was isolated using the Chelex method. Genetic diversity and differences were assessed using RAPD markers and were analyzed statistically using an analysis of molecular variance, as implemented in Arlequin software. The results showed that high genetic diversity was observed within the subpopulations. However, no significant genetic differences were observed among subpopulations which indicate genetic similarity. A high number of offspring are likely to cause high genetic variation within subpopulations. Adult and larvae migration is the cause of genetics similarity across Segara Anakan. Another impressive result is that water salinity did not affect the genetic characteristic of Commerson,s anchovy. Genetic similarity of Commerson’s anchovy indicates that Segara Anakan forms a single genetic conservation unit.

Effect of Bamboo (Bambusa sp) Shoot Liquid Organic Fertilizer On Growth of Pre-Anthesis Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) By Hydroponics

An environmentally friendly agricultural system with organic fertilizer is used to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, thus producing healthy agricultural products for consumption. Liquid organic fertilizer from bamboo shoots is an alternative substitute for chemical fertilizers in the planting of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frustescens L.) hydroponically. This study aims to determine the effect of bamboo shoot liquid organic fertilizer on hydroponic cayenne pepper pre-antithesis growth. The study was conducted at the Biology Laboratory of UIN Raden Intan Lampung, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments with 3 replications. The treatments included negative control (water), positive control (AB mix), P1 = 10%, P2 = 15%, P3 = 20%, P4 = 25% ml. The parameters include plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, plant fresh weight. Data were analyzed using One Way Anova (SPSS 17.0), followed by LSD at the 5% level. The results show the effect of treatment on all parameters. Control positive (AB mix) gave the best results on all parameters, then successively treated P4, P3, P2, P1, K0 (negative control). Although not as good as using an AB mix solution, the administration of bamboo shoots POC with a concentration of 25% can support the growth of hydroponic cayenne pre-synthesis.

Peanut Pods (Arachis hypogaea L.) In Ex-Mining Limestone Soil Enriched with Indigenous Bacteria

Pioneer plants are found in the former limestone mining area, and there are bacteria in their root systems. These bacteria can be used as biofertilizers. This study aims to find out the use of indigenous PGPR in ex-mining limestone land to be able to increase the yield of pea (Arachis hypogaea L.) var. Tuban. This research was an experimental study with 5 treatments applying indigenous PGPR at concentrations of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% and consist of 5 replications. Stages of research include planting peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) var. Tuban by adding indigenous PGPR with the same dose and source in an environment with sufficient sunlight. The parameters observed were biomass, pithy weight, empty pod weight, wet weight, dry weight, pH, and temperature of the planting medium for peanuts. In this study, the results showed that the concentration of PGPR 25% had a significant effect on the dry weight of peanuts and doesn’t had significant effect on biomass. Meanwhile, the provision of PGPR with different concentrations did not have a significant effect on the temperature and pH of the lime mining soil planting media