scholarly journals STUDY ON LIVELIHOOD DYNAMICS OF RURAL HOUSEHOLD OF MUNGELI DISTRICT OF CHHATTISGARH STATE INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Dhruw ◽  
Ajay Tegar
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Rural Household ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
The Government

The study was carried out to study the livelihood dynamics of rural household of Mungeli district of Chhattisgarh state. Two blocks namely Lormi and Mungeli were taken into consideration for the study. A total sample size of 89 farmers was made from 07 villages. The study finds that the largest participation of rural household was in the livelihood activities like agriculture (crop production) with 95.50 per cent and non-farm (construction) with 26.96 per cent. Agriculture and non-farm were identified as the main two sources of income for rural households. The participation in both the livelihood activities estimated 84.96 per cent and 12.39 per cent respectively. Crop production and horticulture (vegetable production) were the main contributors to the farm income of rural households their contribution being 62.67 per cent and 24.29 per cent. PersonalSocial services and whole sale-retail trade-small stall were the main contributors to the non-farm income of rural households their contribution being 16.99 per cent and 3.62 per cent. The degree of diversification was found to be greater with 0.56 per cent among the landless and those belonging to lower farm-size groups. Shortage of irrigation water leads to certain problems including lower yields, decrease cultivated area. Therefore, the government should form efficient and strong policies for the better management of available water resources, ensuring equal availability to every farmer.

scholarly journals Socio-economic Factors Influencing Profitability of Rice Seed Production in Selected Areas of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
MZ Hoque ◽  
ME Haque
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
The Government ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Seed is the foundation of agriculture for enhancing crop production. The economic benefits from the improved quality seed production help scaling up the livelihood standard as well as nutritional status of the common people. The study was carried out in three districts namely Jamalpur, Gazipur and Manikganj to identify the socio-economic dimensions of the government seed production project beneficiaries persuading profitability of rice seed production. Data were collected through intensive survey of randomly selected 211 sample respondents using pre-tested interview schedule. To examine the profitability of rice seed production, the gross margin and cost benefit analysis were carried out. Co-efficient of correlation and multiple stepwise regressions were employed to find out the determinants of profitability in rice seed production. Rice seed production was not found to be so profitable as investment in rice seed cultivation can produce average BCR of only up to 1.44, where highest BCR was found in Jamalpur (1.58) compared to Manikganj (1.48) and Gazipur (1.26). The results revealed that socio-economic factors have a profound influence on profitability of rice seed production as these factors combined explained 54.9 percent variation. Farm size, contact with information sources, knowledge on quality rice production and age of the respondents were identified as significant contributors in profitability of rice seed production, whereas contact with information sources was the single most influential factor (24.6%). Therefore, steps may be taken so that the seed-growers could directly be linked with more information sources dealing with seed production and marketing through the government initiatives to boost up the production as well as to ensure appropriate price of the farmers’ home grown seed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v12i1.19578 The Agriculturists 2014; 12(1) 33-40

Assessment of profitability and risk management in vegetable production in Ogun State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 029-035
Author(s):  
Akinbola Adeyose Emmanuel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Ogun State

The study examined the performance and risk management of vegetable production in Ogun State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 120 respondents for the study. Data were collected through a well-structured questionnaire and personal interview schedule. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as Ordinary Least Square (OLS) were used for the analysis of this study. The results found out that lack of discriminating pricing system, conflict in policy making, and high cost of inputs affect the market prices and as well serve as the main production risks that were observed by the farmers in the area. The average cost incurred for the production was about ₦6,908, while the total revenue accrued was ₦41,751. The gross margin and net farm income realized per production season were ₦36,973 and ₦34,843, respectively. The value (6.0) of return on investment showed that farmers realized times six of their investment. The variables such as household size, farm size, fertilizer application and equipment were the main determinants of vegetable production in the area. Also, the main challenges faced by the farmers were the infestation of pests and diseases, inadequate funds and climate change consequences. Therefore, it is recommended that the vegetable farmers should be encouraged through technical training on innovative approach to price determination and forming of functioning market structure in the area.

Farm and lender structural change: implications for federal credit

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles B. Dodson ◽  
Bruce L. Ahrendsen
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Commodity Price ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Service Agency ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Farm Credit ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Guaranteed Loans

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine changes in the structures of US farms and lenders and identify prospective implications for federal credit. Design/methodology/approach Data from US farm operations for 1996-2014 were adjusted to 2014 values using commodity price indices. Farm size groups were constructed by value of farm production to analyze changes in farm numbers, production, assets, debt, leverage, liquidity, profitability, land tenure, commodity type, contract production, organization type, and use of Farm Service Agency (FSA) direct and guaranteed loans by farm size. Bank, Farm Credit System (FCS), and FSA data from 1996 to 2015 were adjusted to 2014 values. Lender size groups were constructed to analyze changes in bank and association numbers, farm loans, and use of FSA guaranteed loans by lender size. Findings The greatest consolidation has been by farms with over $2 million in production. More farm debt is held by large, complex organizations, frequently with multiple operators, more variable income, and greater reliance on production contracts and operating and nonreal estate credit. Large farms have greater leverage, are more profitable, and have a larger share of household income from the farm. Banks and FCS institutions are fewer and larger, yet smaller institutions use FSA guarantees to a greater extent. Larger farms tend to be more reliant on both direct and guaranteed FSA loans and are likely to become more dependent on FSA credit. Originality/value Changing farm and lender structure together with softening farm income may require FSA farm loan program changes to meet any increase in loan demand. Policy alternatives are provided to meet changing demand for farm credit.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the adoption of improved vegetable production practices among women farmers in Aguata-Agricultural Zone, Anambra State, Nigeria

Agrosearch ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-81
Author(s):  
L.E. Odoemlam ◽  
F.C. Nzeakor
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Adoption Level ◽  
On Farm

The study examined the level and determinants of adoption of improved vegetable production practices in the study area. A three-stage sampling procedure was used in the selection of 160 respondents. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and Probit regression model. Results on adoption level of the selected improved vegetable production practices indicated that improved seeds had a grand mean of 𝑥̅ = 3.17, field preparation (𝑥̅ = 3.19), planting distance (𝑥̅ = 2.99), water management (𝑥̅ = 3.43), fertilizer/organic manure application (𝑥̅ = 3.55), pesticides (𝑥̅ = 2.57), harvesting ( 𝑥̅= 5.00) and storage procedure (𝑥̅ = 4.89) based on 5-point Likert scale adoption level. On factors influencing adoption of improved vegetable production practices, the result revealed that farm size (1.00188***), credit access (4.704902**), on-farm demonstration (2.900749**) and farm labour (1.295902***) had a positive and significant influence on improved vegetable production practices by the respondents. The result further indicated that the age (0.3135258***) and the off-farm income (0.0870768) of the farmers had a negative influence on the adoption of improved vegetable production practices. Based on these findings, the study revealed that the women farmers could have full adoption of the improved production practices if the factors are adequately addressed. The study therefore recommends that before the introduction of a new technology, the ADPs should ensure that maximum audience analysis is carried out to address some of the factors influencing adoption. Besides, introduction of new technologies to farmers should go hand-in-hand with on-farm demonstration since it is by that they would develop confidence and allay their fears associated with improved practices.

scholarly journals THE ISSUE OF INCOME DIVERSIFICATION AMONG RURAL FARMING HOUSEHOLDS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM KWARA STATE, NIGERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeniyi Felix Akinrinde ◽  
Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho ◽  
Israel Ogulande
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Farming Families ◽  
The Government

The rising incidences of poverty among rural farming families are the reason behind renewed interest in income diversification. This study determined the level of income diversification; identified alternative income sources; examined the reasons for diversification; and identified the constraints to diversification. A three-stage random sampling technique was used in selecting 160 households on which a structured interview schedule was administered. Descriptive statistics, a Likert-type scale, and the Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation were used for data analyses. Findings reveal that 1.3% of the households had no additional sources of income while 40.6% had at least four. Trading (55%) and livestock keeping (40.7%) were the most popular alternative income sources. The declining farm income (mean = 2.96) was the primary reason for diversification, while poor rural infrastructure (mean = 3.04) was the most severe constraint to income diversification. Farm size, access to extension services, household size, age and educational level of the household head were significantly related to the level of income diversification at p < 0.05. The study concluded that the level of income diversification was high and influenced by socioeconomic characteristics of the households. It recommends that the government should provide adequate infrastructural facilities in rural areas. Farmer associations should also ensure better prices for agricultural produce through joint marketing.

scholarly journals Determinants of Market Orientation and Market Participation: Agricultural Commercialization in Central and North Gondar, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tigabu Dagnew Koye ◽  
Taye Melese Mekie ◽  
Abebe Birara Dessie ◽  
Tegegne Debas Malede
Keyword(s):  
Market Orientation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Unrelated Regression ◽  
The Government

Abstract In Ethiopia, agricultural transformation is faced with many challenges such as poor infrastructure especially in rural area where huge agricultural activities are carried out, poor institutional services, lack of awareness of farmers on value addition of goods and so on. To fill this knowledge gap, this study was aimed the determinants of market orientation and market participation in Central and North Gondar Rural Ethiopia separately. The data were collected a sample of 344 households selected using multistage purposive and random sampling techniques. Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) and Tobit regression models were employed. The SUR model estimation indicated adult equivalent, chemical fertilizer users and tropical livestock unit (TLU) affect both market oriented cash and stable crops positively, while child dependency ratio, cultivated land, the distance to the market and road affect both market oriented cash and stable crops negatively. Level of education (grading), and irrigation users affect market oriented cash and stable crops positively, respectively. The empirical results of Tobit model show that cultivated land, land allocated to staples, off/non-farm income and irrigation user affect crop commercialization positively. Based on the findings, the study suggest that farmers should keep going to employ an additional off-farm income activities, improve rural urban roads, employ agricultural intensification, and the government should be supplied chemical fertilizer in sufficient amount and on time at reasonable price to improve farmers’ crop production.

scholarly journals COMPOSITION AND DETERMINANTS OF RURAL NON-FARM INCOME DIVERSIFICATION IN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluseyi Olutoyin Olugbire ◽  
Oluwatosin Esther Obafunsho ◽  
Titilope Omolara Olarewaju ◽  
Ruth Ibukun Kolade ◽  
Festus Abiodun Odediran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Reduction Strategies

Farming has been considered as main source of income for rural households in Nigeria, despite their involvement in other income generating activities. Focusing on income derivable from farming alone may be partially responsible for the ineffective poverty reduction strategies in Nigeria. Using the National Living Standard Survey data collected by the National Bureau of Statistics, this paper investigated the composition and determinants of non-farm incomes of rural households in Nigeria. The results show that the share of farm, non-farm wage (NFW)- and self-employment (NFS) incomes in total household incomes were 24.3%, 43.0% and 23.7% respectively. Households whose heads are male (0.647), had formal education (0.522), increased the likelihood of households’ participation in NFW activities, while access to credit (-0.307) and having larger farm size (-0.221) decreased it. Access to credit (0.379); community participation (0.103); larger family size (0.193) and possession of capital assets (0.069) increased the likelihood of participation in NFS-employment activities, while having larger farm size (-0.211) decreased it. The study concludes that policy targeting poverty reduction should focus on providing enabling environment for poor households’ access to non-farm activities in the study area.

scholarly journals Adoption of conservation agriculture practice in Bangladesh: Impact on crop profitability and productivity

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Uddin ◽  
AR Dhar ◽  
MM Islam
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The study was conducted to assess the impact of conservation agriculture practice on crop profitability in Bangladesh and to identify the determinants of adopting such practice. A total of 300 farmers (50 focal, 100 proximal and 150 control) from five districts (Mymensingh, Bogra, Tangail, Sherpur and Jamalpur) were selected. Focal farmers were selected purposively; and proximal and control farmers were selected randomly. Descriptive statistics like sum, averages, percentages and ratios were calculated to evaluate the socioeconomic data. Profitability of crop production was measured in terms of gross return, gross margin, net return and benefit cost ratio (BCR). Crop productivity was measured using the Enyedi’s crop productivity index. The BCR of focal, proximal and control farmers were 2.58, 2.24 and 2.18, respectively. The crop productivity of focal, proximal and control farmers were increased by 0.5, 1.1 and 1.4 percent, respectively with respect to the entire region. Educational level of household head, farm size, farm income, extension contact and farming experience were found as significant factors through logit model that affect the adoption of this practice by the farmers. Input support, motivation, training programmes and extension services by different government and non-government organizations should be properly organized and implemented to raise the consciousness and enhance the knowledge of the farmers on conservation agriculture practice.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(1): 101-112, June 2016

scholarly journals Influence of Socio-economic Factors of Rural Households on Fuelwood Consumption in Orlu Agricultural Zone of Imo State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Egwuonwu, H. A. ◽  
A. P. Nweke
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Rural Household ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Fuelwood Consumption ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The study analysed the influence of socio-economic factors of rural household on fuelwood consumption in Orlu Agricultural Zone of Imo State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study described the socio-economic characteristics of the households; determined the quantity (kg) of fuel wood consumed by household per week; identified coping measure in fuelwood scarcity among household and determined the influence of socio-economic characteristics of households on the quantity (kg) of fuelwood consumed. Data for the study were collected using structured questionnaire from 60 rural households through multi-stage sampling technique. Data were analysed using descriptive statistical tools and multiple regression analysis. Greater proportions (68.33%) were females. Mean age was 43.00 years. Majority (73.33%) were married with an average household size of 6 persons. The major occupation was farming (51.67%). Average farm size and farming experience of the rural household were 1.30 ha and 19 years respectively. Majority (56.67%) had primary education. Average fuelwood consumed by households weekly was 30.20 kg. The main coping measures for increasing fuelwood scarcity in the area were extinguish firewood after cooking (96.67%) and shifting to saw dust (88.33%). Estimated multiple regression analysis revealed that there was significant relationship between household heads socio-economic characteristic and quantity of fuelwood consumed weekly. The major determinants of the fuelwood collection and consumption in the area were age, sex, farm size, marital status, main occupation and educational level of household heads. The F-ratio was 5.125, indicating the overall significant of the regression model at 1% level of probability.

scholarly journals Impacts of Soil and Water Management Measures on Crop Production and Farm Income of Rural Households in the Damota Area Districts, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Mamush Masha ◽  
Teshome Yirgu ◽  
Mulugeta Debele
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Soil And Water

Improving crop productivity and farm income of rural households and ensuring food security through soil and water conservation (SWC) measures are one of the integral parts of sustainable livelihood approaches. The study aims to assess the impact of soil and water conservation measures on improving the rural livelihoods, which is measured in terms of annual crop production and farm income of rural households in the Damota area districts. The data was collected from 378 households (209 adopters and 169 nonadopters of SWC measures) using survey questionnaires, which were randomly chosen by using multistage sampling techniques. Descriptive and inferential statistics with propensity score matching (PSM) method were used to analyze the collected data. The propensity score matching method was used to assess the impacts of soil and water conservation measures by controlling unobserved heterogeneity and were matched with balanced observable characteristics. The result showed that the mean value of wheat production of adopter households was higher (654 kilograms per hectare) than that of nonadopters (496 kilograms per hectare). Similarly, the mean values of farm income of adopter households were higher (17372.67 Ethiopian Birr per year) than those of nonadopter households (13883.22 Ethiopian Birr per year). The result indicated that both crop production and annual farm income were more pronounced when farmers implemented sustainable soil and water conservation measures on their farming lands. This suggests that all rural households need to focus on the large-scale adoption, integration, and maintenances of damaged structures for better agricultural outcomes.

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