Black in Place

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandi Thompson Summers
Keyword(s):  
Black People ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Media Analysis ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Black Residents ◽  
Better Than

While Washington, D.C., is still often referred to as “Chocolate City,” it has undergone significant demographic, political, and economic change in the last decade. In D.C., no place represents this shift better than the H Street corridor. In this book, Brandi Thompson Summers documents D.C.’s shift to a “post-chocolate” cosmopolitan metropolis by charting H Street’s economic and racial developments. In doing so, she offers a theoretical framework for understanding how blackness is aestheticized and deployed to organize landscapes and raise capital. Summers focuses on the continuing significance of blackness in a place like the nation’s capital, how blackness contributes to our understanding of contemporary urbanization, and how it laid an important foundation for how Black people have been thought to exist in cities. Summers also analyzes how blackness—as a representation of diversity—is marketed to sell a progressive, “cool,” and authentic experience of being in and moving through an urban center.Using a mix of participant observation, visual and media analysis, interviews, and archival research, Summers shows how blackness has become a prized and lucrative aesthetic that often excludes D.C.’s Black residents.

scholarly journals Toward a pragmatic and social engineering ethics

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Sorenson
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Social Ethics ◽  
Engineering Ethics ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Media Analysis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Practical Field

AbstractThis paper centers on a five-month ethnographic field study among engineers in a Danish collaborative industrial robotics project, to examine how the everyday work of engineers intersects with existing, formally-adopted engineering ethics approaches.Methods included a literature review of engineering ethics, participant observation in a technical research institute and in machine workshops, document and visual media analysis, object elicitation, and qualitative interviews. Empirical findings from this investigation are used to evaluate existing formalized engineering ethics in relation to engineering praxis. Juxtaposed with engineers’ everyday ethical decision-making practices, professional ethics approaches are shown to be based in deontological and virtue ethics, narrowly focused on the individual engineer as a professional, and thus inappropriate and insufficient for the very practical field of engineering. The author argues for an alternative direction toward a situated pragmatic and social ethics in engineering that disrupts the current social arrangement around robot development through ethnographic intervention in the engineers’ negotiation of values in the design process.

Crime and Neighborhood Change in the Nation’s Capital: From Disinvestment to Gentrification

2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872110053
Author(s):  
Tanya Golash-Boza ◽  
Hyunsu Oh
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
Black People ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Neighborhood Change ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Racial Change ◽  
Black Neighborhoods ◽  
Black Residents ◽  
High Crime ◽  
The Relationship

Research on crime and neighborhood racial composition establishes that Black neighborhoods with high levels of violent crime will experience an increase in Black residents and concentrated disadvantage—due to the constrained housing choices Black people face. Some studies on the relationship between gentrification and crime, however, show that high-crime neighborhoods can experience reinvestment as well as displacement of Black residents. In Washington, DC, we have seen both trends—concentration of poverty and segregation as well as racial turnover and reinvestment. We employ a spatial analysis using a merged data set including crime data, Census data, and American Community Survey (ACS) data to analyze the relationship between crime and neighborhood change at the Census tract level. Our findings demonstrate the importance of distinguishing between periods of neighborhood decline and ascent, between the effects of property and violent crime, and between racial change and socioeconomic change.

The making of inclusion as structuration: empirical evidence of a multinational company

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate Ortlieb ◽  
Barbara Sieben
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Structuration Theory ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Organizational Practices ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Personnel Recruitment ◽  
Structural Dimensions ◽  
Recruitment And Selection

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to theoretically and empirically analyse the question how organizations become inclusive – with special regard to migrants – and the potential limits to inclusion. Design/methodology/approach – The paper develops a theoretical framework based on Giddens’ structuration theory. By a firm-level case study, the paper empirically examines the theoretical propositions. Findings – The paper proposes that inclusion bears specific kinds of the structural dimensions signification, domination and legitimation on which organizational actors draw to reproduce the inclusive organization. The empirical case reveals three areas of organizational practices – personnel recruitment and selection; training and development; meals and parties – in the making of inclusion. But the interplay of specific rules and resources also contains social practices of differentiation and hierarchization that limit inclusion. Research limitations/implications – Future studies would benefit from considering additional socio-demographic characteristics and intersectionalities. An ethnographic approach on the basis of participant observation is also recommendable. A longitudinal empirical design focusing on causal relationships would expand the papers descriptive approach. Practical implications – The findings suggest that organizational actors can shape the structural dimensions corresponding to an inclusive organization by acting themselves accordingly and inciting others to do so. They should be aware of processes of differentiation and hierarchization that go along with practices of inclusion. Originality/value – Applying key arguments of structuration theory, the paper develops a comprehensive framework that considers corresponding rules and resources in detail. The empirical case study demonstrates the fruitfulness of the theoretical framework and reveals the ambivalence of organizational practices that promote inclusion.

scholarly journals Wearing Pink in Fairy Town: The Heterosexualization of the Spanish Town Neighborhood and Carnival Parade in Baton Rouge

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-158
Author(s):  
Amy L. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Baton Rouge ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Gay Culture ◽  
Cross Dressing ◽  
Spanish Town

AbstractThe Spanish Town parade is currently the largest Carnival parade in Baton Rouge, Louisiana with hundreds of thousands of attendees dressed in pink costuming, cross-dressing, and wearing pink flamingo paraphernalia. This chapter traces the queer origins of the Spanish Town parade to the racially integrated bohemian gayborhood of Spanish Town in the 1980s. Using interviews, archival research, and participant observation, I argue that current LGBTQ residents of Baton Rouge, even those who have never lived in Spanish Town, claim a vicarious citizenship to the neighborhood and parade through an understanding of the queer origins of the parade in the 1980s and the parade’s beginning in a gayborhood. This vicarious citizenship is tempered by the heterosexualization of the contemporary Spanish Town parade. Although LGBTQ residents still attend the parade in large numbers, there is more ambivalence about the homophobic imagery in the parade and the consumption of gay culture by heterosexual parade participants.

scholarly journals Assessing Differential Impacts of COVID-19 on Black Communities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregorio A. Millett ◽  
Austin T. Jones ◽  
David Benkeser ◽  
Stefan Baral ◽  
Laina Mercer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black People ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Black Communities ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
County Level ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Black Residents ◽  
Us Counties ◽  
Rate Ratios

AbstractPurposeGiven incomplete data reporting by race, we used data on COVID-19 cases and deaths in US counties to describe racial disparities in COVID-19 disease and death and associated determinants.MethodsUsing publicly available data (accessed April 13, 2020), predictors of COVID-19 cases and deaths were compared between disproportionately (≥13%) black and all other (<13% black) counties. Rate ratios were calculated and population attributable fractions (PAF) were estimated using COVID-19 cases and deaths via zero-inflated negative binomial regression model. National maps with county-level data and an interactive scatterplot of COVID-19 cases were generated.ResultsNearly ninety-seven percent of disproportionately black counties (656/677) reported a case and 49% (330/677) reported a death versus 81% (1987/2,465) and 28% (684/ 2465), respectively, for all other counties. Counties with higher proportions of black people have higher prevalence of comorbidities and greater air pollution. Counties with higher proportions of black residents had more COVID-19 diagnoses (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.17-1.33) and deaths (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.00-1.40), after adjusting for county-level characteristics such as age, poverty, comorbidities, and epidemic duration. COVID-19 deaths were higher in disproportionally black rural and small metro counties. The PAF of COVID-19 diagnosis due to lack of health insurance was 3.3% for counties with <13% black residents and 4.2% for counties with ≥13% black residents.ConclusionsNearly twenty-two percent of US counties are disproportionately black and they accounted for 52% of COVID-19 diagnoses and 58% of COVID-19 deaths nationally. County-level comparisons can both inform COVID-19 responses and identify epidemic hot spots. Social conditions, structural racism, and other factors elevate risk for COVID-19 diagnoses and deaths in black communities.

scholarly journals Granny Solidarity: Understanding Age and Generational Dynamics in Climate Justice Movements

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-261
Author(s):  
May Chazan ◽  
Melissa Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Media Analysis ◽  
Climate Justice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Ipcc Report ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
Justice Movements

Since the 2018 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report, a global shift in consciousness has taken place around the urgency of the Earth’s climate crisis. Amidst growing panic, teenagers are emerging as key leaders and mobilizers, demanding intergenerational justice and immediate action. They are, however, often depicted as lone revolutionaries or as pawns of adult organizations. These representations obscure the complex and important ways in which climate justice movements are operating, and particularly the ways in which dynamics of age intersect with other axes of power within solidarity efforts in specific contexts. This article explores these dynamics, building on analyses of intersectional and intergenerational solidarity practices. Specifically, it delves into detailed analysis of how the Seattle group of the Raging Grannies, a network of older activists, engaged in Seattle’s ShellNo Action Coalition, mobilizing their age, whiteness, and gender to support racialized and youth activists involved in the coalition, and thus to block Shell Oil’s rigs from travelling through the Seattle harbour en route to the Arctic. Drawing from a pivotal group discussion between Grannies and other coalition members, as well as participant observation and media analysis, it examines the Grannies’ practices of solidarity during frontline protests and well beyond. The article thus offers an analysis of solidarity that is both intergenerational and intersectional in approach, while contributing to ongoing work to extend understandings of the temporal, spatial, cognitive, and relational dimensions of solidarity praxis.

scholarly journals Networking in the #BEAVegas

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Yerodin L. Carrington
Keyword(s):  
Network Theory ◽  
Las Vegas ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Intergroup Communication ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Education Association

Networking in the #BEAVegas is a basic understanding of the Network Theory, and its properties. This theoretical framework investigates the intergroup communication of individuals within other group systems. Networking in the #BEAVegas also explores Littlejohn's methodologies of connectedness, group networks, and organizational networks along with Actor-Network Theory (ANT). However, the original elements of the Network Theory were given to the world in 1385 through the Wycliffe Bible. I applied the participant-observation inquiry, as Poster Presenter, during the 2019 Broadcast Education Association (BEA) Annual Conference in Las Vegas using the Network Theory.

scholarly journals JUVENTUDE ATINGIDA PELA MINERAÇÃO DA VALE S.A NA AMAZÔNIA: articulações comunicativas da Rede Justiça nos Trilhos

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-752
Author(s):  
Larissa Pereira Santos ◽  
Célia Regina Trindade Chagas Amorim
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Young People ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Communication Practices ◽  
Movimientos Sociales

Este artigo analisa as práticas comunicativas da Rede Justiça nos Trilhos, utilizadas no Encontro da Juventude Atingida pela Mineração, como uma importante estratégia para discutir criticamente os impactos da mineração na Amazônia brasileira e fomentar a busca por cidadania com jovens afetados (as) pela mineradora Vale S.A. A metodologia se constitui de observação participante e entrevistas. O quadro teórico está composto, principalmente por Freire (1983), Melucci (1997), Sposito (2000), Mouffe (2003; 1993), Pinsky e Pinsky (2011) e Santos (2008). Buscamos contribuir na visibilização de vozes que são silenciadas na Amazônia.   PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Comunicação; Redes de Movimentos Sociais; Juventude Atingida pela Mineração; Rede Justiça nos Trilhos; Amazônia.     ABSTRACT This article analyzes the communication practices of the Justice on the Rails Network, used in the Meeting of Youth Affected by Mining, as an important strategy to critically discuss the impacts of mining in the Brazilian Amazon and to promote the search for citizenship with young people affected by mining company Vale S.A. The methodology consists of with participant observation and interviews. The theoretical framework consists mainly of Freire (1983), Melucci (1997), Sposito (2000), Mouffe (2003, 1993), Pinsky and Pinsky (2011) and Santos (2008). We seek to contribute to the visualization of voices that are silenced in the Amazon.   KEYWORDS: Communication; Social Movements Network; Youth affected by the mining; Justice On the Rails Network; Amazon.     RESUMEN Este artículo analiza las prácticas comunicativas de la Rede Justiça nos Trilhos, utilizadas en el Encuentro de la Juventud Afectada por la Minería, como una importante estrategia para discutir críticamente los impactos de la minería en la Amazonia brasileña y fomentar la búsqueda por ciudadanía con jóvenes afectados por la empresa minera Vale S.A. La metodología se constituye de observación participante y entrevistas. El cuadro teórico está compuesto, principalmente por Freire (1983), Melucci (1997), Sposito (2000), Mouffe (2003, 1993), Pinsky y Pinsky (2011) y Santos (2008). Buscamos contribuir en la visibilización de voces que son silenciadas en la Amazonia.   PALABRAS CLAVE: Comunicación; Redes de Movimientos Sociales; Juventud Afectada por la Minería; Rede Justiça nos Trilhos; Amazonia.  

“Chocolate City, Rest in Peace”: White Space–Claiming and the Exclusion of Black People in Washington, DC

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 746-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Suppan Helmuth
Keyword(s):  
Historically Black ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Black People ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
The Social ◽  
Black Residents ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Depth Interviews

Urban sociologists and gentrification scholars have long been interested in examining the combination of structural and micro–level forces that result in the displacement and exclusion of low–income residents from changing neighborhoods. However, the types of everyday activities and the social and spatial practices that exclude residents who remain in these neighborhoods are an understudied part of the gentrification story. How are exclusive spaces created? What are the specific social processes that lead to exclusive space? I draw on in–depth interviews and ethnographic fieldwork to examine how white residents in a historically black neighborhood claim space through their everyday actions and interactions. These space–claiming practices are at times subtle and at times overt, but often draw on a repertoire of physical, mental, and social practices that combine to create spaces that exclude black people—including long–term black residents, black gentrifiers, and black visitors to the neighborhood—from public space.

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