“Chocolate City, Rest in Peace”: White Space–Claiming and the Exclusion of Black People in Washington, DC

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 746-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Suppan Helmuth
Keyword(s):  
Historically Black ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Black People ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
The Social ◽  
Black Residents ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Depth Interviews

Urban sociologists and gentrification scholars have long been interested in examining the combination of structural and micro–level forces that result in the displacement and exclusion of low–income residents from changing neighborhoods. However, the types of everyday activities and the social and spatial practices that exclude residents who remain in these neighborhoods are an understudied part of the gentrification story. How are exclusive spaces created? What are the specific social processes that lead to exclusive space? I draw on in–depth interviews and ethnographic fieldwork to examine how white residents in a historically black neighborhood claim space through their everyday actions and interactions. These space–claiming practices are at times subtle and at times overt, but often draw on a repertoire of physical, mental, and social practices that combine to create spaces that exclude black people—including long–term black residents, black gentrifiers, and black visitors to the neighborhood—from public space.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Scarring Effects of Full-Year Nonemployment

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 369-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Guvenen ◽  
Fatih Karahan ◽  
Serdar Ozkan ◽  
Jae Song
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Security Administration ◽  
Earnings Distribution ◽  
Employment Effects ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Earnings Losses ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scarring Effects

Drawing on administrative data from the Social Security Administration, we find that individuals that go through a long period of non-employment suffer large and long-term earnings losses (around 35-40 percent) compared to individuals with similar age and previous earnings histories. Importantly, these differences depend on past earnings, and are largest at the bottom and top of the earnings distribution. Focusing on workers that are employed 10 years after a period of long-term non-employment, we find much smaller earnings losses (8-10 percent). Furthermore, the large earnings losses of low-income individuals are almost entirely due to employment effects.

“Why Don’t They Just Use Cloth?” Gender Policy Vacuums and the Inequalities of Diapering

2022 ◽  
pp. 089124322110679
Author(s):  
Jennifer Randles
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Gender Policy ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Bank Staff ◽  
The Social ◽  
Feminist Theories ◽  
Low Income Mothers ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Policy Vacuums ◽  
Diaper Need

Drawing on feminist theories of parenting and the welfare state, I analyze experiences of diaper need as a case of how gender, class, and race inequalities shape the social organization of caregiving and limited policy responses. Data from in-depth interviews with 70 mothers who experienced diaper need and 40 diaper bank staff revealed obstacles low-income mothers face in managing lack of access to children’s basic needs and how gendered assumptions of parental responsibility thwart public diaper support efforts. I use this case to theorize gender policy vacuums: These occur when gender disparities and ideologies prevent systematic responses to structural problems. Empirically this study contributes to understandings of diaper need as a problem of the gender structure that cannot be solved with alternative diapering methods that assume middle-class, white, androcentric privileges. Theoretically it illuminates key mechanisms by which feminized care labor is devalued and rendered invisible and how this erasure rationalizes lack of redress for gendered inequalities and creates policy gaps around caregiving.

The Individual's Perceived Environment as an Antecedent of Academic Entrepreneurship: Multiple Case Studies of Thai University Researchers

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 57-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutti Sooampon ◽  
Barbara Igel
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Academic Entrepreneurship ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Perceived Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study investigates the individual researcher's perceived environment as a pre-condition of entrepreneurship within the university. Our objective is to identify the micro-level antecedents that shape a university researcher's decision about whether to embark on an entrepreneurial venture. We conducted a series of both entrepreneurial and non-entrepreneurial case studies through in-depth interviews with six university researchers. The comparative case data generated inclusive descriptions of the social conditions surrounding the researchers and their individual characteristics as criteria for explaining their decisions on whether to become entrepreneurs. Our findings add to the macro-perspectives typically discussed, and advance knowledge of the entrepreneurial university by incorporating the individual's perceived environment as a micro-level condition for academic entrepreneurship. Drawing on the context of Thailand's emerging economy, in which social inequality exists alongside growth, our findings shed light on the university researcher's entrepreneurial role as a leader for social change through the commercialisation of science and technology research.

“White Night”: Gentrification, Racial Exclusion, and Perceptions and Participation in the Arts

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Shaw ◽  
Daniel Monroe Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Arts Participation ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Racial Exclusion ◽  
Symbolic Economy ◽  
Black Residents ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Depth Interviews

Art festivals are a feature of many urban districts undergoing gentrification; they help to catalyze change by drawing a set of consumers with particular cultural interests. This article examines whether the arts produce racial exclusions by examining long–term Black and White residents’ participation in and perceptions of the monthly Last Thursday Art Walks in Portland's gentrifying Alberta Arts District. We use surveys to measure arts participation and follow–up, in–depth interviews to understand whether long–time residents feel excluded by the arts, and if race is a factor. We find that Black residents participate less in Last Thursdays than White residents, and they often feel uncomfortable or unwelcome. We conclude that the arts–anchored symbolic economy results in racial exclusions that have little to do with differences in arts appreciation, but much to do with perceptions of people associated with the arts, and with residents’ abilities to use the arts to identify with neighborhood changes.

“The totality of caring”

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (9/10) ◽  
pp. 699-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borbála Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Extensive Body ◽  
Temporal Dimensions ◽  
Depth Interviews

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to formulate a conceptually and empirically grounded new understanding of childcare arrangements for cross-national and longitudinal micro-level empirical research by drawing on theoretical discussions about the social, spatial and temporal dimensions of embodied childcare and empirical data in the form of parental narratives from a Romanian qualitative study. Design/methodology/approach – The paper builds on a critique of an extensive body of empirical literature on the micro-level organisation of childcare and the thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with Romanian parents. The paper combines a critical literature review with findings from a qualitative study on childcare. Findings – The paper formulates a new understanding of household-level childcare arrangements that is context-insensitive, yet reflects the social, spatial and temporal concerns that the organisation of embodied childcare often raises. The paper expands on six real-life care arrangements in Romanian households represented as different combinations of care encounters. Research limitations/implications – As the paper draws on parental narratives from a single country, Romania, the mapping of childcare arrangements in other jurisdictions and/or at different times would strengthen the case for the proposed understanding of care arrangements as a valuable tool to represent, compareand contrast household-level care routines. Originality/value – The idea that parents (especially mothers) make work-care decisions in the light of what is best for their child has been widely documented. However, taxonomies of care arrangements have failed to reflect this. The proposed conceptualisation of childcare arrangements addresses this issue by articulating a conceptually coherent approach to developing empirically grounded childcare typologies that “travel well” cross-nationally and over time.

scholarly journals A Migration Project in Retrospect: The Case of the Ageing Zero Generation in Emirdağ

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-269
Author(s):  
Christiane Timmerman ◽  
Meia Walravens ◽  
Joris Michielsen ◽  
Nevriye Acar ◽  
Lore Van Praag
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Family Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Zero Generation ◽  
Family Elders ◽  
Depth Interviews

In the twentieth century, Emirdağ (Turkey) witnessed extensive emigration and is now home to the ‘zero generation’: a group of elderly people who stayed behind when their children moved abroad. We investigate how these elderly people, with at least one child who left the country, evaluate their situation as they have grown older. Using fieldwork observations and in-depth interviews, we found that this group mainly associated the migration of their offspring with loneliness and exclusion from society, due to separation from their children and changes in the traditional family culture. The respondents clearly note a shift in the social position of family elders in Turkish culture, from highly respected to being ignored and looked down upon. While this change in status might be experienced by all elderly inhabitants of the region, feelings of distress were reinforced by an emerging discourse which suggests the migration project is a failed enterprise. The constraints their children experience in the immigrant country have led the zero generation to rely less on them and become more dependent on their own resources. Future research on ageing, migration and transnational care should focus on the different ways in which migration systems evolve, and the long-term effects on social inclusion of all generations.

scholarly journals Cause-Related Marketing: Do Managers Understand and Use This Tool?

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-604
Author(s):  
Mafalda M. Miranda ◽  
Susana Costa e Silva ◽  
Paulo Duarte ◽  
Daniel Glaser-Segura
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Utaut Model ◽  
Cause Related Marketing ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Competitive Factor ◽  
Depth Interviews

AbstractDesign - We relied on data obtained from in-depth interviews with managers. Data categorization allowed the application of the main constructs of the UTAUT model and the unveiling of the level of acceptance of Cause-Related Marketing (CrM) campaigns by managers and its use as a marketing strategy. Purpose – Most of the research on CrM emphasizes the benefits of these campaigns for charities and donors. The purpose of this study is to decode what managers think about CrM campaigns and try to discern and understand the principal motivations, benefits, and inherent risks to implement these campaigns. Findings - Managers recognize CrM benefits mainly relating them with an increase in reputation and image of the company, making it possible to differentiate and increase its notoriety. However, the social nature of this tool is what weights in the most on the decision of managers, since they recognize that being socially responsible is a competitive factor. The greatest constraints identified have to do with the effort on the implementation of the campaign and with the consumer’s scepticism, especially in transactional campaigns. Originality - With this research we were able to realize that there is a misunderstanding between the CrM concept and purely philanthropic marketing, which can somehow inhibit managers from recognizing the potential of this tool. Regarding CrM use, the position of managers shows a clear concern about the importance of harmonizing values between the company and the cause, betting on long-term campaigns with transparent communication and investing in the process of planning, implementing, and monitoring campaigns to improve their performance. This needs to be taken into account in future assessments of CrM campaigns.

Rethinking the Relationship of African American Men to the Street

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alford A. Young
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Power ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines how the street has become a point of reference in scholarly and public discussions of the behavior of low-income African American men living in urban communities. It begins with a discussion of how the street has attained such an overriding centrality in the cultural analyses of low-income, urban-based African American men in public space, especially in the formation of images and understandings about them. It then considers how and why African American men have come to be viewed as a frighteningly disturbing presence on the street because of the social power they are assumed to have in affecting the actions and lives of others who make use of the streets. It also looks at various frameworks for the cultural analysis of African American men and concludes by arguing that the street has been both overdetermined and incompletely theorized in terms of its significance for cultural analysis.

Marginalizing Poverty with Car-Dependent Design: The Story of Two Expulsions

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan Cleveland
Keyword(s):  
Historically Black ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
First Nation ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Black Communities ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
The City

In the twentieth century in Nova Scotia, at least two racialized communities were forcibly expelled from their land: Black Africville residents in Halifax and the Membertou Mi’kmaw First Nation in Sydney. Differences in the long-term outcomes of the two expulsions, however, reveal critical factors in how urban design can support or frustrate poverty alleviation. While the Membertou First Nation was relocated as a whole to a centralized context where they were geographically positioned to stage an economic transformation, Africville residents were more widely dispersed, many to areas with less access to jobs and other economic opportunities.This article analyzes the urban design elements in Halifax that create barriers to prosperity for the city’s historically Black communities and low-income residents. These factors include housing displacement, the suburbanization of poverty, and a lack of access to transit and other destinations within walking distance of homes. This article proposes three policy options to address these barriers and ensure that the city offers opportunity to all residents.

DETERMINANTS OF INCREASING HOUSEHOLD SAVINGS IN POLAND

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-77
Author(s):  
Ewa Wierzbicka
Keyword(s):  
Social Insurance ◽  
Social Insurance System ◽  
Domestic Capital ◽  
The Social ◽  
Domestic Savings ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Polish Economy ◽  
Entire Economy

Research carried out, among others ordered by the Polish Bank Association, indicate untapped potential savings for Polish society. The aim of the article is to present the reasons for a low propensity to save households, as well as to identify factors and motives that decide about saving, and to suggest directions for actions to increase the propensity to save, especially long-term. The author limits her considerations to voluntary savings of households, not responding to the compulsory saving for pension purposes resulting from the social insurance system. Accumulation of savings is of great importance not only at the micro level but also for the entire economy, because it is internal, domestic source of financial capital. Long-term savings, which stabilize the financial system and may have an impact on reducing the costs of servicing public debt and changing its structure, limiting the participation of foreign investors, are particularly important. The greater the propensity to save, the more national resources may beminvested in the polish economy. Moreover, the shortage of domestic savings is not only a serious challenge for bank risk management due to the need to top up the missing domestic capital with foreign funds. The deficiency of domestic savings in relation to the needs of the economy and the state also increases the systemic risk of the national economy and country.

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