Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 163-174
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Alan Erbig
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Native Peoples ◽  
Northeastern Argentina

Following the formation of independent republics in southeastern South America, travellers, politicians and academics alike used the territorial imaginaries of the Madrid and San Ildefonso boundary commissions to envision national communities devoid of Native peoples. Whether narrating patriotic histories of territorial conquest or using colonial borders to catalogue Indigenous peoples who had routinely traversed them, postcolonial authors simultaneously appropriated Native pasts while denying the existence of their Indigenous contemporaries. Contradictory claims of Indigenous emigration emerged in Uruguay, northeastern Argentina, and southern Brazil, and Charrúas and Minuanes were reduced to bit players in or antecedents to the formation of national or subnational communities. By considering the interplay between territorial imaginaries and identity formation, the conclusion demonstrates how the re-emergence of Charrúas on a regional political scale since the late 1980s not only disrupts national mythmaking but fits within deeper historical patterns.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Alan Erbig
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
South America ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Río De La Plata ◽  
Native Peoples ◽  
La Plata ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trading Networks

The introduction considers how autonomous Indigenous peoples in South America responded to the drawing of interimperial borders through their lands. Bringing together borderlands studies and histories of cartography, it argues that imperial border making transformed regional territorialities precisely because Native peoples engaged such efforts. In the Río de la Plata, Portugal’s and Spain’s invention of a border was an attempt to circumvent the territorial authority exercised by Indigenous peoples known Charrúas and Minuanes, whom members of the Luso-Hispanic boundary commissions routinely evaded as they traversed the region. Native responses to subsequent colonial efforts to materialize the imagined border derived from their own territorialities, and some Indigenous leaders leveraged imperial border making to expand their own kinship, tributary, and trading networks. Drawing upon hundreds of fragmented manuscripts dispersed in archives across three continents and representing them together via geographic information systems (GIS), this introduction centers Native ground and actions in the history of the border.

Yerba Mate

2017 ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
Roberto Buffo
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Herbal Tea ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Northeastern Argentina

Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is a plant original from the subtropical regions of South America, present in Southern Brazil, Northeastern Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. It is primarily consumed as a beverage made by steeping the leaves of the plant in hot water. The growing interest in mate products has made it paramount that research on this herbal tea continues, as it has shown extraordinary possibilities not only as a consumer beverage but also in the nutraceutical industry. Yet, there is much to be done: human-based studies to support the properties verified in vitro and in vivo models with animas are scarce.

Five new species of Tupiperla Froehlich, 1969 (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4671 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-526
Author(s):  
TÁCIO DUARTE ◽  
MARCOS CARNEIRO NOVAES ◽  
PITÁGORAS DA CONCEIÇÃO BISPO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
South American ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
The South ◽  
The Family ◽  
Northeastern Argentina

The stoneflies of the family Gripopterygidae have a Gondwanan distribution (Australian, Neotropical, and Andean regions) and include about 300 species in five recognized subfamilies. The subfamily Gripopteryginae is restricted to the Neotropics and the Andean regions of South America, including 15 genera and about 80 species. Tupiperla Froehlich, with 20 species, is the largest genus among the South American Gripopteryginae. The genus has been recorded from Brazil, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina. In Brazil, Tupiperla has been recorded from southern, southeastern, and the mountainous areas of central and northeastern, primarily from streams of the Atlantic Forest. We studied specimens of Tupiperla collected from the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil. Herein, five new species of Tupiperla are described: T. pinhoi sp. nov., T. serrulata sp. nov., T. pessacqi sp. nov., T. ubuntu sp. nov., and T. zwicki sp. nov. 

Native Approaches to Decolonising Education in Institutions of Higher Learning

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polly Walke
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Native Peoples ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Learning ◽  
The World

A growing number of Native scholars are involved in decolonising higher education through a range of processes designed to create space for Indigenous realities and Indigenous ways of managing knowledge. Basing their educational approaches on Indigenous ontologies and epistemologies, they are developing Indigenist approaches within higher education. Ward Churchill (1996:509), Cherokee scholar, explains that an Indigenist scholar is one who:Takes the rights of indigenous peoples as the highest priority …who draws on the traditions – the bodies of knowledge and corresponding codes of value – evolved over many thousands of years by native peoples the world over.

Severed Connections

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Richter ◽  
Troy L. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Native Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Autonomy ◽  
Indian Politics ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
European Expansion ◽  
North And South ◽  
Independence Movements

Scholars often portray indigenous peoples' interactions with the Atlantic world in linear terms: European expansion engulfed native communities and enslaves them to a global capitalist system. The mid-eighteenth to early nineteenth centuries, however, tells a more complicated tale. By the 1750s, many native peoples had learnt from decades of experience how to engage the Atlantic world on their own varied terms, often to their own advantage. Those engagements were disrupted by the British, French, and Spanish imperial crises spawned by the Seven Years War and especially by the creole independence movements born during those crises. The process worked out differently north and south of the Rio Grande, but, throughout the Americas, the collapse of European empires severed connections that had once guaranteed indigenous autonomy. If balance was the principle of ‘modern Indian politics’, trade was its glue. Throughout the Americas, creoles who proclaimed themselves civilised arrogated to themselves the terms on which native peoples could, or could not, engage with the Atlantic world.

Two new species of Margyricarpus (Rosaceae, Sanguisorbeae) from high-elevation grasslands in southern Brazil, and other notes on the genus Margyricarpus

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 496 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-293
Author(s):  
LUÍS A. FUNEZ ◽  
GUSTAVO HASSEMER ◽  
NIVALDO PERONI ◽  
ELISANDRO R. DRECHSLER-SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
Two New Species

Margyricarpus pinnatus is a poorly understood entity from natural grasslands of South America that it better considered as a species complex. In this work we contribute to the advancement of the taxonomic knowledge of this challenging species complex by describing two new species of Margyricarpus from southern Brazil. We present field photographs, illustrations, a distribution map and ecologic and conservation notes on the new species.

scholarly journals On the fossil Remains of Panochthus Burmeister, 1866 (Xenarthra, Cingulata, Glyptodontidae) from the Pleistocene of southern Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
José D. Ferreira ◽  
Martín Zamorano ◽  
Ana Maria Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Species Level ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Latitudinal Distribution ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
New Material

The genus Panochthus represents the last lineage of "Panochthini" recorded in the Pleistocene. This genus has a wide latitudinal distribution in South America, and in Brazil it occurs in the southern and northeastern regions. In this paper we describe new material (isolated osteoderms and caudal tube fragments) assigned to Panochthus from the state of Rio Grande do Sul (southern Brazil) and discuss some taxonomic issues related to Panochthus tuberculatus and Panochthus greslebini based on this material . The occurrence of P. greslebini is the first for outside the Brazilian Intertropical Region. In addition, we describe new diagnostic features to differentiate the osteoderms of P. greslebini and P. tuberculatus. Unfortunately, it was not possible to identify some osteoderms at the species level. Interestingly, they showed four distinct morphotypes characterized by their external morphology, and thus were attributed to Panochthus sp. Lastly, we conclude that in addition to P.tuberculatus registered to southern Brazil, there is another species of the genus, assignable to P. cf. P. greslebini. Our analysis reinforce the reliability of caudal tube characters for the classification of species of Panochthus.

scholarly journals Multiple incursion pathways for Helicoverpa armigera in Brazil show its genetic diversity spreading in a connected world

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas A. Arnemann ◽  
Stephen H. Roxburgh ◽  
Tom Walsh ◽  
Jerson V.C. Guedes ◽  
Karl H.J. Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
South America ◽  
New World ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
South American ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
South American Continent

AbstractThe Old World cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera was first detected in Brazil with subsequent reports from Paraguay, Argentina, Bolivia, and Uruguay. This pattern suggests that the H. armigera spread across the South American continent following incursions into northern/central Brazil, however, this hypothesis has not been tested. Here we compare northern and central Brazilian H. armigera mtDNA COI haplotypes with those from southern Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, and Paraguay. We infer spatial genetic and gene flow patterns of this dispersive pest in the agricultural landscape of South America. We show that the spatial distribution of H. armigera mtDNA haplotypes and its inferred gene flow patterns in the southwestern region of South America exhibited signatures inconsistent with a single incursion hypothesis. Simulations on spatial distribution patterns show that the detection of rare and/or the absence of dominant mtDNA haplotypes in southern H. armigera populations are inconsistent with genetic signatures observed in northern and central Brazil. Incursions of H. armigera into the New World are therefore likely to have involved independent events in northern/central Brazil, and southern Brazil/Uruguay-Argentina-Paraguay. This study demonstrates the significant biosecurity challenges facing the South American continent, and highlights alternate pathways for introductions of alien species into the New World.

scholarly journals The Technological Diversity of Lithic Industries in Eastern South America during the Late Pleistocene-Holocene Transition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Carlos Moreno De Sousa
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Projectile Points ◽  
Technological Diversity ◽  
Lithic Assemblages ◽  
Adjacent Part ◽  
Archaeological Cultures

Brazilian archaeological literature has insisted for decades upon associating hunter-gatherer sites dated to the Pleistocene–Holocene transition either to the Itaparica tradition, if located in central or northeastern Brazil, or to the Umbu tradition and Humaitá tradition, if located in southern Brazil, Uruguay, or any other adjacent part of Paraguay and Argentina. These associations have been based almost entirely on the presence or absence of lesmas and “projectile points,” regardless of their morphological and technological features. In the Uruguayan archaeological literature, three other cultures are recognised: Fell industry, Catalanense industry, and Tigre tradition, all in the Uruguayan region. However, the last 10 years of systematic studies on the lithic assemblages from these sites have shown that Paleoindian societies from Eastern South America are more culturally diverse than expected and that previously defined archaeological cultures present several issues in their definition, suggesting that many of these “traditions” are not valid and should no longer be used. Instead, new lithic industries and archaeological cultures should be defined only when cultural patterns are observable through systematic analyses.

scholarly journals Ecological research should consider Indigenous peoples and stewardship

FACETS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 534-537
Author(s):  
Kyle A. Schang ◽  
Andrew J. Trant ◽  
Sara A. Bohnert ◽  
Alana M. Closs ◽  
Megan Humchitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Ecological Research ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Indigenous Group ◽  
Indigenous Territories ◽  
America South ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between Indigenous peoples and the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems has received increased attention in recent years. As a result, it is becoming more critical for researchers focusing on terrestrial ecosystems to work with Indigenous groups to gain a better understanding of how past and current stewardship of these lands may influence results. As a case study to explore these ideas, we systematically reviewed articles from 2008 to 2018 where research was conducted in North America, South America, and Oceania. Of the 159 articles included, 11 included acknowledgement of Indigenous stewardship, acknowledged the Indigenous Territories or lands, or named the Indigenous group on whose Territory the research was conducted. Within the scope of this case study, our results demonstrate an overall lack of Indigenous acknowledgement or consideration within the scope of our review. Given the recent advancements in our understanding of how Indigenous groups have shaped their lands, we implore researchers to consider collaboration among local Indigenous groups as to better cultivate relationships and foster a greater understanding of their ecosystems.

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