scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Analysis: Biomechanics is an Engineering Discipline

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Lee
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Injury Mechanism ◽  
Academic Programs ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Engineering Discipline ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Event Reconstruction ◽  
Injury Mechanisms ◽  
Injury Event ◽  
Forensic Engineering

Forensic engineering experts with expertise in the field of biomechanics are frequently retained to conduct a biomechanical analysis of some injury-related incident. This may involve the areas of injury event reconstruction, what forces may have been involved, how the person responded to these forces, and whether injury mechanisms consistent with the claimed injuries were (or were not) established during the incident. It is the view of someengineering biomechanics experts that the presentation of injury mechanism-related opinions is based on biomechanics (a subject of engineering) and is not intended to serve as an opinion regarding injury causation (i.e., was the claimant injured as a result of the described incident). Attorneys have challenged the ability of forensic engineering biomechanics experts to offer injury mechanism-related opinions (and often the other associated areas described above) based on a theory that “biomechanics” is not a subject of engineering, butrather a subject of medicine, and, in turn, the engineering expert should not be allowed to present such opinions. This paper explores the validity of this claim, focusing on the academic evidence. More specifically, academic programs within the United States in both the areas of engineering and medicine were examined to find evidence of formal classes in the area of biomechanics, dedicated biomechanics research activities, current textbooks and references (focusing on author affiliation), and other academic-related activities.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Studies Using Exemplar Vehicles And Surrogates In Vehicle Impact Cases

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Seat Belt ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Vehicle Interior ◽  
Vehicle Impact ◽  
Event Reconstruction ◽  
Injury Mechanisms ◽  
Injury Event ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Occupant Kinematics ◽  
Body Stature

As Part Of Their Event Reconstruction, Accident Reconstructionists Often Inspect Exemplar Motor Vehicles. xemplarmeans A Vehicle Of The Same Model, Production Series, Etc. In Terms Of The Vehicle Of Interest. In The Analysis Of The Injury Aspects Of Vehicular Collisions, Biomechanics Experts Can Also Benefit From Exemplar Studies, Especially When A Surrogate (Individual Of The Same Gender, Age Group, Body Stature, Etc.) Is Incorporated Into The Study. This Is Often An Important Activity Since Available Physical Evidence Is Often Limited. For Example, Photo Documentation May Focus Almost Exclusively On The Outside Of The Subject Vehicle, Whereas The Injury Event(S) Often Occur Within The Vehicle. Also, Providers Of Vehicle Specifications Typically Provide Limited (If Any) Vehicle Interior Information. Finally, Depositional Information May Be Very Limited, Providing Few Details On Events And Conditions That May Have Contributed (Or Not) To Claimed Injuries. Thus, Exemplar/Surrogate Studies Can Provide A Wealth Of Information In The Analysis Of What Injuries May (Or May Not) Have Occurred Knowing The Physics Of The Accident Reconstruction And The Resulting Occupant Kinematics, Geometric Considerations, Claimant Characteristics, And The Associated Injury Mechanisms. A Series Of Situations Will Be Presented As Examples Of How Exemplar/Surrogate Studies Can Be Useful In Injury Analysis, Including Seat Belt Issues, Rear-End Collisions, And Pedestrian/Vehicle Incidents. General Protocol Considerations Will Also Be Presented.

scholarly journals Education in the Field of Forensic Engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kousay Al-Sanjery ◽  
◽  
Kong Fah Tee ◽  
Horng Hean Tee ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Engineering Discipline ◽  
Standards And Regulations ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Design Construction

The profession of forensic engineering has been used in investigations for causes of failure in various engineering cases and used when engineers require to give testimony in judicial proceedings. Forensic engineering has become a field of professional practice of its own; criteria and procedural methods have been proposed in the United States, UK and Europe. Many professionals and engineering institutions have venture in this field and set basic principles to establish a platform for going forward. This paper will cover the topics in design-construction process, design codes and standards, construction safety codes, standards and regulations, the first steps after failure, legal concerns after a failure, standard of care and case studies. It is hoped that the paper will enlighten the scope and details of the forensic engineering discipline which can be used as a tool for a failure knowledge base for engineering education and learning outcomes.

Front-line Healthcare Workers in COVID-19: The Way from Elbow-Bump Greeting to Closing Body Bags

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Bittmann
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Resource Center ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa

COVID-19 is a serious coronavirus disease that is spreading all over the world. As of the date of this publication, 2.834.134 people have been infected with COVID-19 and 197.924 deaths have been recorded in 185 countries (John Hopkins Corona Resource Center, 25th April 2020) [1]. This overwhelming mortality rate requires intensive research activities around the world. To date, the number of deaths per day in the United States is still killing, indicating an uncontrollable state of infection spread. SARS-CoV-2 binds to the angiotensin II receptor in various tissues of the human body, particularly in the oral cavity and tongue. SARS-CoV-2 requires the cheerful TMPRSS2 to activate this inertia. SARS-CoV-2 uses the ACE2 receptor as a gateway to the lungs. The SARS-CoV-2 virus binds with the spike protein to the ACE2 receptor. COVID-19 is more common among African Americans in the USA (Science 10th April 2020). The comfort and the emotional loading capacity of the employees in the health service are key components for the maintenance of the essential health services during the outbreak of the COVID-19 virus (Coronavirus) [2,3]. Hence, it will be important to anticipate the charges linked with this work and to release support for employees in the health service. The supervision and assessment of the psychic health and the well-being of the employees in the health service will be important, just as the efforts to guarantee a successful reunion with colleagues if they are infected.

scholarly journals Football concussion case series using biomechanical and video analysis

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (23 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S2.2-S2
Author(s):  
Mirellie Kelley ◽  
Jillian Urban ◽  
Derek Jones ◽  
Alexander Powers ◽  
Christopher T. Whitlow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Video Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
Rotational Acceleration ◽  
Impact Location ◽  
Injury Mechanisms ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Impact Data

Approximately 1.1–1.9 million sport-related concussions among athletes ≤18 years of age occur annually in the United States, but there is limited understanding of the biomechanics and injury mechanisms associated with concussions among lower level football athletes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to combine biomechanical head impact data with video analysis to characterize youth and HS football concussion injury mechanisms. Head impact data were collected from athletes participating on 22 youth and 6 HS football teams between 2012 and 2017. Video was recorded, and head impact data were collected during all practices and games by instrumenting players with the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System. For each clinically diagnosed concussion, a video abstraction form was completed, which included questions concerning the context in which the injury occurred. Linear acceleration, rotational acceleration, and impact location were used to characterize the concussive event and each injured athlete's head impact exposure on the day of the concussion. A total of 9 (5 HS and 4 youth) concussions with biomechanics and video of the event were included in this study. The mean [range] linear and rotational acceleration of the concussive impacts were 62.9 [29.3–118.4] g and 3,056.7 [1,046.8–6,954.6] rad/s2, respectively. Concussive impacts were the highest magnitude impacts for 6 players and in the top quartile of impacts for 3 players on the day of injury. Concussions occurred in both practices (N = 4) and games (N = 5). The most common injury contact surface was helmet-to-helmet (N = 5), followed by helmet-to-ground (N = 3) and helmet-to-body (N = 1). All injuries occurred during player-to-player contact scenarios, including tackling (N = 4), blocking (N = 4), and collision with other players (N = 1). The biomechanics and injury mechanisms of concussions varied among athletes in our study; however, concussive impacts were among the highest severity for each player and all concussions occurred as a result of player-to-player contact.

Acreditación CONAIC y ABET en Instituciones de Educación Superior IES.

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
Carmen C. Ortega Hernández ◽  
Alfonso Garces Baez ◽  
Adriana M. Ruíz Reynoso
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Academic Programs ◽  
Educación Superior ◽  
Educacion Superior ◽  
Sistemas De Informacion ◽  
Science Information

Los Organismos de Acreditación Nacionales e Internacionales tienen como objetivo fundamental evaluar la calidad, pertinencia y mejora continua de los programas académicos de Ciencias de la Computación, Sistemas de Información y Tecnologías de Comunicación que se ofertan a la sociedad en Instituciones de Educación Superior; a través de los criterios en estudiantes, docentes, plan de estudio, egresados e infraestructura, entre otros. El CONAIC al igual que otros organismos de acreditación nacional, tienen en común los criterios de evaluación con la finalidad de cumplir los estándares y parámetros previamente establecidos por el Consejo para la Acreditación de la Educación Superior (COPAES) y avalados por la Secretaria en Educación Pública (SEP). Asimismo, existe un rango de convergencia que le permite adaptarse a otros marcos internacionales que comparten la misma visión. Este documento, selecciona la acreditación ABET por ser el par de CONAIC en Estados Unidos, para presentar las similitudes que existen y determinar las fortalezas u oportunidades que tienen ambos procesos, en beneficio del egresado. National and International Accreditation Bodies have as fundamental objective to evaluate the quality, pertinence and continuous improvement of the academic programs of Computer Science, Information Systems and Communication Technologies that are offered to society in Higher Education Institutions; Through criteria in students, teachers, curriculum, graduates and infrastructure, among others. Conaic like others organisms of national acreditation has in comun the evaluation criteria with the goal to comply the standards and parameters previously established by the Council for Accreditation of Higher Education (COPAES) and endorsed by the Secretary in Public Education (SEP). Likewise, there is a range of convergence that allows it to adapt to other international frameworks that share the same vision. This document selects ABET accreditation for being the CONAIC pair in the United States, to present the similarities that exist and determinate the strengths or opportunities that have both processes, for the benefit of the graduate.

Vibration Analysis Methods Applied to Forensic Engineering Problems

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Saczalski ◽  
Eugene B. Loverich
Keyword(s):  
Vibration Analysis ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
System Failures ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Engineering Problems ◽  
Shock Impact ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Occupant Kinematics

Abstract Forensic engineering problems are reviewed to demonstrate how vibration analysis methods can be utilized in certain instances to determine cause of system failures and injury mechanics associated with certain vehicular accidents. A brief overview of injury criteria and biomechanical analysis methods for evaluation of motor vehicle occupant kinematics induced by shock impact loadings is also included.

Biomechanical Analysis of a World Record Javelin Throw: A Case Study

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Gregor ◽  
Marilyn Pink
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
The United States ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
World Record ◽  
High Speed Video ◽  
High Speed Video Camera ◽  
Ongoing Project

As part of an ongoing project to evaluate elite track and field throwers in the United States, the javelin competition was filmed during the 1983 Pepsi Invitational Track Meet. A high-speed video camera (Spin Physics SP2000) was positioned orthogonal to the javelin runway to record the release of all throws. During this competition, Tom Petranoff’s world record (99.72 m) was filmed at 200 fields per second. Subsequent frame-by-frame digitization yielded results consistent with reports in the literature. Release velocity was 32.3 m/s and represents one of the highest values ever reported. Angle of release was .57r, javelin attitude at release was .64r» and angle of attack was .07r. While optimum values for these release parameters, in light of published results, remain open to discussion, the results presented here represent unique information on a world record performance and can serve as a basis of comparison for future performances.

scholarly journals Forensic Engineering Analysis Of Dot Verses Non-Dot Helmet Performance As A Function Of Velocities Exceeding Standardized Testing As A Function Of Velocities Exceeding Standardized Testing

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L. Liptai
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Testing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Motorcycle Helmet ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Testing Standards

Motorcyclists Suffer Serious Trauma More Often Than Automotive Occupants Tracing To Contact With Non-Yielding Road Surfaces And/Or Direct Impact From Other Vehicles. A Motorcycle Helmet Is The Principal Defense To Head Impact. If A Motorcycle Helmet Passes Dot, Department Of Transportation, Approval, What Performance Improvements Correlate? Dot And Non-Dot Helmets Were Tested To Determine Impact Performance At Velocities Exceeding Standardized Testing Velocities. Three Types Of Dot Approved And Three Types Of Non-Dot Approved Helmets Were Tested At Two Speeds Outside Of The Federal Testing Standards In The United States. The Analysis Was Performed Using An Inverted Pendulum Sub-System Experimental Device With A Hybrid-Iii Anthropometric Dummy Cranium And Neck. Results Quantify The Performance By Category, Model, And Experiment By Test Metric.

scholarly journals The Forensic Engineer in State and Federal Court

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Ziernicki
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Expert Witness ◽  
Federal Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
Court System ◽  
Civil Lawsuits ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
And Function

This paper outlines the legal system in the United States, the different types of courts, the differences between criminal and civil law, and the role of forensic engineering experts involved in civil lawsuits. After providing a summary of relevant procedures employed by civil and criminal courts, the paper describes the basic principles and requirements for the selection and work of a forensic engineering expert in both the state and federal court system. This paper outlines the role and function of forensic experts (specifically forensic engineers), in the United States court system. It is not a treatise on the legal system but on the role of experts. The paper presents the requirements typically used in today’s legal system to qualify a forensic engineer as an expert witness and to accept his or her work and opinions. Furthermore, this paper discusses who can be an expert witness, the expert’s report, applicable standards, conducted research, engineering opinions, and final testimony in court — and how those elements fit into the legal system. Lastly, the paper describes the concept of spoliation of evidence.

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