scholarly journals The Role of the Hepatic Tissue Remodeling Regulators MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the Progression of Liver Cirrhosis

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
A. G. Skuratov ◽  
A. N. Lyzikov ◽  
E. V. Voropaev ◽  
O. V. Osipkina ◽  
D. V. Tereshkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Tissue Remodeling ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Viral Etiology ◽  
Enzymelinked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Diffuse Liver Diseases

Objective: to study the level of the hepatic tissue remodeling regulators MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the blood of patients with the progression of chronic diffuse liver diseases.Material and methods. The object of the study was 80 patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases (chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis). The concentration of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the blood of the patients was determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: As chronic diffuse liver diseases progressed, a statistically significant decrease in the level of MMP-9 in the blood of the patients was revealed, which was reflected in the decreased intensity of the extracellular matrix resorption processes and transformation of chronic hepatitis into liver cirrhosis. The activity of TIMP-1 which suppressed the fibrolytic effects of MMP-9, was statistically significantly higher in the viral etiology of liver cirrhosis, which probably led to more rapid progression of liver fibrosis associated with the presence of hepatitis C and В viruses.

scholarly journals The relationships of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis to alcohol intake, hepatitis B and C, and delta virus infection: a case-control study in Albania

1998 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. KONDILI ◽  
M. E. TOSTI ◽  
M. SZKLO ◽  
A. COSTANTINO ◽  
R. COTICHINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Delta Virus

The present study examined the effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and alcohol intake, and the role of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the aetiology of chronic liver disease in Albania. A total of 106 cases of liver cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis were compared to 195 control patients without these or other liver diseases. Adjusted odds ratios were 52·7 (95% CI 22·7–122) for HBV surface antigen, 26·9 (95% CI 4·9–147) for anti-HCV, 26·2 (95% CI 3·1–221) for anti-HDV, 2.4 (95% CI 1·3–4·4) for lifetime alcohol intake and 2·3 (95% CI 1–5·5) for duration of alcohol intake. Although not significant, an interaction was suggested between HBsAg and anti-HCV and between HBsAg and alcohol intake. Our study underlines the role of hepatitis viruses in the development of chronic liver diseases. Additionally, it suggests that heavy alcohol intake may magnify the effect of HBV on these diseases. HBV vaccination and alcohol abstention appear to be important strategies to reduce the risk of liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis in Albania.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of cerebral blood flow in patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases of viral etiology

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 859-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
T S Morozova ◽  
I F Grishina ◽  
I A Gurikova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Viral Etiology ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Diffuse Liver Diseases

Aim. To study the features of cerebral blood flow at different structural and functional levels of the brain vascular system in patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of viral etiology. Methods. A comprehensive ultrasound examination of the brain vascular system using an algorithm of cerebral arterial and venous blood flow examination based on the concept of the brain vascular system construction considering five structural and functional levels was performed in 65 chronic viral hepatitis patients and 61 patients with liver cirrhosis of viral etiology. The examination of the main brain arteries was performed using duplex scanning ultrasound SSD-5500 scanner («Aloka», Japan) with 5-12 MHz linear transducers. Examination of intracranial vessels was performed by transcranial color duplex scanning using ultrasonic SSD-5500 and «Sonoline G60» scanners («Siemens», Germany) with linear and phased 2.1-2.5 MHz transducers. Control group consisted of 50 healthy persons. Results. Remodeling of the cerebral arteries: the expansion of the lumen of the main cerebral vessels, reduction of blood flow in the carotid and middle cerebral arteries, decreased elasticity and increased vascular wall rigidity and, as a consequence, a change in vascular resistance and cerebral blood flow disturbance occurs in patients with chronic viral liver diseases. Identified changes of blood flow parameters at all levels of structural and functional brain perfusion indicate the presence of cerebral microangiopathy and arteriopathy based on the development of arteriosclerosis of main arteries and all penetrating arteries and arterioles in patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases. Conclusion. Adaptive remodeling of the vascular wall of the main cerebral arteries which provides an adequate regulatory response is found in patients with hepatitis B and C-associated liver cirrhosis. The reduction of blood supply to the brain, depletion of functional vascular reserve and development of intracranial venous circulatory distress are seen in patients with liver cirrhosis associated with viral hepatitis.

scholarly journals ALGORITHM OF DIAGNOSIS AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC DIFFUSE LIVER DISEASES (CHRONIC HEPATITIS AND LIVER CIRRHOSIS) IN DIFFICULT CLINICAL SITUATIONS, BASED ON DETERMINATION OF ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES OF BLOOD SERUM

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-573
Author(s):  
H.I. Yupatov ◽  
◽  
V.A. Pryshchepenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
Diffuse Liver Diseases

Background. The search for non-invasive criteria for differential diagnosis of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis is one of the urgent tasks of hepatology. Aim. Development of an algorithm for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of chronic diffuse liver diseases (chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis) in difficult clinical situations, namely in patients with questionable results of routine laboratory research. Materials and Methods. 55 patients were examined who had a characteristic clinical picture of chronic diffuse liver diseases, however, the levels of AST and ALT were close to normal values. Chronic hepatitis was confirmed in 14 patients (mean age 55.0±11.2 years), liver cirrhosis in 40 patients (mean age 55.0±9.9 years). The control group included 43 practically healthy individuals (mean age – 52.8±4.2 years). All patients underwent determination of the levels of hyaluronidase, elastase, trypsin-like and deoxyribonuclease serum activities, as well as levels of alpha-1-defensin and interleukin-13 in blood serum. Results. An algorithm for the differential diagnosis of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver was developed, which makes it possible to identify liver disease with odds ratio of 988.0 [CI95%=31.3-31207.7]. Conclusion. The algorithm allows to optimize diagnostic measures in difficult clinical situations.

scholarly journals The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Liver Cirrhosis Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Na Young Lee ◽  
Ki Tae Suk
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases

Liver cirrhosis is one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases worldwide. In addition to viral hepatitis, diseases such as steatohepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, sclerosing cholangitis and Wilson’s disease can also lead to cirrhosis. Moreover, alcohol can cause cirrhosis on its own and exacerbate chronic liver disease of other causes. The treatment of cirrhosis can be divided into addressing the cause of cirrhosis and reversing liver fibrosis. To this date, there is still no clear consensus on the treatment of cirrhosis. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in potential treatments that modulate the gut microbiota and gut-liver axis for the treatment of cirrhosis. According to recent studies, modulation of the gut microbiome by probiotics ameliorates the progression of liver disease. The precise mechanism for relieving cirrhosis via gut microbial modulation has not been identified. This paper summarizes the role and effects of the gut microbiome in cirrhosis based on experimental and clinical studies on absorbable antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. Moreover, it provides evidence of a relationship between the gut microbiome and liver fibrosis.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Mechanisms of Apoptosis and Necroptosis in Liver Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Qingfei Chu ◽  
Xinyu Gu ◽  
Qiuxian Zheng ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Haihong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Cellular Energetics ◽  
Liver Cell Death

In addition to playing a pivotal role in cellular energetics and biosynthesis, mitochondrial components are key operators in the regulation of cell death. In addition to apoptosis, necrosis is a highly relevant form of programmed liver cell death. Differential activation of specific forms of programmed cell death may not only affect the outcome of liver disease but may also provide new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. This review describes the role of mitochondria in cell death and the mechanism that leads to chronic liver hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. We focus on mitochondrial-driven apoptosis and current knowledge of necroptosis and discuss therapeutic strategies for targeting mitochondrial-mediated cell death in liver diseases.

scholarly journals Features of management of patients with liver diseases in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Yuriy A. Kravchuk
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Right Ventricular Failure ◽  
Ventricular Failure ◽  
Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Diffuse Liver Diseases ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase Activity

Liver dysfunction is common with COVID-19 infection, and the prevalence is higher in men as well as in the elderly. Manifestations of liver damage such as high aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activity, increased bilirubin levels, low albumin levels, and prolonged prothrombin time are associated with severe COVID-19 infection. Mortality in patients with diffuse liver diseases without cirrhosis with COVID-19 infection was 12 %, in the presence of liver cirrhosis up to 40%, decompensated liver cirrhosis up to 4363%. The mechanisms of liver damage in COVID-19 include direct hepatotoxicity and indirect liver damage (due to systemic inflammation with impaired immunity, sepsis, hypoxia, ischemia, coagulopathy, endotheliitis, right ventricular failure, worsening of the course of existing liver diseases, drug liver damage). Treatment of patients with diffuse liver diseases includes lifestyle and nutritional modification, the use of hepatoprotective drugs, and means of correcting the intestinal barrier (bibliography: 30 refs).

scholarly journals Complex ultrasonography in the assessment of intrarenal hemodynamic impairments in patients with portal hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
L. V. Donova ◽  
M. S. Novruzbekov ◽  
V. E. Syutkin
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Hepatorenal Syndrome ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Diffuse Liver Diseases

Rationale. Hepatorenal syndrome is a threatening complication in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. The occurrence of renal dysfunction associated with hepatorenal syndrome manifestations significantly affects the condition severity, the disease duration, and the survival time during the waiting period for liver transplantation.The study purpose was to investigate the potential of a complex ultrasonography examination in the assessment of intrarenal hemodynamic impairments in patients with various diffuse liver diseases.Material and methods. The ultrasound examination results of 167 patients were analyzed. The 1st group included 28 patients with confirmed diffuse liver diseases of viral etiology who did not have signs of cirrhosis formation, the 2nd group included 139 patients with liver cirrhosis due to diffuse liver diseases of various etiologies, and the 3-rd group included 137 patients who had previously been in the 2nd group in whom orthotopic liver transplantation was performed.Results. The study revealed a statistically significant increase in the incidence of secondary hemodynamic impairments in kidney function in patients with liver cirrhosis and no relationship of their severity and incidence to the disease etiology, and also to such markers of the portal hypertension severity as splenomegaly, ascites, and portal vein thrombosis.Conclusions. The resistive index measured on the renal arterial branches by Doppler ultrasound, has a certain predictive value in relation to hepatorenal syndrome in patients with liver cirrhosis of various origins. This also makes it possible to timely identify a group of patients at a high risk of developing severe renal dysfunction and to assess the efficacy of the treatment that has been given.

scholarly journals Noninvasive, Accurate Diagnosis of Chronic Liver Diseases Using Whole-Transcriptome Profiling of Platelets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huikun Wu ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
Tianyuan Zhang ◽  
Mingzhong Xiao ◽  
Ye Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases

Abstract Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most serious tumor in the world. It generally undergoes a series of processes from HBV infection, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and HCC from early to late stages. Patients could benefit from early detection of chronic liver diseases (CLD). Tumor-Educated Platelets play an important role in tumor progression, which maybe a potential biomarker for CLD early diagnosis. Here, we developed a noninvasive liquid biopsy technique using platelet RNA for the early screening of patients with liver diseases. Methods: This study included a total of 163 individuals, including 50 healthy individuals, 39 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, 40 liver cirrhosis (LC) and 34 patients with HCC. Blood was collected before initiation of treatment. Platelet RNA-Seq combined with Support Vector Machine (SVM), was used for the first time to distinguish the different stages of CLD in Asian patients.Results: Developed diagnostic model could distinguished with 92.4% accuracy between 34 HCC and 50 healthy, 89.92% accuracy between 34 patients HCC and 129 non-cancer individuals, and 83.67% between 50 healthy and 113 CLD. Across four different individual types, the accuracy of distinction (healthy/chronic hepatitis B/liver cirrhosis/hepatocellular carcinoma) was 65.31%. This model was internally validated, resulting in optimism-corrected AUC's of 86.8%.Conclusions: Our data indicate that the developed platelet RNA-Seq is a valuable platform for the diagnosis of CLD, providing an effective solution for its diagnosis.

scholarly journals The clinical diagnosis of HIV-infection in a specialized hospital

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
V H Fazylov ◽  
E R Manapova ◽  
M L Goltz ◽  
E M Lustikman ◽  
A T Beshimov
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Patient Treatment

Aim. To assess the structure of opportunistic infections and concomitant diseases, including the stage of infection, in patients hospitalized with HIV-infection. Methods. 40 cases of in-patient treatment of patients diagnosed with HIV aged 25 to 42 (mean age 34.26±1.22), male - 26, female - 14, with mean duration of infection 6,7±0,6 years were analyzed. Results. The patients were admitted to the hospital on 17±3.24 day of the disease, including cases of pulmonary diseases (on 23±3.6 day), cases of chronic hepatitis reactivation and liver cirrhosis decompensation (on 30±10.09 day), cases of acute infections (on 7±1.16 day). Previous psychoactive drug use was confirmed in 28 (70.0%) of patients. 13 (32.5%) patients received treatment with antiretroviral drugs, 3 (7.5%) have abandoned it, the rest had never been offered an antiretroviral treatment. According to the classification by V.I. Pokrovsky, the patient were staged as: stage III - 4 (10.0%) patients, stage IVA - 8 (20.0%), IVB - 11 (27.5)%, IVC - 17 (42.5%) patients. Pulmonary diseases were the most prevalent and were diagnosed in 17 (42,5%) patients, including cases of community-acquired pneumonia (focal, multisegmental, interstitial, lobular) in 8 (47.1%) patients, pulmonary tuberculosis (infiltrative, military, intrathoracic lymph nodes tuberculosis) in 9 (52.9)% patients. Liver diseases (chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis B + C, liver cirrhosis) were the most frequent concomitant diseases and were found in 21 (52.5%) patients. Conclusion. Herpes zoster and liver diseases are the most predominant concomitant diseases at the early stages of HIV-infection, whereas ooportunistic infections, tuberculosis, community-acquired pneumonia and sepsis are typical in patients with late stages of HIV-infection.

scholarly journals The Role of IL-35 in the Pathophysiological Processes of Liver Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Hu ◽  
Pan-pan Lian ◽  
Ying Hu ◽  
Xing-yu Zhu ◽  
Shao-wei Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
T Regulatory Cells ◽  
Liver Inflammation ◽  
Regulatory Cells ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Lipid Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Environmental Attack

It is known that liver diseases have several characteristics of massive lipid accumulation and lipid metabolic disorder, and are divided into liver inflammation, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis (LC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients. Interleukin (IL)-35, a new-discovered cytokine, can protect the liver from the environmental attack by increasing the ratio of Tregs (T regulatory cells) which can increase the anti-inflammatory cytokines and inhibit the proliferation of immune cellular. Interestingly, two opposite mechanisms (pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory) have connection with the ultimate formation of liver diseases, which suggest that IL-35 may play crucial function in the process of liver diseases through immunosuppressive regulation. Besides, some obvious advantages also imply that IL-35 can be considered as a new therapeutic target to control the progression of liver diseases, while its mechanism of function still needs further research.

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