scholarly journals On The Evaluation of Water Quality Index: Case Study of Euphrates River, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Omar Khaleefa ◽  
Ammar Hatem Kamel
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Euphrates River

This study is used the water quality index (WQI), which is generated by combining several water quality parameters. This index gives a helpful representation of overall water quality for the public and all intended applications, and it demonstrates that pollution is beneficial in water quality management and decision-making. The Euphrates River was assessed in order to determine the quality of drinking water. The Euphrates River was assessed for drinking water quality using the WQI, which includes ten physicochemical water quality criteria. This was achieved by submitting comprehensive physicochemical analysis of water samples collected from 5 stations in the city of Hit-Iraq during 2020-2021. The ten physicochemical parameters included: pH value, Nitrate (NO3), Sulphate (SO4­), Turbidity, temperature, Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), electric conductivity (EC) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). This was accomplished by submitting a full physicochemical analysis of water samples obtained from 5 sites in Hit, Iraq, between 2020 and 2021. The results of the present study show, the total average WQI was 110,156. The high WQI achieved is caused by the high TDS and magnesium concentration due to the different human activities along the river reach. The Euphrates River quality is classified as 'very poor quality' with a minimum WQI of 97.85 in June and 121.75 in November.

scholarly journals Assessment of groundwater quality in Khulna city of Bangladesh in terms of water quality index for drinking purpose

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asif Mahmud ◽  
Shraboni Sikder ◽  
Jagadish Chandra Joardar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Tube Wells ◽  
Drinking Purpose

Abstract Valuation of water quality index (WQI) is one of the simplest, easily understandable, and efficacious techniques to evaluate the quality and suitability of water for drinking as well as other purposes. This research was aimed to investigate the drinking water quality of tube wells from different areas in Khulna City, Bangladesh, by developing the WQI. Water samples from 59 tube wells were collected from different locations during the pre-monsoon time. pH, electric conductivity (EC), dissolve oxygen (DO), total dissolved solid (TDS), chloride (Cl−), nitrate (NO3−), and total hardness of the collected water samples were analyzed for the calculation of WQI. The mean value for pH, EC, DO, TDS, Cl−1, NO3−, and total hardness was 7.30, 1650 μS/cm, 1.60 mg/l, 1188.7 mg/l, 414.6 mg/l, 0.029 mg/l, and 52.03 mg/l, respectively. The calculated WQI values for individual places were distributed spatially through mapping by using ArcGIS software. Based on the WQI values, the drinking water was categorized into excellent, good, poor, very poor, and unfit for drinking purposes. The calculated WQI values ranged from 40.11 to 454.37 with an average value of 108.94. Among all the groundwater samples, 11.86% were excellent, 54.24% were good, 23.73% were poor, 1.69% were very poor, and 8.47% were unfit for drinking purpose based on WQI. The results showed that the groundwater quality of most of the studied areas of Khulna city could be considered safe and suitable for drinking barring the elevated EC and chloride content in some areas. Since Khulna city is situated in the southwestern part of Bangladesh and gradually approaches toward the base level of the Bay of Bengal which might be the source of salt concentration in the groundwater of Khulna city, Bangladesh.

scholarly journals CLASSIFICATION AND ZONING OF WATER QUALITY FOR THREE MAIN RIVERS IN BINH TRI THIEN REGION (CENTRAL VIETNAM) BASED ON WATER QUALITY INDEX

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-444
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Hop ◽  
Thuy Chau To ◽  
Truong Quy Tung
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Dissolved Iron ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
Total Dissolved Iron

Huong, Thach Han and Kien Giang rivers are the important surface water sources in Thua ThienHue, Quang Tri and Quang Binh provinces, respectively (in Central Vietnam). The river water samples were taken monthly (from June 2001 to May 2002 for Kien Giang river and from January to December of 2004 for Thach Han and Huong rivers) at selected sites. The temperature, pH, conductivity (EC), salinity, turbidity (TUR), DO, COD, BOD5, nitrate, ammonia, phosphate, total solids (TS), hardness, total dissolved iron, total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of water samples were analyzed. Water quality index developed by Bhargava (Bhargava-WQI) was modified and applied to assess water quality of the above mentioned rivers. Based on Bhargava-WQI, the classification and zoning of the rivers for beneficial uses were carried out. The results obtained show that the water quality index can be used as an efficient tool for the water quality management and water pollution control of the rivers. 

scholarly journals Efficiency of Treatment Plant and Drinking Water Quality Assessment from Source to Household, Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Belay Desye ◽  
Biniam Belete ◽  
Zinabu Asfaw Gebrezgi ◽  
Tsegaye Terefe Reda
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Residual Chlorine

Introduction. Access to safe drinking water is essential to health, and it is a basic human right. However, drinking water treatment plant efficiency and its water quality are not well investigated in low-income countries including Ethiopia. Methods. A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 75 water samples. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 22 to generate descriptive statistics, and one-way ANOVA was used to test statistically significant difference. Results. Physicochemical qualities of the water samples from tap water sources were found to be pH (6.88 ± 0.05), turbidity (5.15 ± 0.006 NTU), electrical conductivity (170.6 ± 0.1 μS/cm), residual chlorine (0.19 ± 0.003 mg/L), and fluoride (1.17 ± 0.009 mg/L). The removal efficiency of turbidity, total hardness, and nitrate was found to be 94.4%, 52.3%, and 88.7%, respectively. Removal efficiency of the treatment plant for total coliforms up to 91.6% (15 ± 0.26 CFU/100 mL in tap water) and faecal coliforms up to 99% (1.51 ± 0.03 CFU/100 mL in tap water) was recorded. Parameters of pH, temperature, and faecal coliform were statistically significant different at p < 0.05 in tap water source. The overall efficiency of the treatment plant (68.5%) and the water quality index (76) were recorded. Conclusion. Based on the results, some of the investigated parameters of water quality (turbidity, residual chlorine, total coliform, and faecal coliform) were found to be not within the permissible limits of WHO guideline values for drinking water quality. The water quality index of the water samples was categorized under good water quality. To adequately treat drinking water and improve the treatment plant, adequate preliminary treatments like screening to reduce the incoming organic loading, proper chlorination of the drinking water system, and frequent monitoring and maintenance of the treatment plant system are required.

scholarly journals Developing Water Quality Index to Assess the Quality of the Drinking Water

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 2345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahad Esmaeel Mohammed ◽  
Khalid Adel Abdulrazzaq
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Euphrates River

In the present study, an attempt has been to develop a new water quality index (WQI) method that depends on the Iraqi specifications for drinking water (IQS 417, 2009)  to assess the validity of the Euphrates River for drinking by classifying the quality of the river water at different stations along its entire reach inside the Iraqi lands. The proposed classifications by this method are: Excellent, Good, Acceptable, Poor, and Very poor. Eight water quality parameters have been selected to represent the quality of the river water these are: Ion Hydrogen Concentration (pH), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na), Chloride (Cl), Sulphate (SO_4), Nitrate (NO_3), and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). The variation of the water quality parameters along the river have been represented by graphs using Excel.2013 software. The results revealed that the quality of the Euphrates River ranges from “Good” to “Poor”, it enters the Iraqi borders with “Good” water quality and gradually its quality begins to decrease after it receives pollution from many sources such as domestic sewage and different industrial effluents until its quality becomes “Poor” according to the proposed classification. Finally the proposed WQI can be used as a tool to assess the quality of the river with both place and time.

scholarly journals Variation of Water Quality of Four Micro Watersheds Outlets in Upstream of Mahaweli River during Maha Cropping Season

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.S. Abeysingha ◽  
M.I. Madusanka ◽  
B. Rotawewa ◽  
N. Gunasena
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health

Non-point source, agriculture based pollutants have been identified as one of the main cause for water pollution in Sri Lanka. Naranhinna, Pambadeniya Kappeti-Ela, and Rajamale micro watersheds located in the Kandy district have been identified by the project on Rehabilitation of degraded agricultural lands in the Central Highlands implemented by Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) to rehabilitate through watershed management plan. This study assessed the baseline water quality status of these micro watersheds by obtaining water samples at the outlet of each watersheds during the Maha cropping seasons 2018/2019. Three replicates water samples from each outlets were collected six times and analysed for EC , pH, TDS, CO32-, HCO3-, NO3-, NH4+, available P, total K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, As, Cd, Cr, Mn, and Pb using standard methods. Most of the tested drinking water quality parameters in all four micro watersheds were within the permissible limits of World Health Organisation (WHO) standard except Fe and NH4+. Observed Fe contents exceeded the WHO limits (0.3 mg/L) of all watersheds and was in the range of 1.2-1.5 mg/L. Concentration of NH4+ at Kappeti Ela, Rajamale, and Pambadeniya was in the range of 0.5 to 0.7 mg/L which exceeded the WHO standard (0.5 mg/L). Using the tested parameters, study calculated drinking water quality index (DWQI) and also irrigation water quality index (IWQI) for all investigated micro watersheds for each of the sampling date. According to the guideline, mean DWQI (19 to 48.1) graded the water of all micro watersheds as excellent while IWQI (8.7-9.2) characterised them as excellent for any crops during the study period.

Evaluation of Ground Water Quality For AL Shuwayja area –Wasit Provence Using GIS Technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ali Nasser Hilo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Ground Water Quality ◽  
Water Index ◽  
The City

The low level of water in rivers in Iraq leads to poor water quality, on that basis; we need to assess Iraq's water resources for uses of irrigation and drinking water. This study present a model accounts for ground water quality by using a water quality index (WQI) for the region defined between the city of Kut and the city of Badra in Wasit province. this study relies on a system of wells set up along the path through the Badra –Kut  and around it  up to 78 wells. The study showed poor quality of ground water in the region of study and it is unsuitability for irrigation and drinking water, as well as provided a solution to the water accumulated in the Shuwayja to reduce the bad effect on groundwater by using a system of branch and collection canals  then pumping at the effluent  of Al  Shuwayja in seasons of rainy season ..Water quality index calculated depend on the basis of various physic-chemical parameters as PH, Ec , TDS, TSS, Nacl , SO4 ,Na , and  Mg. The resultant and analytical are present with use of Arch GIS program – geostastical analysis for the water index and water quality parameters

scholarly journals Calculating Required Purification Effort to Turn Source Water into Drinking Water Using an Adapted CCME Water Quality Index

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre van den Doel ◽  
Geert H van Kollenburg ◽  
Thomas D.N. van Remmen ◽  
Joanne A de Jonge ◽  
Gerard J Stroomberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Source Water

scholarly journals A study on ground water quality of industrial area at Gajraula (U.P.), India

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Malik ◽  
Pawan Kumar ◽  
Umesh Bharti
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Marginal Values

The present study aims to identify the ground water contamination problem in villages located in the close vicinity of Gajraula industrial area at Gajraula (U.P.), India. Ground water samples were collected from different villages at the depth of 40 and 120 feet from earth’s surface layer. Analytical techniques as described in the standard methods for examination of water and waste water were adopted for physico-chemical analysis of ground water samples and the results compared with the standards given by WHO and BIS guidelines for drinking water. Water quality index was calculated for quality standard of ground water for drinking purposes. The present investigation revealed that the water quality is moderately degraded due to high range of seven water quality parameters such as Temperature (18.33-32.36 0C), conductivity (925.45-1399.59 μmho/cm), TDS (610.80-923.73 mgL-1), Alkalinity (260.17- 339.83 mgL-1), Ca-Hardness (129.68-181.17 mgL-1), Mg-Hardness (94.07-113.50 mgLÉ1) and COD (13.99-25.62 mgL-1). The water quality index (WQI) also indicated the all the water quality rating comes under the standard marginal values (45-64) i.e. water quality is frequently threatened or impaired and conditions usually depart from natural or desirable levels.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Quality Index for the Groundwater in Tumkur Taluk, Karnataka State, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Ramakrishnaiah ◽  
C. Sadashivaiah ◽  
G. Ranganna
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Iron Manganese

The present work is aimed at assessing the water quality index (WQI) for the groundwater of Tumkur taluk. This has been determined by collecting groundwater samples and subjecting the samples to a comprehensive physicochemical analysis. For calculating the WQI, the following 12 parameters have been considered: pH, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, total dissolved solids, iron, manganese and fluorides. The WQI for these samples ranges from 89.21 to 660.56. The high value of WQI has been found to be mainly from the higher values of iron, nitrate, total dissolved solids, hardness, fluorides, bicarbonate and manganese in the groundwater. The results of analyses have been used to suggest models for predicting water quality. The analysis reveals that the groundwater of the area needs some degree of treatment before consumption, and it also needs to be protected from the perils of contamination

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