scholarly journals An Examination of the Role Female Traders Play in the Liberian Economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Alvin Boye Dolo*
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Descriptive Survey

This study access the Investigation into the Involvement of Liberia Women in cross Border Trade at the Guinea Border with Liberia; 2014-2016.” The significance of the include: The research findings are of value to the various industries in the region that will have available information on the functions of the cross border trade. Government and policy makers. The study was carried out through a descriptive survey design. The target group for the purposes of this study was importers and exporters at border point. The study focused on female traders on the Liberia side of the border. The total population of the study is 500 registered female traders with a sample size of 70 respondents. The study used both primary and secondary data was used in this research. The study shows that 25 respondents representing 42% and all comprising of females in the study were between 30 – 39 years and another 16 respondents representing 26% and all comprising of female in the study were between 20– 29 years. The study shows that 30 respondents representing 50% in the study agreed that Liberia Females are involved in Traders at the border between Guinea and Liberia, 20 respondents representing 33% and all comprising of females in the study agreed that the involvement of Liberia Female Traders at the Liberian and Guinean has an impact on the development of trade at the Liberian and Guinean border. Base on the findings the researcher concludes that: The regional Governments have made considerable efforts in reducing the incentives to trade informally, by diminishing the costs of formal importing/ exporting; enhancing compliance levels with existing regulations; and improving trading opportunities and services for traders in the formal sector. The study recommends that: 1) Formulation of the Customs Management Act, the Customs Management Regulations outlining standard forms and fees payable across the region. 2) Simplifying and reducing documentation.

scholarly journals Impact of Human Capital Development on Small and Medium Scale Enterprise in Some Selected Firms in Ananmbra State

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Anugwu Clara Chika ◽  
Nwosu Kanayo Chike
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
Descriptive Survey

This study examine the effects of human capital development in Small and Medium-Scale Enterprises (SMEs) and entrepreneurship performance and improvement in some selected SME firms in Anambra State. Descriptive survey design was used in the study. The total population of the study was 270. Findings revealed that human capital development helps in improving the performance of firms through training of employees fro greater performance of SMEs; developing efficiency of the SMEs; influencing the proactiveness of the employees; enhancing the flexibility of the employees; and improving service delivery of the employees. This study recommended that firms should develop human capital development so as to avoid stagnation of the skills of the employee. The study further recommended that firms should utilize human capital development so that it would not affect the quality of service delivery of SMEs.

Bribery: cost of doing business in Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Adefolake Adeyeye
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Available Information

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the implications of foreign bribery and perceptions that bribery is just a cost of doing business in Africa in light of recent reports and developments in the global attempt to curb bribery and corruption. Design/methodology/approach The research relied on primary data from anti-corruption legislation, surveys and monitoring reports and secondary data from publicly available information, journal articles and media reports to analyse recent developments in the fight against corruption with a special focus on Africa. Findings The research findings and analysis suggest that foreign bribery, which is illegal but largely carried out with impunity and perceived as a just a cost of doing business in Africa, has heavy costs on developing nations and on corporations and individuals that are prosecuted. Although much has been done to curb corruption, it seems active enforcement takes place in only a limited number of countries. There is still the need for enhanced enforcement by nations, increased societal awareness of effective measures against corruption and improved corporate compliance and responsibility. Originality/value The paper contributes practical insights into improvements and lapses in the fight against foreign bribery and corruption. Using recent and relevant analysis, the paper revisits the resilience of bribery and corruption in spite of increased anti-corruption actions and the need for multiple and varied measures. The information provided will be useful for governments, corporations and civil society in the fight against corruption, which requires constant multilateral action and examination.

scholarly journals Insurance Purchase: Price, Product, Promotion and Consumers Attitude Perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
OWOLABI Adenike Olanrewaju ◽  
AGBOOLA Omoniyi Oladipupo
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Insurance Product ◽  
Insurance Firms ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
The Impact

This paper describes the impact of consumer’s attitude on the purchase of insurance product in Nigeria. The attitudes, most often negative, are mirrored through low patronage of insurance services. Data were collected through the use of self-structured closed questionnaire. The research adopted a descriptive survey design. One hundred and fifty (150) questionnaires were administered, however only one hundred and thirty two (132) were properly filled and good enough for data analysis. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Regression Analysis were used to test the hypotheses generated for the study at 0.05 alpha levels. The result of the study showed that there is a significant relationship between customer’s attitude and insurance product. Findings also revealed that there is a significant relationship between product awareness and price. Findings from the survey further revealed that promotion of insurance products have significant influence on consumers buying behavior. Insurance companies are advised to guarantee that their services are dependable and reliable, in that the services should not require an excessive amount of bureaucratic procedure of their customers in taking an insurance policy or getting their claim. Other feasible measures to boost patronage of insurance products were recommended for insurance firms and policy-makers.

scholarly journals Cross-Border Open Innovation of Early Stage Tech Incubation: A Case Study of FORGE, the First UK-China Accelerator Program

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunming Shao ◽  
Lei Shi
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Border Trade

This paper is a case study of FORGE, the first UK-China cross border accelerator program, conducted in the context of TusPark Newcastle, an overseas innovation center by TUS Holdings in the United Kingdom. It engages with current research that examines the role of trust, particularly in the area of cross-border trade. We suggest that this is especially pertinent for early stage technology companies, since in many cases, their products, business models and even founder reputations, are more unformed. We also look at the topic of cross-border incubation, particularly with China as the target market, and provide new insights for understanding the channels and barriers for international commercialization in China for early stage tech startups. Finally, we provide some suggestions for policy-makers on both sides to better coordinate efforts to increase innovation relationships like FORGE.

scholarly journals TEACHERS’ PREPAREDNESS TOWARDS IMPLEMENTATION OF FREE PRIMARY EDUCATION IN BUNGOMA COUNTY, KENYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-220
Author(s):  
Carolyne Nabwoba Simiyu
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Preparation ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Head Teachers ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Free Primary Education ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Descriptive Survey

The launch of the Free Primary Education (FPE) in 2003 by the Kenyan government lead to an increase in enrolment of learners in primary schools which posed a challenge to the teacher preparation of handling large number of learners. This paper therefore discusses teacher preparedness with reference to FPE in Bungoma East District in Kenya. A descriptive survey design was used in this study. The target population was head teachers, teachers and the school management committee chair persons. Since there are rural and urban schools, stratified sampling was done to get a more representative sample. Instruments for data collection were questionnaires, interview schedule, and document analysis and observation schedules. Most teachers feel inadequate in handling challenges of FPE on resource utilization due to inadequate in-service programmes. The findings will inform the policy makers in making informed decisions towards proper teacher preparation for FPE implementation.

scholarly journals Economic Implications of Marketing Structure of Banana and Plantain Fruits for the Development of Rural Communities in Enugu State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Obetta Angela Ebere ◽  
Obetta K Chukwuemeka ◽  
Achike Anthonia Ifeyinwa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
International Donor ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Distribution Of Income

There is increase in the level of purchase and consumption of banana and plantain due to their nutritional requirements. This led to increase in the number of market dealers on banana and plantain. Therefore, the study assessed the marketing channel and structure of banana and plantain in Enugu State, Nigeria. Adopting a descriptive survey design, copies of the instrument were administered to 160 banana and plantain sellers. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Gini co-efficient. The results showed that majority of the respondents were married females who attained primary education. Majority of the wholesalers obtained their products directly from farmers while 71.80% of the retailers obtained from the wholesalers. The results of the Gini co-efficient for banana and plantain sellers showed low levels of inequitable distribution of income among them. However, inequalities existed more at retail level than at the wholesale level. Recommendations included that international donor should provide links between prospective banana and plantain farmers, policy makers and researchers to identify and analyze new ways of encouraging the market for mutual co-operation and structure for an effective banana and plantain marketing system.

scholarly journals CONSCIOUSNESS AND PRECAUTIONARY HABIT RELATING TO COVID-19 INFECTIONS AMONG STUDENTS IN NWAFOR ORIZU COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, NSUGBE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
NWANKWO NONYELUM STELLA
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
College Of Education ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Descriptive Survey

Objective: Similar to outbreaks of many other infectious diseases, success in controlling the novel coronavirus infection requires a timely and accurate monitoring of the epidemic. The main objective of the present study is to assess consciousness and precautionary habit relating to COVID-19 infections among students. Methods: The descriptive survey research design method was used. The researcher formulated two research questions. A self-developed questionnaire was adopted for data collection. The sample size consists of students in Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe, selected using purposive random sampling technique, subsequently, thirty copies of the questionnaire were administered by the researcher. Mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the data. Results: The study showed among other findings that students are conscious about the possibility of the disease transmission by droplets when an infected person cough, sneezes, or speaks. These findings have the vantage of providing the researchers, government, students, policy makers, and government with adequate and correct baseline data on consciousness and precautionary habit relating to COVID-19 infections among students. Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it was concluded that the world has a long history of successful efforts to prevent or cure widespread infections. The main points in preventing the spread in society are hand hygiene, social distancing, and quarantine. With increased testing capacity, detecting more positive patients in the community will also enable the reduction of secondary cases with stricter quarantine rules.

Economic Sanctions and International Security

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Policy Goal ◽  
Trade Disputes ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Single Target ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
Effective Use

Economic sanctions are a versatile instrument of statecraft used by states to try to influence the behavior of foreign actors by threatening or restricting customary cross-border trade or financial flows to an intended target. Examples of economic sanctions are retaliatory tariffs imposed in trade disputes and the complete cessation of economic flows aimed at undermining a certain regime. The importance of economic sanctions to policy makers has spawned a substantial amount of scholarly work dominated by two questions: whether sanctions “work” and whether states should use them. The long-running scholarly debate about whether sanctions work is essentially a dispute over how to classify cases. However, comparing cases of success and failure is problematic, in part because the very notion of what constitutes the successful use of sanctions is not clear and policy makers rarely seek to influence a single target or pursue a single policy goal when using sanctions. One of the most promising developments in the literature has been the increasing use of game theory to analyze sanctions, but this approach does not adequately determine the appropriateness of sanctions as a policy instrument. Sanctions research should focus instead on the basic strategic dynamics of the sanctions episode in order to identify those factors that contribute most strongly to the effective use of sanctions and to enable policy makers to understand more about the consequences of using sanctions as an instrument of statecraft.

scholarly journals Gendered Dimensions of Trade: Evidence from Arunachal Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-96
Author(s):  
Kaushalendra Pratap Singh ◽  
Saumya . ◽  
Chetna K. Rathore
Keyword(s):  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Arunachal Pradesh ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
Grassroots Level ◽  
Medium Enterprises

International trade has traditionally played an essential role in driving women-centric economic empowerment. Women’s participation as owners or managers has remained consistently low over the years. In India's case, a previous study conducted by UNDP revealed that women entrepreneurs preferred engaging in informal cross-border business as it was less risky with no tax burdens and their discomfort in dealing with male customs officials (UNDP, 2016). One of the critical limitations of active business engagement is socio-economic and cultural restriction, especially at the grassroots level. The case in Arunachal Pradesh is no different, as the concept of entrepreneurship of women in this field is a relatively recent phenomenon. In Arunachal Pradesh, the market is mainly controlled by women, yet women's participation in small and medium enterprises is less in number. In this context, the current paper discusses the nature of women entrepreneurs’ role in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and cross-border trade. It unveils the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in Arunachal Pradesh and along with industrial and policy-related bottlenecks. The discussion is based on the primary data collected from the women-led/managed/owned MSMEs to study the gender dimensions of trade in Arunachal Pradesh. The findings of the study are that women entrepreneurship primarily gravitates around smaller-sized firms, with most women-led enterprises accounting for micro-enterprises in the formal sector. Like elsewhere in Arunachal Pradesh too, there remain socio-economic and cultural restrictions, especially at the grassroots level. Women lag in terms of awareness about import and export, technology, and dedicated bank accounts. Submitted: 16 October 2020; Revised: 18 March 2021; Accepted: 08 April 2021

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF EMPLOYEE REWARD ON INNOVATION PERFORMANCE OF DTS IN KENYA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Grace Wanjiru Njine ◽  
Dr. Joyce Nzulwa ◽  
Dr. Mary Kamaara ◽  
Dr. Kepha Ombui
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Descriptive Survey

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of employee reward on Innovation Performance of DTS in Kenya.Methodology: This study adopted a descriptive survey design. The sampling frame of this study was derived from the database of the SASRA. Multistage sampling was used to select the sample of the study. The population of the study was the 181 DTS’s operating in Kenya while the target population was 18 DTS’s.  The respondents were individual management staff. A questionnaire was used to gather primary data. Secondary data was collected through review of published literature such as journals articles, published theses and textbooks. Information was sorted, coded and input into the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 for production of graphs, tables, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.Results: The study found out that employee reward and innovation performance are positively and significant related (r=0.113, p=0.001).Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: It was recommended that both financial rewards (e.g. bonuses, pay, profit sharing) and Non-financial rewards (health insurance, holidays) be included in the employee reward human resource practice. This will lead to employee’s motivation to engage in creative activities and therefore high innovation performance will be registered.

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