Biological control of nematodes by nematode-trapping fungi Duddingtonia flagrans in naturally infected sheep in southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Luciane Holsback ◽  
Heloísa E. Lima ◽  
Petrônio P. Porto ◽  
Ellen dS. Marquez ◽  
Franciele G. dS. Zacarias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Larval Culture ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Nematode Larvae ◽  
Parasitic Load ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-helminthic effect of a commercial formulation Bioverm® (Duddingtonia flagrans) in 28 sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. Animals were classified into two groups: G1 (n=14) treated with nematophagous fungi and G2 (n=14) untreated control. The efficacy of the anti-helminthic drug was assessed based on the egg count per gram of feces (EPG) of strongyles, larval culture, hemogram, leukogram, plasma protein levels, mucosal coloration using the FAMACHA© method, animals body weight, and evaluating the ocular mucosa for the FAMACHA© anemia guide were performed at days 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180. Additionally, the nematode larvae were quantified in the dry matter of the pastures of both groups. Results showed that the EPG was significantly decreased in animals receiving nematophagous fungi from D30 until the experiment end. The most common nematode genus was Haemonchus (63%), followed by Cooperia (23%) and Trichostrongylus (15%). Based on the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT), treated animals showed a reduction of fecal egg count of 58.9%, 8.6, 92.8%, 96.4%, and 96.2%, at D30, D60, D90, D120, and D180, respectively. The absolute values of red blood cells and leukocytes were significantly increased at D60 and D90, respectively, in the treated animals. A significant weight gain was observed in the treated ewes at the end of the experiment; however, there was no correlation between the EPGs values and hematocrit with the FAMACHA© degrees of animals in both experimental groups. The mean EPG of both groups and the number of infectious larvae in the pastures were not directly proportional. In conclusion, nematophagous fungi contributed to decreased parasitic load in sheep, and consequently, improve animal performance; they can be a suitable alternative to reduce problems associated with nematode infections.

scholarly journals Coadministration of Nematophagous Fungi for Biological Control over Nematodes in Bovine in the South-Eastern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Dias Luns ◽  
Rafaela Carolina Lopes Assis ◽  
Laryssa Pinheiro Costa Silva ◽  
Carolina Magri Ferraz ◽  
Fábio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 1

This study compared the coadministration among the three nematode predatory fungi, Duddingtonia flagrans, Monacrosporium thaumasium, and Arthrobotrys robusta, in the biological control of cattle gastrointestinal nematodiasis in comparison with the use of the fungus D. flagrans alone. Five groups consisting of eight Girolando heifers were kept in paddocks of Brachiaria decumbens for six months. Each heifer received 1 g/10 kg of pellets containing the fungi (0.2 g of fungus/10 kg b.w.). Group 1 (G1) received pellets with D. flagrans and M. thaumasium in coadministration, G2 received D. flagrans and A. robusta, G3 received M. thaumasium, A. robusta, and D. flagrans, and G4 received the fungus D. flagrans alone. Group 5 (control) received pellets without fungi. The monthly mean of fecal egg count (FEC) of Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 93.8, 85.3, 82.7, and 96.4% smaller than the mean of control group. The treatments with pellets containing D. flagrans or D. flagrans + M. thaumasium produced significantly better results than the D. flagrans + A. robusta or the combination of the three fungi. The associations which include A. robusta were less efficient in this study than D. flagrans alone or associated with M. thaumasium.

scholarly journals Clinical effectiveness of autohemotherapy as an adjuvant in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane Holsback ◽  
Camile Sanches Silva ◽  
Petrônio Pinheiro Porto ◽  
Emília Paiva Porto ◽  
Ellen Souza Marquez
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Larval Culture ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
The Mean

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of autohemotherapy as an adjuvant in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. Four experimental groups were formed: G1, 10 animals receiving autologous venous blood; G2, 10 animals receiving autologous venous blood and vermifuge containing levamisole; G3, 10 animals receiving only vermifuge containing levamisole; and G4, 10 animals as the control group receiving no treatment. We performed fecal egg count (eggs per gram, EPG) of strongyles, larval culture, hemogram, leukogram, and serum protein dosage prior to the start of treatment (D0), and on days 14 (D14) and 42 (D42). There was a significant decrease in the EPG of the groups receiving levamisole (G2 and G3) from D14 to the end of the experimental period. At the end of the evaluations, the mean EPG of G2 and G3 was significantly lower than that of G1 and G4. The most common nematode genus was Haemonchus (88%), and the least common was Trichostrongylus (1%). The Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) of G2 and G3 on D14 were 98.1% and 97.9%, respectively, however, in G1, the FECRT was zero on the two days when evaluation took place. G1 and G2 showed a significant increase in monocyte counts on D14 and D42. There was a significant increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin values in G2 and G3, however, a significant increase in the absolute value of red blood cells was observed only in G2. Two doses of autohemotherapy at 21-day intervals, administered alone or as an adjuvant to levamisole, is ineffective in controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected sheep.

scholarly journals Biological Effect of Leaf Aqueous Extract ofCaesalpinia pyramidalisin Goats Naturally Infected with Gastrointestinal Nematodes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Robson Borges-dos-Santos ◽  
Jorge A. López ◽  
Luciano C. Santos ◽  
Farouk Zacharias ◽  
Jorge Maurício David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Leaf Aqueous Extract ◽  
The Mean

Forty-eight goats naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes were randomly divided into four groups (n=12): negative control (G1) (untreated), positive control (G2) (treated with doramectin, 1 mL/50 Kg b.w.), and G3 and G4 treated with 2.5 and 5 mg/Kg b.w. of a leaf aqueous extract ofCaesalpinia pyramidalis(CP). Fecal and blood samples were regularly collected for the evaluation of fecal egg count (FEC), hematological and immunological parameters to assess the anthelmintic activity. In treated animals with CP, there was noted a significant reduction of 54.6 and 71.2% in the mean FEC (P<0.05). An increase in IgA levels was observed in G3 and G4 (P<0.05), during the experimental period, suggesting that it was stimulated by the extract administration. In conclusion, the results showed that CP provoked a protective response in infected animals treated with them. This response could be partly explained by the CP chemical composition.

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF NEMATODE RESISTANCE TO ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS IN TWO GOAT FARMS IN TERENGGANU

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Abubakar ◽  
Asmad Kari ◽  
Zawawi Ismail ◽  
Tijjani Haruna Usman ◽  
Abdul Rashid Baba
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Veterinary Research ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Methods Of Control ◽  
Anthelmintic Drugs

Gastrointestinal nematodes considered to be among the factors that could affect the goats’ productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the current status of nematode resistance to anthelminthic drugs in two farms (Veterinary Research Academy Jenang, Marang and Hulu Seladang Setiu Farms). The goats were randomly divided into five treatments which include control (A), albendazole oral administration (B), levamisole oral administration (C), ivermectin subcutaneous injection (D) and ivermectin pour on groups (E). After two weeks of the treatment the feces were collected and fecal egg count was examined. The mean of fecal egg count reduction (FECR) obtained was not statistically (p>0.05) different between the treatments, and FECR% was lower than 66% in all of the five treatments (A, B, C, D and E). In conclusion, two farms revealed the resistance of nematode to Albendazole, Levamisole, and Ivermectin anthelmintic drugs. This study suggested that the anthelmintic treatment is unlikely to be the suitable method of controlling nematode population, thus studies are needed to investigate further on the effectiveness of other methods of control such as the use of herbs.

scholarly journals Predatory activity of nematophagous fungi on infective larvae of Ancylostoma sp.: evaluation in vitro and after passing through the gastrointestinal tract of dogs

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.O. Carvalho ◽  
J.V. Araújo ◽  
F.R. Braga ◽  
J.M. Araujo ◽  
A.R. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Predatory Activity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Predatory Capacity ◽  
I 31

AbstractThe predatory capacity of nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001), Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34a), M. appendiculatum (CGI), M. sinense (SF53), Arthrobotrys conoides (I-40), A. cladodes (CG719) and A. robusta (I-31) on infective Ancylostoma sp. larvae (L3) was evaluated. Compared with the control without fungi there was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) of 87.02%, 82.74%, 47.93%, 60.49%, 76.89%, 71.33% and 86.02% in the mean number of Ancylostoma sp. (L3) recovered from treatments with the isolates AC001, NF34a, CGI, SF53, I-40, CG719 and I-31, respectively. Isolates AC001, I-31 and NF34a were more effective in capturing L3 during the in vitro assay. Isolates were then in vivo evaluated for the capacity to remain viable after passing through the gastrointestinal tract of dogs, while still maintaining their predatory activity against L3. Fungal isolates survived the passage and showed efficient predation 48 h after fungal administration to the dogs (P < 0.05). After this time, only the isolate NF34a remained effective up to 96 h after administration (P < 0.05). Monacrosporium thaumasium, D. flagrans and A. robusta are potential biological control agents of Ancylostoma sp. in dogs.

scholarly journals Control of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes using the combination of Duddingtonia flagrans and Levamisole Hydrochloride 5%

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela ◽  
Thais Ferreira Feitosa ◽  
Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
Vanessa Diniz Vieira ◽  
Samuel Cavalcante de Lucena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the action of D. flagrans pellets in association with Levamisole Hydrochloride 5% for controlling sheep gastrointestinal nematodes in the northeastern Brazil. Three groups of six sheep each were formed: group 1 received 3 g of the pellets (0.6 g of D. flagrans mycelium) for each 10 kg b.w., twice a week for six months, and deworming with Levamisole Hydrochloride 5% when EPG ≥ 1500; group 2 received a dosage of Levamisole Hydrochloride 5% when EPG ≥ 1500; and group 3 received 3 g of pellets without fungi for each 10 kg b.w., twice a week for six months. EPG counts, larval cultures, packed cell volume (PCV) and weighing were performed every 15 days; monthly, samples of grass from each paddock were collected. The mean EPG of the groups began to statistically differ from day 30 (p < 0.05). Group 1 required less deworming with Levamisole Hydrochloride 5% and showed superiority of PCV values throughout the experiment (p < 0.05). There was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in L3 recovery in the group 1 paddock from day 30 onwards. The use of D. flagrans pellets in association with Levamisole Hydrochloride 5% was effective for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes.

scholarly journals Survey of nematophagous fungi in South Africa : research communication

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.T. Durand ◽  
H.M. Boshoff ◽  
L.M. Michael ◽  
R.C. Krecek
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Research Communication ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Nematode Larvae ◽  
Game Animals

Three hundred and eighty-four samples of leaf litter, soil, faeces from domestic and game animals, compost and aqueous cultures of infective nematode larvae contaminated with unidentified fungi were plated out on water agar, baited with pure infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus, incubated and examined for the presence of nematophagous fungi. Duddingtonia flagrans was isolated from five samples, and 73 samples were positive for other nematophagous fungi.

Increased S100B Levels in Cannabis Use Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huseyin Bayazit ◽  
Erdinc Cicek ◽  
Salih Selek ◽  
Nurten Aksoy ◽  
I. Fatih Karababa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
S100b Protein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorder ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
S100 Calcium Binding Protein ◽  
The Mean

Background: It has been determined that cannabis has adverse effects on brain tissue, and that increased S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B) blood levels are markers of neuronal damage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the S100B levels in cannabis use disorder. Method: Thirty-two patients with cannabis use disorder and 31 matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Appropriate blood samples were taken from the enrolled subjects, and the serum S100B protein levels were measured with an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for the quantification of the protein. Findings: We found significantly increased S100B protein levels in patients with cannabis use disorder. The mean serum concentration of S100B was 0.081 ± 0.018 μg/l in patients with cannabis use disorder, and 0.069 ± 0.018 μg/l in the control group (p = 0.008). Interpretation: Our data suggest that elevated S100B protein levels might indicate neuronal damage in the brains of people with cannabis use disorder.

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