scholarly journals Biological Effect of Leaf Aqueous Extract ofCaesalpinia pyramidalisin Goats Naturally Infected with Gastrointestinal Nematodes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Robson Borges-dos-Santos ◽  
Jorge A. López ◽  
Luciano C. Santos ◽  
Farouk Zacharias ◽  
Jorge Maurício David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Leaf Aqueous Extract ◽  
The Mean

Forty-eight goats naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes were randomly divided into four groups (n=12): negative control (G1) (untreated), positive control (G2) (treated with doramectin, 1 mL/50 Kg b.w.), and G3 and G4 treated with 2.5 and 5 mg/Kg b.w. of a leaf aqueous extract ofCaesalpinia pyramidalis(CP). Fecal and blood samples were regularly collected for the evaluation of fecal egg count (FEC), hematological and immunological parameters to assess the anthelmintic activity. In treated animals with CP, there was noted a significant reduction of 54.6 and 71.2% in the mean FEC (P<0.05). An increase in IgA levels was observed in G3 and G4 (P<0.05), during the experimental period, suggesting that it was stimulated by the extract administration. In conclusion, the results showed that CP provoked a protective response in infected animals treated with them. This response could be partly explained by the CP chemical composition.

scholarly journals The population, protein profile and ultrastructure of Ascaridia galli in chicken treated using Areca catechu crude aqueous extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
W. W. Mubarokah ◽  
W. Nurcahyo ◽  
J. Prastowo ◽  
K. Kurniasih
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
Crude Aqueous Extract

The study aimed at investigating the population, the protein profile and the ultrastructure of adult worms in the intestine of domestic chicken treated using Areca catechu crude aqueous extract. Fifty domestic female chickens of 6 weeks of age were assigned to 5 groups. Group A (negative control) was not given any treatment and any drug. Groups B, C and D were given the treatment at the doses of 26 mg/mL, 53 mg/mL and 79 mg/mL, respectively. Group E (positive control) was given Pyrantel®. Necropsy was conducted to all of the chickens 14 days after the treatment. Adult worms were collected and counted. The worms used in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were those collected from the jejunum of the chickens in the groups A, B and C. The biggest number of the worms was found in the jejunum. The results of electrophoresis showed that the dose 53 mg/mL gave fewer protein bands than the negative control (21:12 ratio), while the results of the SEM showed that there was cuticle damage and anterior labia abrasion at the dose of 53 mg/mL. The Areca catechu crude aqueous extract showed anthelmintic activity potential by reducing the number of the adult worms, lowering their protein profile and damaging the A. galli worms in the intestine.

scholarly journals Clinical effectiveness of autohemotherapy as an adjuvant in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane Holsback ◽  
Camile Sanches Silva ◽  
Petrônio Pinheiro Porto ◽  
Emília Paiva Porto ◽  
Ellen Souza Marquez
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Larval Culture ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
The Mean

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of autohemotherapy as an adjuvant in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. Four experimental groups were formed: G1, 10 animals receiving autologous venous blood; G2, 10 animals receiving autologous venous blood and vermifuge containing levamisole; G3, 10 animals receiving only vermifuge containing levamisole; and G4, 10 animals as the control group receiving no treatment. We performed fecal egg count (eggs per gram, EPG) of strongyles, larval culture, hemogram, leukogram, and serum protein dosage prior to the start of treatment (D0), and on days 14 (D14) and 42 (D42). There was a significant decrease in the EPG of the groups receiving levamisole (G2 and G3) from D14 to the end of the experimental period. At the end of the evaluations, the mean EPG of G2 and G3 was significantly lower than that of G1 and G4. The most common nematode genus was Haemonchus (88%), and the least common was Trichostrongylus (1%). The Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) of G2 and G3 on D14 were 98.1% and 97.9%, respectively, however, in G1, the FECRT was zero on the two days when evaluation took place. G1 and G2 showed a significant increase in monocyte counts on D14 and D42. There was a significant increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin values in G2 and G3, however, a significant increase in the absolute value of red blood cells was observed only in G2. Two doses of autohemotherapy at 21-day intervals, administered alone or as an adjuvant to levamisole, is ineffective in controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected sheep.

scholarly journals Biosafety devices to control the spread of potentially contaminated dispersion particles. New associated strategies for health environments

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255533
Author(s):  
Victor Angelo Martins Montalli ◽  
Patrícia Rejane de Freitas ◽  
Milenna de Figueiredo Torres ◽  
Oscar de Figueiredo Torres Junior ◽  
Dienne Hellen Moutinho De Vilhena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Uv C

Dental procedures produce a large amount of spatter and aerosols that create concern for the transmission of airborne diseases, such as Covid-19. This study established a methodology with the objective of evaluating new associated strategies to reduce the risk of cross-transmission in a health environment by simulating spread of potentially contaminated dispersion particles (PCDP) in the environment. This crossover study, was conducted in a school clinic environment (4 clinics containing 12 dental chairs each). As a positive control group (without barriers), 12 professionals activated at the same time the turbine of dental drill, for one minute, with a bacterial solution (Lactobacillus casei Shirota, 1.5x108 CFU/mL), which had been added in the cooling reservoir of the dental equipment. In the experimental groups, the professionals made use of; a) an individual biosafety barrier in dentistry (IBBD) which consists of a metal support covered by a disposable PVC film barrier; b) a Mobile Unit of Disinfection by Ultraviolet-C, consisting of 8 UV lamps-C of 95W, of 304μW/cm2 of irradiance each, connected for 15 minutes (UV-C) and; c) the association between the two methods (IBBD + UV-C). In each clinic, 56 Petri dishes containing MRS agar were positioned on the lamps, benches and on the floor. In addition, plates were placed prior to each test (negative control group) and plates were also placed in the corridor that connects the four clinics. In the groups without barrier and IBBD + UV-C the passive air microorganisms in Petri dishes was also evaluated at times of 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the end of the dental’s drill activation. The mean (standard deviation) of CFU of L. casei Shirota for the positive control group was 3905 (1521), while in the experimental groups the mean using the IBBD was 940 (466) CFU, establishing a reduction on average, of 75% (p<0.0001). For the UV-C group, the mean was 260 (309) CFU and the association of the use of IBBD + UV-C promoted an overall average count of 152 (257) CFU, establishing a reduction on average of 93% and 96%, respectively (p<0.0001). Considering these results and the study model used, the individual biosafety barrier associated with UV-C technology showed to be efficient strategies to reduce the dispersion of bioaerosols generated in an environment with high rate of PCDP generation and may be an alternative for the improvement of biosafety in different healthy environment.

scholarly journals EFEK ANTIDIABETES EKSTRAK AIR KULIT BUAH PISANG AMBON (Musa paradisiaca L.) TERHADAP MENCIT (Mus musculus) MODEL HIPERGLIKEMIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Sri Indrawati ◽  
Yuliet Yuliet ◽  
Ihwan Ihwan
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Before And After

Pisang Ambon (Musa paradisiaca L.) is one type of bananas usually consumed by Indonesian people. Besides its flesh which has high nutrition, its peels also has antioxidant activity. Antioxidants has the ability to reduce oxidative damage in people’s body with diabetes mellitus. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of the aqueous  extract of Pisang Ambon peels and to determine it’s effective dose as an antidiabetic agent in hyperglycemic mice. This study used male mice which all have been intravenously induced with alloxan at a dose of 50 mg/kgBW. They were then divided into five groups. The first two groups got Na CMC 0.5% (negative control) and glibenclamide 0.65 mg/kgBW (positive control), while the other three got  the aqueous  extract of Pisang Ambon peels successively at doses of 400, 800, and 1200 mg/kgBW. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) at 95% confidence interval with parameter of blood glucose levels difference between before and after treatment. The results showed that the aqueous extract of Pisang Ambon peels had antidiabetic activity at an effective dose of 400 mg/kgBW in hyperglycemic mice which was comparable to glibenclamide

scholarly journals Application of Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb. Reduce Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Interleukin-1β in Sprague Dawley Mice Suffering from Mastitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (A) ◽  
pp. 423-427
Author(s):  
Prihantono Prihantono ◽  
Salman Ardi Syamsu ◽  
Nilam Smaradhania ◽  
Mardiana Ahmad ◽  
Nurul Aini Siagian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Interleukin 1Β ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean

BACKGROUND: Mastitis is an inflammation of the breast tissue, usually caused by bacteria. Mastitis stimulates pro-inflammatory cytokines. The cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a crucial mediator of the inflammatory response. This cytokine has adverse effects of hosting immunity that mediates resistance to pathogens and also exacerbates damage during chronic disease and acute tissue injury. Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb. has been used as an ethnomedicine for healing sores in several provinces in Indonesia. AIM: This study aimed to assess the profile of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β through the treatment effect of leaf extracts of S. taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb. as adjuvant for healing mastitis. METHODS: This study was a true control group experiment using the pre-test-post-test control design aimed to measure the effect of hydroalcoholic compounds in leaf extracts of S. taccada on the systemic pro-inflammatory activity of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The treated animals were 18 mice of Sprague Dawley strain induced by Staphylococcus aureus. These treated mice were divided into three groups in which each group consisted of six mice. The mice in the Group I (negative control) were given 1 ml aquabides/250 g body weight, those in the Group II (positive control) were delivered with 9.6 mg/ml amoxicillin/250 g body weight, and those in the Group III (experimental) were given 9.6 mg amoxicillin/250 g body weight + 400 mg/ml leaf extracts of S. taccada/g body weight for 5 days, respectively. Pathological examinations were carried out from the inflamed tissues to prove the healing process of the treated mice. IL-1Β levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc tests. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences of IL-1β levels after the administration of leaf extracts of S. taccada among all the treated mice groups at p < 0.05. The Group III had the lowest IL-1β level with the mean value ± 1.45 pg/ml compared to the IL-1β level in the Group II (positive control) with the mean value ± 3.82 pg/ml and the IL-1β level in the Group I (negative control) with the with mean value ± 5.22 pg/ml. The pathological analysis of breast tissues of the treated mice proved that leaf extracts of S. taccada (Gaertn Roxb.) could reduce damaged tissues, cellular infiltration, and subcutaneous edema induced by this pathogenic microorganism. CONCLUSION: Leaf extracts of S. taccada had a significant function as adjuvant for healing mastitis by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β.

scholarly journals Effect of Black Seed (Nigella sativa) and Uziza (Piper guineense) Leaf on the Histology of the Liver of Wistar Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Okoye Ngozi Franca ◽  
Ikiriko, Favour Ibiwari
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
The Third ◽  
Black Seed

Aim: This study was aimed at investigating the effects of aqueous extracts of both Nigella sativa and Piper guineense on the liver enzymes; alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Also the effect of Nigella sativa and Piper guineense extracts on the histology of the liver of Wistar rat was also studied. Materials and Methods: A total of twenty five Wistar rats were used for the study. The animals were grouped into five groups, each having five animals. They were induced with sucrose and margarine to cause high sugar levels and hyperlipidemia respectively except the positive control group which was fed normal feed. The groups were: the positive control group, the negative control group which were induced without treatment, the uziza leaf group which were induced and were treated with 2 ml of aqueous extract of uziza leaf, the black seed group which were induced and were treated with 2 ml of aqueous extract of black seed, and the black seed and uziza group which were induced and were treated with 2ml of aqueous extract of black seed and 2 ml of aqueous extract of uziza leaf.  Results: The result showed that the extracts decreased the ALT and AST and ALP activities in the rats in a time dependent manner with highest decrease obtained on the third week of treatment with the extracts.  The ALT activity (U/L) on the third week of treatment showed for the, negative control (64.48 ± 0.22), uziza leaf (28.82 ± 0.12), black seed (32.65 ± 0.02), black seed and uziza leaf (16.04 ± 0.02) (p≤0.05). The decrease in activity for AST levels (U/L) on the third week of treatment, showed for the negative control (58.00 ± 0.02), uziza leaf (11.00 ± 0.01), black seed (12.00 ± 0.02), black seed and uziza leaf (8.00 ± 0.02). Conclusion: It can be concluded that both uziza leaf and black seed have hepatoprotective effect on the liver.

Anthelmintic activity of Artemisia annua L. extracts in vitro and the effect of an aqueous extract and artemisinin in sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes

2014 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 2345-2353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida C. Cala ◽  
Jorge F. S. Ferreira ◽  
Ana Carolina S. Chagas ◽  
Javier M. Gonzalez ◽  
Rodney A. F. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Artemisia Annua L

scholarly journals Effect of feeding urea-molasses blocks with incorporated fenbendazole on grazing dairy heifers naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes

2003 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Waruiru ◽  
C.O. Onyando ◽  
R.O. Machuka
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Group I ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
The Mean

Between June 1999 and August 2000, the effects of feeding medicated urea-molasses supplement blocks on the growth of dairy heifers in a marginal area of central Kenya were assessed by comparing the live-weight gain of supplemented and unsupplemented heifers grazing the same pasture. Thirty-nine heifers with an average age of 9.6 months were initially treated orally with albendazole (10 mg / kg body weight) and assigned to 3 groups : group I was fed urea-molasses blocks with incorporated fenbendazole (MUMB), group II was fed urea-molasses blocks (UMB) and group III heifers (control) received no block supplementation (NBS). Body weights of the heifers and faecal egg counts (FECs) were measured monthly and larval cultures were made of positive faecal samples of each group. The mean cumulative live-weight responses of the MUMB and UMB groups were significantly greater than the NBS group (P < 0.05). However, at the end of the experimental period, the mean weight gain of the MUMB group did not differ from that of the UMB group (P >0.05). The FECs were moderate to low in all groups and decreased progressively with increasing age of the animals; FECs for the urea-molasses-supplemented groups remained significantly lower than those of the NBS group throughout the experimental period (P <0.05). Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus were the predominant nematode genera found in the heifers, but Cooperia, Bunostomum and Oesophagostomum were also present. These results indicate that feeding of urea-molasses blocks substantially reduced production losses attributable to nematode infection of young grazing cattle, and confirms previous observations that well-fed animals are better able to overcome the effects of helminth infections.

Effect of Different Intermediary Bases on Microleakage of a Restorative Material in Class II Box Cavities of Primary Teeth

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faika Y. Abdelmegid ◽  
Fouad S. Salama ◽  
Waleed M. Al-Mutairi ◽  
Saud K. Al-Mutairi ◽  
Sultan O. Baghazal
Keyword(s):  
Primary Teeth ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Introduction The aim of this in vitro study was to assess and compare the effect of different intermediary bases on microleakage between tooth and a nanocomposite interface in Class II box cavities in primary teeth. Methods Standard Class II box cavities were prepared in 52 primary molars and randomly divided into 9 groups according to the intermediary base used (Multicore Flow, Fuji II LC, SDR, Smart Dentin Replacement, and Biodentine). All specimens were subjected to thermocycling and prepared for microleakage testing and evaluation. Results There was significant difference in the mean ranks of microleakage between the 9 groups, which was observed in the gingival side (p<0.0001) and the occlusal side (p<0.0001). The mean ranks microleakage was significantly higher with experimental SDR, experimental Multicore Flow, and positive control materials when compared with the other 6 groups. The microleakage mean ranks were statistically significantly lower in experimental Fuji II LC, experimental Biodentine, and all negative control groups when compared with the other 3 groups. Conclusions Microleakage is affected by the application of intermediate material. Experimental Biodentine and Fuji II LC showed the lowest microleakage while experimental SDR and experimental Multicore Flow showed the highest microleakage.

188 EFFECT OF RABBIT SEMINAL PLASMA IN OVULATING RESPONSE

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Masdeu ◽  
R. M. García-García ◽  
P. Millán ◽  
L. Revuelta ◽  
O. G. Sakr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Artificial Vagina

The presence of an ovulation-inducing factor (OIF) in the seminal plasma (SP) of several species with spontaneous and induced ovulation, included the rabbit, has been documented. The biochemical identity of OIF in SP remains unknown, but it seems that OIF is a protein (Ratto et al. 2011 Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 9, 24). The aim of this study was to determine if the protein present in the rabbit SP could induce ovulation in a dose manner and provoke changes in plasma hormone concentrations [LH and progesterone (P4)]. Semen was collected from 12 male rabbits using an artificial vagina, pooled, centrifugated at 3000g for 30 min twice and analysed by Bradford method to determine protein concentration that was 7 mg protein mL–1 of SP. After storage at –80°C, the SP was lyophilized for use at different concentrations. Twenty-four females were synchronized with an i.m. injection of 25 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin and randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 6). Forty-eight hours later (day 0) they were given a single i.m. dose of 1) 1 mL of saline solution (SS; negative control), 2) 20 µg of gonadorelin (GnRH; positive control), 3) 1 mL of lyophilized SP diluted in SS containing 7 mg of protein (SP7), 4) 1 mL of lyophilized SP diluted in SS containing 14 mg of protein (SP14). Blood samples for LH measurement were taken every 30 min from 30 min before injection to 2 h after treatment. Blood samples for P4 measurement were taken every 2 days from Day 0 to Day 6. Hormone determinations were made by enzyme immunoassay. Ovulation rate (OR), number of corpora lutea (CL), follicles higher than 1 mm, and total number of hemorrhagic follicles were determined after euthanasia on Day 7. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA. The OR was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in GnRH than in SS, SP7, and SP14 groups (OR: 100, 0, 0, and 8.3%, respectively). Total number of CL counted in does that ovulated in GnRH and SP14 groups was not different (13.7 ± 0.8 and 9 ± 0.0 CL, respectively; P < 0.0001). No statistical differences were observed between groups on the number of follicles higher than 1 mm (GnRH: 17 ± 2.4; SS: 15 ± 1.6; SP7: 11.7 ± 2.6; SP14: 14.8 ± 0.9) and anovulatory hemorrhagic follicles (GnRH: 2.3 ± 0.9; SS: 0.2 ± 0.2; PS: 1.7 ± 0.8; PS 14: 1.7 ± 1.5). Treatment was followed by a surge in plasma LH concentration beginning 30 min after treatment to 120 min in GnRH group ranging ~75 ng mL–1, whereas in the other groups it remained at basal levels (around 20 ng mL–1; P < 0.0001). Plasma P4 concentrations were significantly increased from Day 2 to 6 (4.7 ± 0.7 to 22.3 ± 3.7 ng mL–1; P < 0.0001) only in rabbits treated with GnRH. Plasma P4 concentrations did not vary throughout the experimental period in all OIF-treated rabbits. The present study failed to demonstrate the effect of 3 different dosages of OIF of the rabbit SP on induction of ovulation. More studies are necessary to elucidate if rabbit SP could induce ovulation in rabbit females. We acknowledge CM and MEC for funding.

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