Management Characteristics, Attitudes and the Decision to Export

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Norman E. Philp ◽  
Rumintha Wickramasekera
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Export Behaviour ◽  
Export Marketing ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Binary Dependent Variable ◽  
Medium Firms

AbstractThe incessant trend towards the internationalisation of the marketplace will continue to dominate the agendas of managers of Australia's manufacturing establishments as they approach the next millennium. Empirical studies of the determinants of the firm's export marketing behaviour have been quite prolific and internationally comprehensive (Aaby and Slater 1989) and the characteristics and attitudes of the firm's main decision makers are often posed as important explanatory variables. The current study also examines the significance of managerial characteristics, commitment and attitudes towards exporting behaviour, by concentrating on a sample of firms drawn from a single industry (food and beverage processors) and with similar size and locational characteristics (small-medium firms located in regional Victoria).A logistic regression model with a binary dependent variable (ie current exporter vs non-exporter) and, initially, 19 independent variables was formulated and estimated. An optimal model utilising only six of the most significant, management-related variables was able to predict the probability of a firm being an exporter with an accuracy of over 90% . The importance of management's willingness to commit both its mind and its firm's resources to the export endeavour and its recognition of the importance of price competitiveness were significant discriminators of active export behaviour. Exporting managers were also found more likely to be tertiary educated and foreign language fluent but not necessarily any younger than their non-exporting counterparts.

Management Characteristics, Attitudes and the Decision to Export

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Norman E. Philp ◽  
Rumintha Wickramasekera
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Export Behaviour ◽  
Export Marketing ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Binary Dependent Variable ◽  
Medium Firms

AbstractThe incessant trend towards the internationalisation of the marketplace will continue to dominate the agendas of managers of Australia's manufacturing establishments as they approach the next millennium. Empirical studies of the determinants of the firm's export marketing behaviour have been quite prolific and internationally comprehensive (Aaby and Slater 1989) and the characteristics and attitudes of the firm's main decision makers are often posed as important explanatory variables. The current study also examines the significance of managerial characteristics, commitment and attitudes towards exporting behaviour, by concentrating on a sample of firms drawn from a single industry (food and beverage processors) and with similar size and locational characteristics (small-medium firms located in regional Victoria).A logistic regression model with a binary dependent variable (ie current exporter vs non-exporter) and, initially, 19 independent variables was formulated and estimated. An optimal model utilising only six of the most significant, management-related variables was able to predict the probability of a firm being an exporter with an accuracy of over 90% . The importance of management's willingness to commit both its mind and its firm's resources to the export endeavour and its recognition of the importance of price competitiveness were significant discriminators of active export behaviour. Exporting managers were also found more likely to be tertiary educated and foreign language fluent but not necessarily any younger than their non-exporting counterparts.

Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Exchange Rate Uncertain

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Jane Kaboro ◽  
Naftaly Mose
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Monetary Union ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Exchange Rate Uncertainty ◽  
Member States ◽  
East African Community ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Negative Effect

Abstract Macroeconomic convergence is critical for member states to achieve the level of harmonization required for establishing a stable and resilient monetary union. The East African Community (EAC) member states, therefore, established set targets for macroeconomic convergence, intending to eliminate exchange rate uncertainty within the bloc and reduce the costs of the monetary union. However, recent empirical studies indicate that the rate of convergence of the member states to the set macroeconomic targets has been very slow, resulting in high exchange rate uncertainty within the region. It is against this backdrop that this research was conceptualized to examine the influence of convergence in macroeconomic variables on the exchange rate uncertainty of EAC states using secondary panel data. The study made use of standard deviation and the Levin Lin Chu (LLC) test to determine convergence and unit root respectively. The panel ordinary least squares (OLS) regression findings showed that all the explanatory variables had a negatively significant effect on exchange rate uncertainty. This implies that convergence in macroeconomic variables among the member countries slows exchange rate uncertainty. Thus, policy should be made towards controlling this negative effect resulting from macroeconomic variables as East Africa bids for monetary union.

The Effects of Amount of Information Provided and Feedback of Results on Decision Making Efficiency

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Hammer ◽  
Seymour Ringel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Sequential Decision Making ◽  
Sequential Decision ◽  
Decision Accuracy ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Taking Action

Sixty subjects worked a series of sequential decision making tasks in which the amount of information provided and feedback of results were the independent variables. Data were collected on decision accuracy, confidence in decision accuracy, and judged sufficiency of the information provided. Accuracy, confidence in accuracy, and ratings of sufficiency increased as amount of information provided was increased. Feedback produced increases in decision accuracy only. For forty percent of all correct responses, subjects judged the information provided to be insufficient as a basis for taking action. These data strongly suggest that lack of confidence in their ability to make accurate decisions may cause some decision makers to delay taking action even when they are able to make an accurate decision on the basis of the information available.

scholarly journals Who Are the Key Players Involved with Shaping Public Opinion and Policies on Obesity and Diabetes in New Zealand?

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1592
Author(s):  
Willemijn de Bruin ◽  
Cherie Stayner ◽  
Michel Lange ◽  
Rachael Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Health Service Providers ◽  
Beverage Industry ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

There is an urgent need for strategic approaches to address the high prevalence of obesity and diabetes in New Zealand. Such approaches rely strongly on input from multiple actors in the diabetes and obesity policy space. We conducted a social network analysis to identify influential actors involved with shaping public opinion and/or policy regarding obesity and diabetes in New Zealand. Our analysis revealed a diverse network of 272 individuals deemed influential by their peers. These individuals represented nine professional categories, particularly academics (34%), health service providers (22%), and government representatives (17%). The network included a total of 17 identified decision-makers. Relative capacity of professional categories to access these decision-makers was highest for representatives of the food and beverage industry (25%), compared with nongovernment organisations (9%) or academics (7%). We identified six distinct brokers, in academic (n = 4), government (n = 1), and nongovernmental (n = 1) positions, who could play a key role in improving communication and networking activities among all interest groups. Such actions should ultimately establish effective networks to foster evidence-based policy development to prevent and reduce the burden of diabetes and obesity.

A Study Relationship between Firm Performance and Dividend Policy by Fuzzy Regression: Iranian scenario

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Seyed Hasan Salehnezhad
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
Dividend Policy ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Fuzzy Regression ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Fuzzy Environment

Fuzzy regression analysis is an extension of the classical regression analysis that is used in evaluating the functional relationship between the dependent and independent variables in a fuzzy environment. Accounting dividend is the most important information used by decision makers in the economic analysis. This research investigated corporate governance and dividend policy in listed company's Tehran Stock exchange by fuzzy regression during 2010 and 2012. The results indicated that significant and positive relationship exists between financial performance (stock returns) and dividend policy and also there was a significant and negative relationship exists between economic performance (EVA) and dividend policy. Furthermore, a significant relationship exists between controlling variable (size) and dividend policy.

scholarly journals Determinants of Household Debt in Malaysia from the year 2010 to 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Zahariah Mohd Zain ◽  
Nurul Ainun Ahmad Atory Ahmad Atory ◽  
Sarah Amirah Hanafi
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Household Debt ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Lending Rate

Household debt has become an issue in the Malaysian economy as it affects the country socially and economically.This study aims to examine the determinants of household debt from the year 2010 until 2017. This study employs the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method and the macroeconomic variables used in this study are Gross Domestic Product (GDP), base lending rate, unemployment and housing price as independent variables. The results indicate that the trend of household debt in Malaysia has shown a continuous rise from the year 2010 to 2017. GDP, base lending rate and housing price indicate a positive relationship towards household debt while unemployment shows a negative relationship to household debt in Malaysia. All explanatory variables have shown a significant relationship except for GDP. Housing price has been found to be the most significant factor and positively related to household debt. The findings indicate that the higher the price of houses, the higher the household debt will be.

scholarly journals A Study of the Determinants of Cost and Revenue Efficiency in the Context of Islamic and Conventional Banks: The Case of Malaysia from 2006 to 2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ghroubi ◽  
Ezzeddine Abaoub
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Generalized Least Squares ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Regulatory Capital ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Conventional Banks ◽  
Revenue Efficiency

<p>In this paper, we examine the determinants of cost and revenue efficiency of Malaysian banks over the period 2006-2012. Three steps are undertaken to study a sample of 17 Islamic banks (IBs) and 20 conventional banks (CBs). In the first step, we assessed the competitiveness of the Malaysian banking sector. After solving the multicollinearity problem, as a second step, we selected three sets of independent variables: bank-specific, industry-specific and macroeconomic variables. In the last step, we estimated the efficiency models with the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) method. The obtained results highlighted the importance of regulatory capital and size. As for the effect of competitiveness, it is found to be statistically significant only for revenue efficiency. These results may be useful to political decision-makers and regulatory authorities.</p>

scholarly journals News from the pragmatics classroom: Contrasting the inductive and the deductive approach in the teaching of pragmatic competence

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-561
Author(s):  
Karen Glaser
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Pragmatic Competence ◽  
Guided Discovery ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Pragmatic Skills

Abstract While the role of pragmatic skills in a foreign or second language has been receiving increased attention both from a research and a language teaching perspective, there is still a lamentable scarcity of systematic empirical studies into the effectiveness of instructional methods in the teaching of pragmatics. Addressing this research gap, this article reports about a quasi-experimental study into possible differences between an explicit-inductive and an explicit-deductive instructional approach in the teaching of pragmatic skills in English as a Foreign Language (EFL), more specifically the teaching of offer refusals to 49 advanced adult EFL learners in Germany. The instruction consisted of three 90-minute lessons, which were spread out over the duration of a 15-week academic semester and designed according to the deductive principle and the inductive principle, respectively. While the deductive group was provided with metapragmatic rules directly at the beginning of the instruction, the inductive group only encountered such rules after engaging in language use and guided discovery. Production data was elicited by means of DCTs and role play in a pretest-posttest format. Effectiveness of instruction was operationalized by means of two indicators: Indicator 1 measured the increased usage of the strategies taught in class, while indicator 2 measured the approximation to a native speaker target. The results indicate that the gains in the inductive group surpassed those in the deductive group, suggesting that when situated within the explicit framework, inductive instruction is more effective in the teaching of pragmatic skills.

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