scholarly journals Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Africa: an updated narrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. S87-S92
Author(s):  
Rachid Malek
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Therapeutic Education

This review focused on data on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Africa, where the current number of diabetes individuals has reached 19 million. There appears to be heterogeneity in the data between countries with a trend towards the development of diabetes at an earlier age, high socio-economic impact but also limited financial resources given that the majority of African countries are developing countries with low to middle income. Africa is not spared the universal risk factors for T2DM, but the influence of the environment (urbanization), inadequate diets and sedentary lifestyle, often leading to overweight and obesity, remains a major concern. This is reflected in projections and estimates by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), which predicts a 143% increase in the number of people with diabetes in Africa by 2045. Other factors have a negative impact on diabetes management, such as difficult access to medication and lack of education programs. Overall and individual awareness raising in collaboration with health authorities, governments and the media remains the most appropriate. Pending the implementation of national programs for the prevention of diabetes and its complications, it is necessary to strengthen therapeutic education and improve the quality of primary care in order to fight the scourge of diabetes. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, epidemiology, prevalence, risk factors, Africa.

scholarly journals PREDICTORS OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN AZERBAIJAN POPULATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
S. Kh. Mekhdiyev ◽  
I. I. Mustafaev ◽  
M. N. Mamedov
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Overweight And Obesity

The presented study in Azerbaijan is carried out for the first time within State Programs on fight against a type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and other noninfectious diseases.Aim.To define predictors of arterial hypertension (AH) in patients with DM2 in Azerbaijan population.Material and methods. In the single-step clinical-epidemiology cohort study were included 528 patients with DM2 at the age of 30-69 (30,5% — men and 69,5% — women) who answered questions using “ARIC” questioner to define AH and its risk factors.Results.The prevalence of AH in women (72,4%) was 2,6 times more than in men (27,6%) and the frequent occurrence of AH was at the age of 60-69 (respectively, 26,7±2,1% vs 9,6±2,9%, p<0,001). It was not determined remarkable differences between AH level and occupation status, alcohol consumption, low physical activity, feeding disorder of the patients, at the same time in patients with AH smoking frequency was about 2 times often than in others (respectively, 19,3±1,9% vs 10,6±3,0%, p<0,05). In parents of AH patients AH rates, in comparison with eutonics, were occurred like these: (respectively, in fathers 21,9±2,0% vs 12,5±3,2%, p<0,05; in mothers 42,2±2,4% vs 26,9±4,3%, p<0,01), in mothers DM2 (respectively, 33,7±2,3% vs 221 ±4,1 %, p<0,05), overweight and obesity were watched much more often (95,0±1,1% vs 88,5±3,1%, p<0,05), at the same time these patients were suffered from abdominal obesity (respectively, 96,5±0,9% vs 89,4±3,0%, p<0,01). The mean values of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure (respectively, 148,3±1,1 vs 119,8±1,3 Hg, p<0,001 and 85,9±0,5 vs 74,8±0,8 Hg, p<0,001) were often determined in patients with AH, and on the other hand in these patients were noted prevalence of anxious syndrome (respectively, 78,5±2,0% vs 72,1±4,4%, p<0,05) and depression (68,2±2,3% vs 62,5±4,7%, p>0,05). Regardless of AH level in all patients was noted stress (respectively, 99,8±0,2% vs 100,0±0,0%, p>0,05), which changed for the worse life quality of the patients with AH significantly (respectively, 1,0±2,2% vs 61,5±4,8%, p<0,05).Conclusion.For patients with DM2 in Azerbaijan cohort female sex, increasing of the age, body mass index, abdominal obesity and anxious conditions are significant risk factors for AH. Presence of AH in both parents and DM2 in mothers increase this risk significantly, which decrease life quality of these patients.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Zayda Arlette Trejo Osti ◽  
Jorge Abelardo Falcón Lezama
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Nosological Entity

Despite T2DM is considered a nosological entity of adults, it has increased in children under 19 years old. This is due to changes in lifestyles but above all to the increase of overweight and obesity registered in recent years. There are multiple studies focused on describing both the epidemiology and the clinical presentation of T2DM in children and adolescents. In Mexico, there is little research that provides data on the behavior and distribution of this disease in the Mexican population. However, given the characteristics of the population, it is very likely to find more cases than those that are currently reported. That is why this article aims at making a brief analysis of the main risk factors associated with diabetes, epidemiology, physiopathology, clinical presentation as well as diagnosis and treatment in T2DM in adolescents. 

scholarly journals Quality of life of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate–Palestine: a part of the Palestinian diabetes complications and control study (PDCCS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1407-1416
Author(s):  
Anna Katharina Tietjen ◽  
Rula Ghandour ◽  
Nahed Mikki ◽  
Lars Jerdén ◽  
Jan W. Eriksson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Purpose Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a considerable impact on physical health as well as on emotional and social wellbeing. This study aimed to investigate the quality of life and its associated factors among Palestinians with T2DM. Methods A cross-sectional study including 517 patients (68% female) was conducted in eleven primary health care clinics located in Ramallah and al-Bireh governorate of the West Bank. To assess socio-demographic data, risk factors and diabetes control, interviews, physical examinations, anthropometric measurements, and blood and urine tests were performed. The validated Arabic version of the Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL) questionnaire was carried out on all patients to measure Quality of Life (QoL). A multivariable regression analysis was performed. Results The average weighted impact (AWI) score was −3.38 (95% CI: −3.55 to −3.21, range: −9.00 to 0.12). This indicates that diabetes was perceived as having a considerable negative impact on the quality of life. The life domains ‘freedom to eat’, ‘physical activities’, and ‘work-life’ were the most negatively impacted. Males and individuals living with diabetes for a prolonged time were associated with a more significant negative impact on quality of life. Conclusion The study showed that diabetes generally had a negative impact on QoL and identified the demand for diabetes management programs tailored to patient needs and different patient groups, as well as health policies that put patients in the center of diabetes care.

ASSESSMENT OF DEMENTIA IN THE TYPE 2 DIABETES BY MOCA

2017 ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Dinh Toan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Lifestyle Risk ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Risk

Background: Studies show that diabetes mellitus is the greatest lifestyle risk factor for dementia. Appropriate management and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus could prevent the onset and progression of mild cognitive impairment to dementia. MoCA test is high sensitivity with mild dementia but it have not been used and studied widespread in Vietnam. Aim: 1. Using MoCA and MMSE to diagnose dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 2. Assessment of the relationship between dementia and the risk factors. Methods: cross-sectional description in 102 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used to assess cognitive function. The diagnosis of dementia was made according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Results: The average value for MoCA in the group of patients with dementia (15.35 ± 2.69) compared with non-dementia group (20.72 ± 4.53). The sensitivity and specificity of MoCA were 84.8% and 78.3% in identifying individuals with dementia, and MMSE were 78.5% and 82.6%, respectively. Using DSMIV criteria as gold standard we found MoCA and MMSE were more similar for dementia cases (AUC 0.871 and 0.890). The concordance between MoCA and MMSE was moderate (kappa = 0.485). When considering the risk factors, the education,the age, HbA1c, dyslipidemia, Cholesterol total related with dementia in the type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: MoCA scale is a good screening test of dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.When compared with the MMSE scale, MoCA scale is more sensitive in detecting dementia. Key words: MoCA, dementia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, risk factors

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