scholarly journals THE EFFICACY OF OXYTETRACYCLINE THERAPY AND THE DURATION OF TREATMENT IN THE COURSE OF BOVINE ANAPLASMOSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
A. G. Jagun ◽  
A. A. Ilemobade ◽  
A. A. Ilemobade ◽  
D. I. Saror ◽  
I. A. Abdulakadir
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
Uninfected Control ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Recovery Rates ◽  
Bovine Anaplasmosis

A total of 27 crossbred calves (12 intacts, 9 splenec­tomised and 6 uninfected control) were sub­cutaneously Inoculated with 2 x 107 Anaplasma marginale infected erythrocytes. Oxytetracycline (at 10mg/kg body weight) was administered in­travenously when the PCV dropped to 16 per cent or below. The pattern of development of parasitaemia, appeared to be similar in both intact and splenec­tomised calves. The spelectomised calves, however, gave higher percentage of parasitaemia. Fluctuation in the PCV followed the same pattern in both groups, but the splenectomised calves were observed to suffer more anaemic crisis than the intact ones. In the intact calves, all those treated once and for 2 consecutive days survived. In the splenectomised calves, all those treated once died, while all those treated for 2 consecutive days survived. It may be concluded that, 2 consecutive ox­ytetracycline treatments (at 10mg/kg body weight) gave better recovery rates in cases of clinical bovine anaplasmosis.

Dose-dependent and time-dependent metabolic, hemodynamic, and redox disturbances in dexamethasone-treated Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvine P. Nguelefack-Mbuyo ◽  
Fernande P. Peyembouo ◽  
Christian K. Fofié ◽  
Télesphore B. Nguelefack
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Renal Hypertrophy ◽  
Subchronic Treatment

Abstract Objectives Dexamethasone is used experimentally to induce insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, data concerning the dose, the duration of treatment, and the associated comorbidities are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different doses of dexamethasone and the duration of treatment necessary for the development of a model of insulin resistance that mimics the clinical condition with the associated comorbidities. Methods Dexamethasone was administered intramuscularly to male Wistar rats, at doses of 500 and 1,000 µg/kg/day for the subchronic treatment (eight consecutive days) and at doses of 5, 25, 50, and 100 µg/kg/day in chronic treatment (28 consecutive days). Effects on body weight, metabolism, hemodynamics, renal function, and redox status were evaluated. Results Both treatments induced a progressive body weight loss that was drastic in subchronic treatment, improved glucose tolerance without affecting fasting glycemia. Doses of 1,000 and 100 µg/kg were associated with hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and increased heart rate, cardiac and renal hypertrophy. Increased creatinemia associated with reduced creatinuria were observed in sub-chronic treatment while increased proteinuria and reduced creatinuria were noticed in chronic treatment. 1,000 µg/kg dexamethasone caused an increase in hepatic, and renal malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) coupled with a reduction in catalase activity. The dose of 100 µg/kg induced a rise in GSH and catalase activity but reduced MDA levels in the kidney. Conclusions Doses of 1,000 µg/kg for subchronic and 100 µg/kg for chronic treatment exhibited similar effects and are the best doses to respective time frames to induce the model.

scholarly journals The majority of natalizumab-treated MS patients have high natalizumab concentrations at time of re-dosing

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoé LE van Kempen ◽  
Cyra E Leurs ◽  
Birgit I Witte ◽  
Annick de Vries ◽  
Mike P Wattjes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Trough Serum ◽  
Natalizumab Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Background: Natalizumab is efficacious in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. All patients receive the same treatment regimen of 300 mg every 4 weeks, despite differences in pharmacokinetics between individual patients. Objective: To give neurologists insight into natalizumab concentrations at time of re-dosing, we investigated longitudinal natalizumab concentrations in 80 patients in relation to disease activity, with possible influencing factors. Methods: In a prospective observational cohort study, natalizumab trough serum concentrations were measured in 80 patients. Data on demographics, duration of treatment, Expanded Disability Status Scale, clinical exacerbations, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and body weight were collected. Results: We measured high (≥10 µg/mL) natalizumab trough concentrations in 94% of patients. Intra-individual concentrations were stable. The spread in concentrations was substantial and did not correlate with disease activity. We found a negative association between natalizumab concentration and body weight (β = −0.30, p = 0.010). Interpretation: The majority of patients showed high natalizumab serum concentrations at time of re-dosing. Alternative treatment regimens could lead to more efficient use of natalizumab, but caution is warranted regarding the possibility of recurrence of disease activity. Prospective clinical trials are needed to establish the safety of extended dose intervals in natalizumab treatment.

Isotretinoin Use in Acne: Prospective Evaluation of Adverse Events

2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Hull ◽  
Coby Demkiw-Bartel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Prospective Analysis ◽  
Prospective Evaluation ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Severe Acne ◽  
Lower Back

Background: Isotretinoin is an effective treatment for severe acne. Although the spectrum of side effects has been well documented, the changing incidence of such side effects over the course of treatment has not been studied in detail. Objectives: The purpose of our study was to examine a group of patients monthly over their course of treatment and prospectively document the side effects experienced. Methods: Over the period between January 1991 and July 1996, 124 courses of treatment with isotretinoin for severe acne were followed. The patients were treated for 4 months at a dose of 1 mg per kg body weight. A questionnaire was administered monthly, inquiring specifically about side effects known to be associated with isotretinoin. Any additional side effects were also noted. Results: The majority of patients experienced persistent dryness of lips. Dry eyes affected 40% of patients; this continued throughout treatment in 25%. Contact lens wearers were more likely to develop conjunctivitis. Lower back pain was reported early in about 30% of patients and fewer than 10% of patients would develop it later in the course of treatment. Arthralgia was noted in 16.5% of patients at the first visit and there was little change with ongoing treatment. Hair loss was experienced in a small percentage but was rarely noted on more than one occasion. Headaches occurred in less than 10% and were occasionally severe, but most often intermittent and recorded at a single visit. Depression occurred in 4% of patients and tended to persist throughout the treatment. All these patients completed the full course of treatment. Conclusion: This prospective analysis has shown that patients treated with isotretinoin experienced a predictable series of side effects. Some occurred fleetingly, but several persisted for the duration of treatment.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Sequencing of Mexican Strains of Anaplasma marginale: An Approach to the Causal Agent of Bovine Anaplasmosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Fernando Martínez-Ocampo ◽  
Rosa Estela Quiroz-Castañeda ◽  
Itzel Amaro-Estrada ◽  
Edgar Dantán-González ◽  
Jesús Francisco Preciado de la Torre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gc Content ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Genomic Comparison ◽  
Bovine Anaplasmosis ◽  
Molecular Landscape ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Mexican Strains

Anaplasma marginale is the main etiologic agent of bovine anaplasmosis, and it is extensively distributed worldwide. We have previously reported the first genome sequence of a Mexican strain of A. marginale (Mex-01-001-01). In this work, we report the genomic analysis of one strain from Hidalgo (MEX-14-010-01), one from Morelos (MEX-17-017-01), and two strains from Veracruz (MEX-30-184-02 and MEX-30-193-01). We found that the genome average size is 1.16-1.17 Mbp with a GC content close to 49.80%. The genomic comparison reveals that most of the A. marginale genomes are highly conserved and the phylogeny showed that Mexican strains cluster with Brazilian strains. The genomic information contained in the four draft genomes of A. marginale from Mexico will contribute to understanding the molecular landscape of this pathogen.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Anaplasma marginale Strain Mex-01-001-01, a Mexican Strain That Causes Bovine Anaplasmosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Estela Quiroz Castañeda ◽  
Itzel Amaro-Estrada ◽  
Fernando Martínez-Ocampo ◽  
Sergio Rodríguez-Camarillo ◽  
Edgar Dantán González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Hemolytic Disease ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bovine Anaplasmosis ◽  
Mexican Strains

Bovine anaplasmosis is an arthropod-borne hemolytic disease caused by Anaplasma marginale. While only a few Anaplasma marginale strains have been reported, no Mexican strains have been reported.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Bovine Anaplasmosis in Oklahoma from 1977 to 1991

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Rodgers ◽  
R. D. Welsh ◽  
M. E. Stebbins
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Bovine Anaplasmosis

The prevalence of anaplasmosis in Oklahoma cattle was determined on the basis of the standardized Anaplasma marginale complement fixation test on 20,155 sera submitted to the Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory during a 15-year period. Rates of seropositivity ranged from 4.7% to 17.6% on samples submitted for anaplasmosis testing of adult cows. The geographic distribution of recorded cases of anaplasmosis was 35 Oklahoma counties in 1977 and 48 Oklahoma counties in 1991.

Esophagostomy tubes as a method of nutritional management in cats: a retrospective study

1997 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
PB Levine ◽  
LJ Smallwood ◽  
JL Buback
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Hepatic Disease ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Minor Complication ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Common Indication ◽  
A Minor

The use of esophagostomy tubes in 60 feline patients was evaluated retrospectively. Indications for tube placement, complications associated with placement and management, duration of treatment, and change in patient body weight were evaluated. Hepatic disease was the most common indication for tube placement. A minor complication associated with the surgical technique for tube placement was observed in three cases. Inflammation or infection of the tube site, swelling of the head, or vomition of the tube were observed complications during management in 19 cases. Vomiting occurred and was a complicating factor in nine cases. The average duration of tube placement was 23 days, and most patients maintained or gained weight while being fed through their esophagostomy tubes.

Chronic exposure to cobalt compounds — an in vivo study

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 973-981
Author(s):  
Yordanka Gluhcheva ◽  
Vasil Atanasov ◽  
Juliana Ivanova ◽  
Ekaterina Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cobalt Chloride ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Cobalt Ions ◽  
Cobalt Compounds ◽  
Pregnant Mice

AbstractAn in vivo experimental model for testing the effects of long-term chronic treatment with cobalt(II) compounds — cobalt chloride (CoCl2) and cobalt-EDTA (Co-EDTA) on mice at different stages of development was optimized. Pregnant mice and their progeny were treated with daily doses of 75 or 125 mg kg−1 body weight until postnatal day 90. The compounds were dissolved in regular tap water. Mice were sacrificed on days 18, 25, 30, 45, 60 and 90 after birth, which correspond to different stages of their development. Altered organ weight indices (calculated as a ratio of organ weight to body weight) of spleen, liver and kidneys, were found depending on the type of compound used, dose, duration of treatment, and the age of the animals. The results also showed significant accumulation of cobalt ions in blood plasma, spleen, liver and kidneys of the exposed mice. More Co(II) was measured in the organs of the immature mice (day 18, 25 and 30 pnd) indicating that they were more sensitive to treatment.

Gross and Histopathological Findings of Naturally Occurring Anaplasma marginale Infection in Cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhruba Das ◽  
Kalyan Sarma ◽  
Parimal Roychoudhury ◽  
G.E. Chethan ◽  
R. Ravindran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
High Fever ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Haemolytic Disease ◽  
Post Mortem Examination ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Bovine Anaplasmosis

Background: Bovine anaplasmosis is a haemolytic disease of cattle caused by an obligate intra-erythrocytic bacterium Anaplasma marginale and is characterized by high fever, dyspnoea, anaemia, icterus, decreased milk production and death. The present study was undertaken to study the gross and histopathological changes caused by naturally occurring A. marginale infection in cattle. Methods: History and clinical examination of animals revealed inappetance/anorexia, presence of tick infestation, high fever, pale or icteric mucous membranes, tachycardia, dyspnoea and lymphadenomegaly. The diagnosis of A. marginale infection was done by blood smear examination and further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing analysis. During the present study, two animals did not respond to treatment and were succumbed to A. marginale infection. A systematic post-mortem examination was performed on the animals and gross lesions were recorded. The tissue samples from various vital organs such as heart, lungs, liver, spleen and kidneys were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed for histopathological examination. Result: The post-mortem examination revealed emaciated carcass with yellowish discoloration of serosal surfaces of the abdominal organs, haemorrhagic heart, congestion of lungs, hepatomegaly, distension of the gallbladder and splenomegaly. The major histopathological changes noticed included myocardial degeneration and necrosis, interstitial pneumonic changes, degenerative changes in hepatocytes and renal tubular epithelial cells, enlargement of red pulp area of spleen with histiocytic proliferation and hemosiderosis. Histopathology also revealed inflammatory process characterized by infiltration of mononuclear cells in various organs. Very few reports are available on the pathological aspects of A. marginale infection and thus the outcome of the present study can yield valuable information to aid in the diagnosis of bovine anaplasmosis under field conditions.

Fatal cases of bovine anaplasmosis in a herd infected with different Anaplasma marginale genotypes in Southern Spain

2021 ◽  
pp. 101864
Author(s):  
Alberto Moraga Fernández ◽  
José Antonio Ortiz ◽  
Abdul Jabbar ◽  
Abdul Ghafar ◽  
Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Bovine Anaplasmosis
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