scholarly journals Raw Pigeon seed meal in Weaner Rabbit Diet: Effect of Methionine Supplementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-246
Author(s):  
E.B. Etuk ◽  
O.N. Abaoja ◽  
B.O. Esonu
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Methionine Supplementation ◽  
Pea Seed

Effect of graded levels of methionine supplementation on the performance of weaner rabbits fed diets containing raw pigeon pea seed meal were studied in a 42-day feeding trial. Four experimental weaner rabbit diets were formulated such that raw pigeon pea seed meal (RPSM) made up 300.0g kg-1 in each diet. Methionine was respectively supplemented at 0.0, (control diet), 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 g kg-1 in the four weaner rabbit diets. These diets and water were offered ad libitum to 3 replicates of 2, six weeks old mixed breed rabbits. The results indicated that the daily weight gains were 2.62, 2.85, 5.23 and 4.64 for rabbits fed 0.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5g kg-1 methionine supplemented diets respectively. Feed intake of rabbits fed 7.55 kg-1 methionine supplemented diets was significantly (P<0.05) lower than other treatment groups except the control. Rabbits fed 0.0 and 2.5 g kg-1 methionine supplemented diets recorded significantly (p<0.05) poorer feed conversion ratio than rabbits fed 5.0 and 7.55 kg-1 methionine supplemented diets. The feed cost per kg weight gains were ₦363.58, ₦351.49, ₦197.64, ₦204.38 for rabbits fed 0.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 g kg-1 methionine supplemented diets respectively. It would appear that weaner rabbits performed best on 300.0g kg-1 raw pigeon pea seed meal diet when supplemented with methionine at 5.0g kg-1 diet.

scholarly journals Performance of West African Dwarf (WAD) Goats Fed Raw or processed pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) seed meal based diets.

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-236
Author(s):  
F. O. Ahamefule ◽  
M. D. Udo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
West African ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Pea Seed

A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of processing methods of pigeon pea seeds on the performance and carcass quality of goats using 16 weaner West African Dwarf (WAD) goats fed diets containing 15% raw (RPBD), soaked (SPBD), toasted (TPBD) and boiled (BPBD) pigeon pea seed meal. The experiment which lasted for 60 days was laid out in a completely randomized design using diets as treatments. The four diets had same percentage inclusion of every ingredient including pigeon pea seed meal which differed only in process form. Results showed that final weight, total weight, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio differed significantly (P<0.05) among treatment groups. Goats fed boiled pigeon pea based diet (BPBD) had significantly (P<0.05) heavier final weight (10.87kg) than those fed toasted (8.25kg), soaked (7.56kg) and raw (7.25kg) pigeon pea diets. Total weight gain (kg) followed similar pattern as the final weight with the following values obtained for boiled (4.62kg), toasted (2.13kg), soaked (1.56kg) and raw (1.19kg) pigeon pea seed based diets. BPBD had the least feed conversion ratio relative to other diets. However, total and daily feed consumption did not differ (P>0.05) among treatment groups. The best dressing out percent of 58.07% was obtained for the boiled PBD which differed significantly (P<0.05) from values obtained for goats fed raw (33.05%), soaked (36.96%) and toasted (38.72%) pigeon pea based diets. The least cost per kilogram weight gain was obtained for goats fed BPBD (N300), while the highest (N996.15) was from goats fed RPBD. Carcass / organ evaluation showed that warm carcass, loin, set, lungs, kidney and bone to lean ratio were significantly affected by the dietary treatments, and BPBD gave highest values for all except in kidney, liver and bone to lean ratio. The results above suggest that pigeon pea seed can be used generally to improve performance in WAD goats. However, BPBD promoted superior weight gain and dressing percentage, least production cost and FCR as well as superior carcass characteristics relative to raw, toasted and soaked pigeon pea based diets. 

scholarly journals Feeding value of raw and boiled pigeon pea seed meal on the growth performance of local pullet chicks

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. U. Amaefule ◽  
C. O. Okereke
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Pea Seed

A total of 324 local pullet chicks (1- 8 weeks) were used for the research project to evaluate the feeding value of raw and boiled pigeon pea seed meal (PSM) on their growth performance. Nine iso-caloric and isonitrogenous diets were formulated, with raw and boiled pigeon pea seed meal at inclusion levels of 0%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%, respectively. There were 36 chicks per treatment replicated into 3 at 12 chicks per replicate. There were significant interactions between form and PSM levels on the final live weight, daily feed intake and daily protein intake. Final live weight of pullets fed both raw and boiled PSM followed the same trend, pullets fed control (0%) and 15% raw PSM 128.10 and 132.33g respectively performed better than the rest of the treatment levels but statistically similar at all levels. Daily feed intake and daily protein intake showed significant interaction among the treatments. Pullets fed control (8.95g) and raw diets (8.79g) consumed more feed than pullets fed boiled PSM II (105.05g), III (117.77g) IV (91.27g) and V (112.80g) diets. Daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio had no significant (P>0.05) interaction between form and treatment groups for the pullets. 30% PSM raw or boiled can be fed to local pullet chicks without any deleterious effect on the growth performance.

scholarly journals Growth performance of starter broiler starter chicks fed soaked and fermented baobab (Adansonia digitata) seed meal based diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
A. R. Akintunde ◽  
I. H. Saidu ◽  
M. A. Oguntoye ◽  
H. K. Mohammed ◽  
A. Mustapha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Means of cutting down cost of feed resources in order to bridge the wide gap between demand and supply of animal protein in livestock production is a great concern in the poultry industry. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding diets containing soaked and fermented Baobab seed meal (BSM) on the growth performance of broiler starter chicks. A total of 150, one-day old chicks were randomly distributed into five treatment groups. Treatments were replicated three times with 10 chicks per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). The dietary groups were designated as T1 for control (0 % BSM), T2 (7.5 % SBSM), T3 (15.0% SBSM), T4 (22.5% FBSM) and T5 (30 % FBSM). Parameters monitored include final weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, feed cost per kg gain (N) and mortality (%) The experiment lasted for 4 weeks. The results showed that the dietary treatments had significant (P<0.05) effect on all the parameters measured. Final weight and total weight gain were similar and significantly (P<0.05) higher in birds fed diets T2 and T4 when compared to other dietary treatments. However, birds in T5 group had the least significant (P<0.05) values 366.67 and 217.34 g/bird respectively. Daily weight gain (7.76 g/bird/day), total and daily feed intake (873.33 g and 31.19 g/bird/day) of birds followed similar trend and were significantly (P<0.05) lower in T5 group compared to other treatments. Feed conversion ratio of birds fed diet T5 had significantly (P<0.05) higher value (4.29) when compared to those in other treatment groups. Feed cost per kg gain (N) was significantly (P<0.05) lower and similar in birds fed T2, T3 and T4 when compared to values obtained in the control group (N253.27) and T5 (N 327.52). Mortality (%) only occurred in birds fed T5. It was therefore concluded that inclusion of 22.5% fermented baobab seed meal in broiler diets improved performance and had no negative effect on the health status of birds.     Des moyens de réduire le coût des ressources alimentaires afin de combler le defi posé à cause de la demande et l'approvisionnement en protéines animales dans la production animale est une grande préoccupation dans l'industrie avicole. Cette étude a été menée pour étudier l'effet des regimes alimentaires contenant de la farine de graines de baobab trempée et fermentée (le 'BSM') sur les performances de croissance des poussins de départ. Un total de 150 poussins âgés d'un jour ont été répartis au hasard en cinq groupes de traitement. Les traitements ont été répliqués trois fois avec 10 poussins par réplique dans une conception complètement randomisée (le 'CRD'). Les groupes diététiques ont été désignés comme T1 pour le contrôle (0% BSM), T2 (7,5% SBSM), T3 (15,0% SBSM), T4 (22,5% FBSM) et T5 (30% FBSM). Les paramètres surveillés comprennent le poids final, le gain de poids, la prise alimentaire, le taux de conversion alimentaire, le coût de l'alimentation par kg de gain (N) et la mortalité (%). L'expérience a duré 4 semaines. Les résultats ont montré que les traitements diététiques avaient un effet significatif (P <0,05) sur tous les paramètres mesurés. Le poids final et le gain de poids total étaient similaires et significativement (P<0,05) plus élevés chez les oiseaux nourris avec les régimes T2 et T4 par rapport aux autres traitements diététiques. Cependant, les oiseaux du groupe T5 avaient les valeurs les moins significatives (P <0,05) 366,67 et 217,34 g / oiseau respectivement. Le gain de poids quotidien (7,76 g / oiseau / jour), l'apport alimentaire total et quotidien (873,33 g et 31,19 g / oiseau / jour) des oiseaux ont suivi une tendance similaire et étaient significativement (P<0,05) inférieurs dans le groupe T5 par rapport aux autres traitements. Le rapport de conversion alimentaire des oiseaux nourris au régime alimentaire T5 avait une valeur significativement plus élevée (P <0,05) (4,29) par rapport à ceux des autres groupes de traitement. Le coût de l'alimentation par kg de gain (N) était significativement (P <0,05) plus faible et similaire chez les oiseaux nourris T2, T3 et T4 par rapport aux valeurs obtenues dans le groupe témoin (N253,27) et T5 (N 327,52). La mortalité (%) n'est survenue que chez les oiseaux nourris au T5. Il a donc été conclu que l'inclusion de farine de graines de baobab fermentée à 22,5% dans les régimes alimentaires des poulets de chair améliorait les performances et n'avait aucun effet négatif sur l'état de santé des oiseaux.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE AND NUTRIENT UTILIZATION OF BROILER STARTERS FED DIETS CONTAINING RAW, BOILED OR DEHULLED PIGEONPEA SEEDS (Cajanus cajann)

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
K. U. AMAEFULE ◽  
F. C. OBIOHA
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Designed Experiment ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Pea Seed

Two hundred and sixteen 7-day old brothers were used to compare three types of pigeon pea seed meal, namely raw, boiled and dehulled at two levels, 20 and 30% of the diet in a 3x2 factorially designed experiment lasting four weeks Measurements recorded included weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), nutrient retention and live weight of the broilers at the end of the fourth week. Better results were obtained when pigeon pea seed meal (PPSM) was included at 30% level than at 20% in all performance criteria. The interaction between processing method and level of inclusion was significant (P < 0.001) with dehulled PPSM included at 30% (D30) producing best results; while at 20%, dehulled PPSM was not superior to boiled PPSM. In all measurements, broilers fed boiled and dehulled PPSM performed significantly better (P<0.01) than those fed run seed meal. Results of this experiment indicated that broilers fed dehulled pigeon pea seed meal at 30% inclusion level produced best results.

scholarly journals Growth response, flock uniformity, organ weight, abdominal fat, carcass yield and hepatic histology of finisher broiler chicken fed toasted pigeon pea seed meal

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-382
Author(s):  
Taiwo Ojediran ◽  
Isiak Emiola
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Hepatic Histology ◽  
Pea Seed

Three hundred (300) 21d old (Arbor-acre) broiler chicks apportioned to five (5) dietary groups of sixty (60) birds each, further replicated six (6) times were fed graded levels of toasted pigeon pea seed meal (TPSM) to assess the performance, flock uniformity, organ weights, carcass yield and hepatic histology at the finisher phase. A maize-full-fat soybean meal diet served as the control diet (I). The TPSM was incorporated to replace full-fat soybean meal at 12.5%, 25.0%, 37.5% and 50.0% in diets II, III, IV and V, respectively. Toasting improved the protein content, ether extract, fibre content, metabolizable energy and reduced the anti-nutrients except for oxalate. The final weight, total weight change, average weight gain, feed conversion ratio, eviscerated weight, breast yield and thigh yield were significantly influenced (P<0.05), especially depressed at 50% replacement, unlike the average feed intake, mortality and flock uniformity (P>0.05). The kidney and abdominal fat were also influenced (P<0.05). There were varying levels of hepatic degeneration, which increased in intensity as the level of inclusion increased. They ranged from mild sinusoidal congestion and cellular infiltration to necrosis of the cells in the liver. Up to 37.5% TPSM toasted pigeon pea seed meal replacement for soybean meal supported optimum growth, breast and thigh yield, and mild to moderate hepatic disruptions.

scholarly journals Effects of Cooked Pigeon Pea seed meal on the performance, dressed and organ weight characteristics of broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
E. B. Etuk ◽  
E. B. Etuk ◽  
A. B. I. Udedibie
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Higher Weights ◽  
Pea Seed ◽  
Finisher Diets

Seeds of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) grown in Enugu State in the South East Agricultural zone of Nigeria were studied to determine its effect on performance, dressed weight and organ weight characteristics of broilers. The dry, brown coat coloured pigeon pea seeds were cooked in boiling water for 60minutes, sun-dried, made into a meal and stored in feed bags. The cooked pigeon pea seed meal (CPSM) at 0, 20, 30, 40, and 50% dietary levels replaced 0, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of soybean meal and 0, 20, 30, 40 and 50% of maize, respectively in formulated broiler starter diets. CPSM also replaced 0, 50, 75 and 100% of soybean meal and 0, 18.18, 27.27, 36,36 and 54.54% of maize, respectively in formulated broiler finisher diets. The formulated broiler starter and finisher diets were fed to 7 - day old hubbard broilers in two successive regimes of 28 days each, for the starter and finisher phases respectively. At 63 days of age, 3 broilers of comparable live weights per replicate were selected, starved of feed for 12 hours, slaughtered and eviscerated to determine the dressed weights and internal organ weights. Broilers fed 0% CPSM diet recorded significantly (P<0.05) higher live weight gains than those on CPSM diets except broilers fed 20% CPSM. Feed intake was significantly (P<0.05) higher among broilers fed 50%CPSM diet and significantly (P<0.05) lower among birds on the control (0%CPSM) diet. Results obtained also indicated a significant (P<0.05) difference in dressed weight between birds fed CPSM diets and the control diet (0%CPSM). Birds fed 20% CPSM diet recorded the highest dressed weight. Liver weight decreased progressively with increasing dietary inclusion level of CPSM with birds fed 50% CPSM diet recording significantly (P<0.05) lower weights. Weight of gizzard was also significantly (P<0.05) lower for birds fed 50% CPSM diet. Heart and spleen weights followed a similar pattern with birds fed 20%CPSM diet recording significantly (P<0.05) higher weights for heart and lower weight for spleen respectively, It would appear that dietary CPSM tend to improve the dressed weight of broilers.

scholarly journals Effects of a charcoal powder–wood vinegar compound solution in piglets for raw pigeon pea seed meal

animal ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mekbungwan ◽  
K. Yamauchi ◽  
T. Sakaida ◽  
T. Buwjoom
Keyword(s):  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Wood Vinegar ◽  
Pea Seed

scholarly journals Effects of the Ratio of Dietary Fish Meal to Soybean Meal on the Performance of Broiler Chicks

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Nwe Nwe Htin ◽  
May Phyo Chit
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dietary Fish

A completely randomized design (CRD) was used with a total of 160 day-old commercial broiler chicks which were randomly assigned to four treatment groups with five replicates into 20 pens and brooded. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. From day old chick to 21 day, the broiler chicks were fed Diet 1 (5% fish meal and 25% soybean meal, 1: 5), Diet 2 (3% fish meal and 30% soybean meal, 1: 10) was served as control diet, Diet 3 (2% fish meal and 30% soybean meal, 1: 15) and Diet 4 (1.5% fish meal and 30% soybean meal, 1: 20). From day 22 onwards, the broiler chicks were fed finisher diet, Diet 1 (5% fish meal and 25% soybean meal, 1: 5), Diet 2 (2.6% fish meal and 26% soybean meal, 1: 10, serve as control diet, Diet 3 (1.8% fish meal and 27% soybean meal, 1: 15) and Diet 4 (1.3% fish meal and 26% soybean meal, 1: 20). Weekly performances and mortality are measured. By feeding FS5 diet (5% fish meal and 25% soybean meal), the heavier body weight, increased feed consumption and feed conversion ratio of broiler chicks was observed when compared to that of other treatment groups. Conclusively, it is obvious that the ratio of dietary fish meal to soybean meal 1: 5 (FS5) improved body weight but the lower feed efficiency of this diet should be considered in economical point of view.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE UTILIZATION OF COOKED SOYBEANS AND FISHMEAL-GROUNDNUT CAKE MIXTURE IN DIETS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
J. A. Agunbiade ◽  
A. B. Odufuwa
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Groundnut Cake ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Methionine Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A 4 week experiment involving 45 growing albino rats was carried out to assess the nutritional utilization of cooked full-fat soybean (CFFS) as a major source of dietary protein relative to that of the protein concentrates fishmeal-groundnut cake mixture and the response to supplementation of the cooked soybeans with 2g DL-methionine/kg diet and/or 2g L-lysine/kg diet. Feed intake (FI), average daily weight gain (DLG),. feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed cost (FC) per unit live-weight gain, (FC/WG) were measured, No significant effect of the various dietary treatments was observed on PER and FCIWG. However, the incorporation of CFFS either alone or in conjunction with either of both lysine and methionine significantly improved Fl and FCR (P< 0.05) and also DLG (P< 0.01) over the control fish-groundnut meal ration. Supplementation of CFFS with lysine either alone or along with methionine appeared unwarranted as methionine supplementation alone resulted in similar or slightly better efficiency of protein (0.247) and overall feed (0.596) utilization. From the results obtained, it appears that maize-based CFFS diet supplemented with 2 g/kg DL-methionine may be applicable for lion- ruminant feeding. However, since this level of methionine supplementation only provides for 67% of rat requirement, it is suggested that further studies with higher methionine levels be conducted.

scholarly journals Performance and nutrient digestibility of crossbred weaned pigs fed raw pride of barbados (Caesalpina pulcherrima) seed meal

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
A. A. Ogunbode ◽  
A. F. Baderinwa ◽  
I. O. Gbemisola
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Large White ◽  
Final Body Weight

Deficit of conventional feed resources in meeting increased demand has led to hike in their prices culminating in soaring cost of livestock feed. This has necessitated the search for cheap and easily available alternatives. Pride of barbados seed which constitute a waste has potential of becoming a cheap and easily available feed resource. Performance and nutrient digestibility of dietary inclusion of raw pride of barbados seed meal was evaluated in an eight week feeding trial. Atotal of sixteen crossbred (Large White x Landrace) weaned pigs of eight weeks of age were weighed and allotted to four dietary treatments with four pigs each being a replicate in a completely randomized design. Diet 1 (control) was without raw pride of barbados seed meal while 5%, 10% and 15% of virgin raw pride of barbados were included in diets 2,3 and 4 respectively. Weekly weight gain, daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio and nutrient digestibility of raw pride of barbados seed meal was also determined. Results revealed a significant average final body weight of 16.75kg (diet 3) to 24.50kg (diet 4).The pigs fed 15% raw pride of barbados had the highest feed intake of 137.20kg in diet 4 while the lowest feed intake was obtained in pigs fed 10% (diet 3) inclusion level of raw pride of barbados. Pigs maintained on the control diet had the best feed conversion (7.60kg) while the pigs fed diet 3 had the lowest feed conversion ratio (8.93kg). Crude protein, ether extract and dry matter digestibility was highest at T4 (84.15%, 80.21% and 86.70%) respectively while the least values (68.71%, 65.75% and 71.10% was obtained in T2 and T3 respectively. This study concluded that 15% inclusion of raw pride of barbados in the diets of crossbred weaned pigs had no deleterious effect on performance and nutrient digestibility of pigs.

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