scholarly journals Performance of rabbits fed diets containing graded levels of processed tallow (Detarium microcarpum) seed meal

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
E. Z. Jiya ◽  
A. T. Ijaiya ◽  
A. O. Olorunsanya ◽  
B. A. Ayanwale
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Detarium Microcarpum

A twelve weeks experiment was conducted using eighty one (81) cross bred (Chinchilla x New Zealand white) weaned rabbits with average initial weights of 540g to evaluate the performance of rabbits fed diets containing graded levels of processed tallow (Detarium microcarpum) seed meal. The design of the experiment was 1 + 2/4 factorial and arranged as a completely randomized design (CRD). The rabbits were randomly allotted to nine treatment groups with nine rabbits per treatment. Each treatment had three replicates with three rabbits per replicate. Two processing methods (Cooking and Fermentation) were used to process tallow seeds. Control diet had 100% palm kernel cake (PKC) meal and 0% tallow seed meal, represented as T0. T1 – T4 contained cooked tallow seed meal (CTSM) and included as T1 (75% PKC : 25% CTSM); T2 (50% PKC : 50% CTSM); T3 (25% PKC : 75% CTSM) and T4 (0% PKC : 100% CTSM), While T5 – T8 had fermented tallow seed meal (FTSM) and included at the same levels as observed in the cooked diets. Data were collected on body weight, feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and nutrient digestibility were calculated. Only ash content was affected by the processing method in the result of nutrient digestibility. The results revealed that processing improves the nutritional quality of tallow seeds. Rabbits fed cooked tallow seed based diets revealed higher feed intake, final body weight and body weight gain compared to Rabbits fed diets containing fermented tallow seed. It was therefore concluded that cooking and fermentation methods are effective processing method for eliminating the anti-nutritional factors contained in tallow seeds and so can be included in the diets of weaned rabbits at 100 % replacement of PKC without deleterious effect on their growth performance.

The effects of oil palm leaf meal-based diets on the growth performance and haematological indices of Red Sokoto goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
A.I. Ukanwoko ◽  
C.T. Alfred
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Haematological Indices ◽  
Palm Leaf

An experiment was carried out to determine the growth performance and haematological indices of Red Sokoto goats placed on oil palm leaf meal (OPLM)-wheat offal based diet. Six goats aged 12-18 months, weighing 15 – 20kg were randomly assigned to three treatments, comprising two animals each in a Completely Randomized Design. Each animal received 1kg of the diet daily for 56 days and weighed weekly. Results showed that final body weight was significant (P<0.05) with goats on T3 having the highest (21.50kg). The feed intake, body weight gain and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were significantly different (P<0.05). T3 had the highest feed intake (305.35g/d), highest body weight gain (90.84g/d) and the best FCR (3.36). Significant differences (P <0.05) were observed in the Red Blood Cell (RBC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Haemoglobin (Hb) counts, ranging between 3.12 - 4.20x106ml; 23.00 -30.50% and 7.70 - 10.15g/dl respectively with goats on T3 having the highest.  The inclusion of OPLM enhanced body weight gain, FCR, RBC, PCV, and Hb counts of the goats. Therefore the oil palm leaf meal diets are recommended for better goat production. Key word: Growth performance; Oil Palm Leaf meal., Blood profile., Creatinine., Red Sokoto Goat.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of effects of different sources of groundnut meals on digestibility, growth performance and economics of production of growing rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 272-283
Author(s):  
K. T. Orayaga ◽  
P. M. Goholshak
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Groundnut Cake

Three groundnut meals namely: groundnut cake (GNC), locally processed groundnut cake (kulikuli) and toasted groundnut seed(kernel) meal (TGSM) were incorporated in rabbit diets at two levels to generate six diets: 18% GNC, 22% GNC, 18% Kulikuli, 22% Kulikuli, 18% TGSM and 22% TGSM respectively, and 18% GNC also served as the control diet. Twenty four (24) six weeks-old growing rabbits of mixed breeds and sexes with mean initial weight of 568.75±l2.85g were randomly allocated to the six dietary treatment groups, such that each had four rabbits and each rabbit formed a replicate in a completely randomized design laid out in a 2X3 factorial arrangement and fed ad libitum, for 70 days. The main effects showed that while the treatment groups fed TGSM were significantly depressed (p<0.05). rabbits fed GNC and kulikuli were not significantly different (p>0.05) for average daily feed intake, daily body weight gain and final body weight. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was not significantly (p >0.05) affected among treatment groups. Rabbits fed TGSM had significantly (p<0.05) better apparent digestibility coefficient (78.04%) than those on kulikuli (75.81%6) and the group on kulikuli were better than animals fed GNC (72.09%) for fat digestibility. Fibre digestibility was also significantly different (p <0.05), with rabbits fed kulikuli having the poorest fibre digestion (15.63 %). Crude protein, dry matter and NFE apparent digestibility coefficients were not significantly (p >0.05) affected. Among all the parameters measured, only fat and fibre digestibility coefficients had significant (p <0.05) interactions and NFE digestibility was significantly affected (p <0.05) by level of inclusion, with groups fed 22% digesting it better. Feed cost kg gain did not differ significantly (p >0.05) among the treatment groups. Growth was still on the rise and there was a significantly (P<0.01) strong relationship (correlation and regression) between feed intake and weight gain for all the treatment groups. was concluded that both kulikuli and TGSM are potential feed resources for rabbits, more available to house hold farmers, equally economical as GNC and better still if groundnut farmers and or processors of kulikuli raise rabbits, though TGSM had less value for growth rate compared to GNC and Kulikuli at these levels of inclusion

scholarly journals Growth performance, blood profile and economic analysis of broilers fed fermented mixture of cassava flour and bovine blood (cassablood) based diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 254-262
Author(s):  
A. O. Aniebo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Cassava Flour ◽  
Biochemical Indices

The effect of dietary treatments on growth performance, haematological and biochemical indices of finisher broilers as well as economics of broiler production were determined in this fermented cassava flour/blood mixture code-named "cassablood". The control diet (T1) contained 0% cassablood, while diets 2, 3 and 4 contained 20%, 25% and 30% cassablood respectively. 120 four weeks old Anak broiler chicken were randomly allocated the 4 diets with 30 birds per treatment replicated 3 times with ten 10 broilers per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). Treatment effects on final body weight, final weight gain, feed intake and seed conversion ratio were significant (P<0.05). Birds fed cassablood based diets compared favourably with the control diet. 20% cassablood inclusion performed equally with the control diet in feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio.All dietary groups also showed no significant differences (P>0.05) in most haematological and serum biochemical indices of broilers except in cholesterol, glucose and triglyceride contentswhichdiffered (P<0.05) significantly. Similarly, chicken on 20% and 25% inclusion levels produced significantly (P < 0.05) higher economic gains in terms of feed cost per kilogram of broiler among all the treatments. Therefore, 20 - 25% cassablood dietary inclusion level was recommended in broiler diet for production and profit maximization.  

scholarly journals Effects of supplemental xylanase and xylooligosaccharides on production performance and gut health variables of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit K. Singh ◽  
Birendra Mishra ◽  
Michael R. Bedford ◽  
Rajesh Jha
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Total Period

Abstract Background This study evaluated the effects of supplemental xylanase and xylooligosaccharides (XOS) in a corn-soybean meal (SBM)-based diet on growth performance and intestinal health of broilers. A total of 288 day-old chicks (Cobb 500) were allocated to 36 floor pens (8 birds/pen) equally in 9 dietary treatments in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement. The treatments were combinations of 3 levels of xylanase (0, 0.005% and 0.01% Econase XT) and 3 levels of prebiotics (0, 0.005% and 0.01% XOS) added to basal mash diets formulated in three phases (starter, d 0–14; grower, d 15–28; finisher, d 29–42). The feed intake and body weights were recorded weekly. On d 42, ileal sections were collected for histomorphometric and gene expression analysis, and cecal content was collected for determining short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and microbiota. Results Xylanase linearly (P < 0.01) increased the average daily gain (ADG) in both the finisher and total period and the final body weight gain (FBWG, 2940 & 2932 vs. 2760 g) of broilers. XOS did not significantly increase either ADG or FBWG (P > 0.05). Supplemental xylanase and XOS did not affect average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio (P > 0.05). Xylanase and XOS did not change villus height (VH) or crypt depth (CD) ratio (P > 0.05). However, xylanase exhibited a trend (P = 0.097) on VH:CD ratio. The inclusion of 0.01% XOS without xylanase increased the level of IL-10 (a marker of anti-inflammatory cytokine) and IL-4 (a T-cell differentiation cytokine) genes compared with control (P < 0.05). The acetate production was increased by xylanase (P < 0.01) and XOS (P < 0.05) without an additive effect. Xylanase increased total SCFA (P < 0.01) while XOS had a tendency to increase (P = 0.052). Alpha and beta diversity of microbiota among treatments were not different (P > 0.05). However, the mean proportion of family Ruminococcaceae was increased by the supplemental 0.01% xylanase (P < 0.01). Conclusion It can be concluded that XOS can enhance cecal fermentation, while xylanase can increase the body weight gain along with the fermentation metabolites in the ceca of broilers fed the corn-SBM-based diet but the effects may not always translate into an improved mucosal absorptive capacity and a better feed efficiency.

scholarly journals Growth Performance and Digestibility of Starter Broiler Chicks Fed Diets Containing Different Duration of Fermented Baobab (Adansonia digitata) Seed Meal

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
I. Y. Gang ◽  
F. B. P. Abang ◽  
D. T. Shaahu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
The Body ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Final Body Weight

A nutrient retention and growth performance study were conducted with broiler chicks to evaluate the effect of different duration of fermented baobab seed meal (FBSM). Fermented baobab (Adansonia digitata) seeds were ground and incorporated in the diets at 12% dietary level. Diet 1 (control diet) had no BSM. Diet 2 had unfermented BSM. Diets 3, 4 and 5 had baobab seed meal (BSM) fermented for 48 h, 72 h and 96 h, respectively. Two hundred and forty (240) Arbor Acre chicks at one-week old were weighed and distributed to these dietary treatments. The five (5) treatments were replicated four (4) times in a completely randomized design, with 12 birds per replicate (48 per treatment). The diets did not significantly (p>0.05) influenced Feed intake, final body weight, feed conversion ratio and protein intake across treatments. The body weight gain and protein efficiency ratio of the chicks fed 96 h fermented BSM were not significantly (p>0.05) different with those fed control diet but were significantly (p<0.05) higher than chicks of other treatment groups. Starter broiler chicks fed T4 had significantly (p<0.05) higher nutrient digestibility parameters across treatments, except for EE and CF that were highly digested by chicks fed T3 and T1 respectively. In conclusion the performance of broiler chicks fed 96 h FBSM competed favorably with those fed control diet, whereas, chicks placed on 72 h FBSM recorded better result of nutrient digestibility.

scholarly journals Performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler chicks as influenced by multienzyme addition to starter diets containing palm kernel meal

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.E. Aya ◽  
B.A. Ayanwale ◽  
A.T. Ijaiya ◽  
A. Aremu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation

This study was conducted to investigate the performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler chicks as influenced by multi-enzyme (Hemicell +Roxazyme G) addition to starter diets containing palm kernel meal. Nine experimental diets were formulated such that diet 1 which served as control contained 0 % PKM without enzyme supplementation. Diet 2, 3, 4 and 5 contained 10, 20, 30 and 40 % PKM levels respectively with multi-enzyme supplementation while diets 6, 7, 8 and 9 contained 10, 20, 30 and 40 % PKM inclusion levels respectively without multi-enzyme supplementation. Five hundred and forty (540) day old hybro broilers of mixed sex in ratio (1: 1) were randomly assigned to nine diets in a completely randomized design. Each treatment was replicated thrice with 20 birds per replicate. The experiment lasted 35 days. The results showed that nutrient digestibility in the control and 10 % PKM with enzyme supplementation were similar but were significantly (P<0.05) higher than other PKM diets with or without supplementation. There was significant (P<0.05) improvement in body weight and body weight gain and reduce feed intake with supplementation. Birds fed with 20 % PKM with enzyme showed similarity with control birds in all the performance parameters measured. Enzyme addition significantly (P<0.05) reduced cost of feed consumed at 30 % level of inclusion with PKM while cost per kilogram weight gain and cost of production were lower at 20 % PKM level.

scholarly journals Performance of broiler birds fed graded levels of clove (Syzgium aromaticum (L.) buds powder in semi-arid region, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
H. B Usman ◽  
◽  
K. M Aljameel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

The study was conducted on broiler chickens to investigate the effect of graded levels of clove buds powder fed on performance. A total of 288 broiler chickens were being used. The broiler chickens randomly divided into four treatments groups (four experimental diets): T1 (control), T2 (0.5 kg/100kg), T3 (1 kg/100kg) and T4 (1.5 kg/100kg). At the starter phase of experiment, the broiler chickens in treatment 4 (1.5 kg/100kg cloves) show better performs (p<0.05) in final body weight, body weight gain and body weight gain per bird compared to birds in treatment 1(control) and treatment 2 (0.5 kg/100kg). The final phase of the study shows significantly (p<0.05) decreases in feed intake, average daily feed intake and mortality rate with increasing levels of the clove buds powder fed, while body weight and weight gain were increase significantly (p<0.05) with increasing levels of the clove buds powder fed. The study concludes that the use of ingredients of the cloves in poultry diet significantly (p<0.05) improves performance at 1.5 kg/100kg fed inclusion for broiler birds at starter and final phase.

Growth performance and digestibility of nutrients by weaner rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) fed diets containing varying levels of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) milling waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
A. A. Malik ◽  
Y. S. Kudu ◽  
M. Abdullahi ◽  
M. J. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Conventional feed resources for livestock are increasingly becoming more expensive, due to competition with man; hence nutritionists are searching for cheaper, locally-available alternatives. A total of forty-five (45) mixed sex weaner rabbits, aged 5 – 6 weeks, with average initial weights of between 694.42 and 761.10 g were used to investigate the effect of varying levels of cowpea milling waste (CMW) diets on their growth performance and nutrient digestibility. They were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments with nine rabbits per treatment. The control treatment (T1) contained 0 % CMW while treatments T2, T3, T4 and T5 had 10, 20, 30 and 40 % CMW dietary inclusion levels, respectively. Clean water and feed were offered ad libitum daily to the rabbits, and record of their feed intake and growth performance were taken for 12 weeks. At the end of the 11th week, a nutrient digestibility trial was carried out. Results show that there were no significant (P>0.05) differences in final body weight, body weight gain, total feed intake and mortality among the dietary treatments. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) for diets T4 (6.65) and T5 (6.66) containing 30 and 40 % CMW respectively, were as good as that of the control diet (6.11). Dry matter and crude protein digestibility showed no significant (P>0.05) difference across the treatments. Digestibility of crude fibre (72.64, 80.16, 84.04 and 80.90 % for T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively), ether extract (95.98, 94.90, 96.04 and 94.38 % for T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively), nitrogen free extract (94.30, 95.18, 93.58 and 94.90 % for T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively), as well as total digestible nutrient (83.69, 76.11, 81.67 and 80.02 % for T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively) of the test diets compared favourably with that of the control diet (72.94, 95.23, 96.04 and 80.47 % for CF, EE, NFE and TDN respectively). Hence, it can be concluded that CMW can be used safely as a protein source and included up to 40 % in weaner rabbit diets with no detrimental effect on their growth performance and nutrient digestibility.

Body weight and carcass characteristics of broilers fed different mixtures of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and garlic (Allium sativum) in diets

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
AYP Ojelade ◽  
AW Lamidi ◽  
FP Agbaye ◽  
JI Umoru ◽  
AS Ajibade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight

Body weight and carcass characteristics of broilers was investigated in a feeding experiment using 135 broilers of Abor acre strain in a completely randomised design that lasted for eight weeks at the Teaching and Research farm, Department of Agricultural education, Federal College of Education (Technical) Akoka Lagos Nigeria. The birds were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments of 45 chicks per treatment. Each treatment was replicated three times (15 chicks per replicate). Three isocaloric (2713.41 and 2918.76 Kcal/kg starter and finisher diets respectively) and isonitrogenous (Starter 24%CP and Finisher 20.37%) diets were formulated. The control diet was without mixture of ginger and garlic. The two other diets were T1:7.5g Ginger plus 7.5g Garlic mixture/25kg diet and T2: 15g Ginger plus 15g Garlic mixture/25kg diet. The experimental diets (starter and finisher diets) were offered to the respective bids with water ad libitum. The body weight gain (Kg) of birds fed control, T1 and T2:1.85, 1.90 and 1.74 respectively were not significantly different (p > 0.05).The feed intake (kg); 4.77, 4.22 and 4.02; and feed conversion ratio: 2.70; 2.22 and 2.31 for birds on control, T1 and T2 respectively were not different (p > 0.05) too. Birds on diet T2 recorded the highest liveability percentage (96%). Mixtures of ginger and garlic in ratio 1.1 up to 7.5g each in 25kg diets slightly increased final body weight gain and liveability; improved feed conversion ratio (FCR), reduced feed intake and dressed carcass percentage significantly (p<0.05) reduced weight of internal organs like liver, heart, kidney and gizzard. The increased final body weight gain and liveability as well as improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) of birds could possibly be due to improvement in feed digestion, additive advantage of nutrients and the anti-microbial property of the mixtures of ginger and garlic in the diets. While the reduced feed intake and dressed carcass percentage may be responsible for by the high fiber content, and some anti-nutritional factors in the ginger and garlic mixtures.Keywords: body weight, carcass characteristics, broiler chicken, Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY OF RABBITS FED FERMENTED AND UNFERMENTED COCOA POD HUSK

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
O. O. Adejinmi ◽  
R. A. Hamzat ◽  
J. B. Fapohunda
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk

This study was designed to investigate the performance and nutrient digestibility of rabbits fed cocoa pod husk (CPH). Thirty weaner rabbits of about five weeks old were used for the study. They were allotted to five treatment consisting of three replicates of two rabbits each. Diet T, served as the control with 0%CPH, Diet T2 and T3  contained 30% unfermented and fermented CPH respectively. The experiment lasted for ten (10) weeks. The results showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ration of rabbits fed increasing levels of inclusion of fermented and unfermented CPH in experimental diets. The apparent nutrient digestibility also improved with increasing levels of fermented and unfermented CPH in the diets. However, rabbits performed better on the fermented CPH than the unfermented CPH based diets.

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