scholarly journals Comparison Of The Indigenous And Exotic Pure And Crossbred Sows In Southern Nigeria: Relationship Between Dam And Litter Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
O. A. Adebambo
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Large White ◽  
Seasonal Factors ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Size At Birth

The study embraced the evaluation of reproductive efficiency of pure and crossbred exotic and indigenous sows of Nigeria. Characters studied were litter size at birth and weaning, survival at weaning, average pig weight, litter weights at 3,5 and 8 weeks of age and weight loss of the dams during lactation. Highly significant breed and seasonal effects were recorded in almost all traits studied on litter and piglet performance and the efficiency of milk utilization. No seasonal effect was reported for litter size, milk ingested per piglet and weight lost by the sow. Seasonal factors accounted for 0.43% of variation in litter size but 60.9% of litter weight. Breed differences accounted for 25.7% of birth weight and 59.8% of milk utilization efficiency and the sow age contributed 5.3% of pig birth weight and 36.0% of litter size variation. Pooled estimate indicated average pig birth weight of 1.14kg in the indigenous pigs and 1.54kg for the reciprocal Large White x Landrace piglets; average weaning weights ranged from 4.39 to 9.91kg and preweaning gain from 3.38 to 8.25kg respectively. Litter size at birth also varied from 5.2 in the landrace to 8.4 in the Duroc Large White cross with 4.6 and 7kg weights of pigs weaned respectively.

145 Effect of Substandard Teats on Piglet and Sow Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 133-134
Author(s):  
Mark Knauer ◽  
Zack Peppmeier
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Large White ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Maternal Line ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Piglet Survival

Abstract The objective of the study was to evaluate sow teat quality in relation to subsequent reproductive throughput. Data included one cohort of 42 Landrace × Large White second parity maternal line sows at the Tidewater Research Station (Plymouth, NC). Functional teats (FUNCTIONAL) were classified pre-farrow as acceptable (ACCEPTABLE) or substandard (SUBSTANDARD). Teats were categorized as SUBSTANDARD when teat size was ≤75% of ACCEPTABLE. At day 20 of lactation, ACCEPTABLE and SUBSTANDARD were assessed for the presence of a swollen mammary gland and piglets observed nursing SUBSTANDARD were recorded (24 piglets from 15 litters). Means for FUNCTIONAL, ACCEPTABLE and SUBSTANDARD were 15.07, 13.59 and 1.48 teats, respectively. Biological dam traits included birth weight (BWT), total number born (TNB), litter size at weaning (LSW) and piglet survival (LSW/TNB). Weaning weight (WWT) was considered a trait of the nurse dam. Means for TNB, LSW, litter BWT and litter WWT were 13.4, 10.9, 17.8 kg and 57.8 kg, respectively. Data was analyzed using a chi-square test for binary traits and linear mixed models for continuous traits. At weaning, a greater (P < 0.01) proportion of ACCEPTABLE had a functional mammary gland when compared to SUBSTANDARD (76 vs. 47%). Within litters, piglets nursing SUBSTANDARD tended (em>P = 0.09) to be 158 grams lighter at weaning in comparison to ACCEPTABLE. Yet BWT of SUBSTANDARD piglets did not differ (em>P = 0.60) from piglets nursing ACCEPTABLE. Across litters, an increase in one SUBSTANDARD tended (em>P = 0.07) to reduce litter WWT by 1.74 kilograms. An increase in one SUBSTANDARD tended (em>P < 0.07) to increase piglet survival by 3.5%. Results suggest substandard teats, identified pre-farrow, are less likely to have a functional mammary gland at weaning, impair piglet quality yet may enhance piglet survival.

scholarly journals Effects of cooling on the reproductive performance of gilts

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-361
Author(s):  
J.O. Oyedeji ◽  
G.O. Imagbenikaro
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Large White ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance

The study examined the effect of cooling on the reproductive performance of gilts using 27 Large White Experimental Gilts on a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 systems of cooling, namely Wallow Cooling (WC), Sprinkler Cooling (SC) and Zero Cooling (ZC). Gilts were weighed at the commencement of the experiment and thereafter fed ad libitum from service to farrowing. Feed intake till farrow, feed cost, gilt weight at farrow, date of farrow, litter size and weight were recorded. The feed/piglet weight, feed intake/litter, feed cost/litter and birth weight/piglet were derived. The results showed that feed intake per litter and feed per piglet weight were highest for gilts placed on WC(P< 0.05), followed by SC and least for sow placed on ZC; gilt weight before farrow was highest for sow placed on SC (69.78±0.92), followed by ZC (69.33±0.94) and least for gilts placed on WC (67.33±0.87); litter sizes of gilts placed under the WC and SC systems were similar (5.6±0.41) while that under the ZC system was comparatively smaller (5.4±0.40);while the date of farrow was lowest in the ZC system (113.8±0.32) followed by SC (114.0±0.33) and highest under the WC (114.1±0.33). However, the feed intake per litter, feed per piglet weight, litter sizes of gilts, birth weight per piglet of gilts and the average date of farrow among gilts placed on WC, SC and ZC were not statistically different at 5% level of significance. Though, there is no significant difference in the performance among gilts placed on WC, SC and ZC, temperature regulation through provision of efficient cooling system in piggery would help to increase litter size, improve feed intake per litter and reduce the average cost of feeding gilt per day in maximizing reproductive performances in pigs.Keywords: Cooling, gilts, service, farrow, piggery, litter size, piglet and birth weight

Comparative farrowing to weaning performance in Meishan and Large White pigs and their crosses

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Lee ◽  
C. S. Haley
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Large White ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Litter Traits ◽  
Breed Differences

AbstractGrowth and survival from birth to weaning were monitored during three generations of crossbreeding between British Large White (LW) and Chinese Meishan (MS) pigs. The design allowed comparisons between sow genotypes ranging from zero to all MS genes, which were mated toLWor MS boars, to produce progeny with proportions of 0·0 to 0·5 or 0·5 to 1·0 MS genes, respectively. Crossbreeding parameters of both maternal and direct piglet performance were estimated for the first two parities using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) methods for litter traits (litter weight at birth, litter mean and within litter standard deviation of piglet weight at birth, proportion surviving to weaning, litter size and weight at weaning and litter mean piglet weight at weaning) and for traits of the piglet (birth weight, probability of survival and weaning weight). For litter traits, the estimated contribution of the additive maternal effect to the breed differences (MS-LW) was significant for litter mean piglet birth weight (–0·46 (s.e. 0·04) kg), survival to weaning (0·15 (s.e. 0·02)), litter size at weaning (1·6 (s.e. 0·16) piglets), litter weaning weight (–11·2 (s.e. 3·8) kg) and litter mean piglet weaning weight (2·54 (s.e. 0·24) kg). Adding litter size and litter mean piglet birth weight to the model removed the additive maternal contribution to the breed differences in survival, and litter size and reduced that for litter mean piglet weaning weight. The contribution of the direct additive effect to the breed difference (MS-LW) was significant for the within litter standard deviation in birth weight (0·018 (s.e. 0·006)), survival to weaning (0·12 (s.e. 0·02)) and litter size (1·12 (s.e. 0·64)) and weight (11·6 (s.e. 4·0) kg) at weaning, but not for piglet weight at birth or weaning. Fitting litter size and litter mean birth weight had comparatively little impact on the direct additive effects. There were significant maternal heterosis effects for litter weight at birth and litter size and weight at weaning, the estimated deviation of the F1 from the midpoint of the two purebreds 3·22 (s.e. 0·55) kg, 2·20 (s.e. 0·47) piglets, and 20·1 (s.e. 3·3) kg respectively, but none for survival or piglet weights. There were direct heterosis effects for litter weight and litter mean piglet weights, the estimated deviation of the Fjfrom the mid point of the two purebreds being 1·16 (s.e. 0·41) kg and 0·14 (s.e. 0·02) kg, for survival to weaning (0·04 (s.e. 0·02)) and for litter weight (11·2 (s.e. 2·5) kg) and litter mean piglet weight (0·96 (s.e. 0·17) kg) at weaning. Fitting litter size and litter mean piglet birth weight removed or reduced both maternal and direct heterosis effects. Individual piglet analyses gave similar results to analyses of the equivalent sow trait. It was concluded that in litters born to MS cows, the lower piglet survival and lower weaning weights were related to the larger litter sizes and lower piglet birth weights. For their birth weight, however, MS piglets have a greater ability to survive and thrive. The large direct and maternal heterosis effects observed for litter and mean piglet weight at weaning werepartly associated with the heavier birth weight of the crossbred piglet.

FAILURE OF A 16 h L:8 h D or AN 8 h L:16 h D PHOTOPERIOD TO INFLUENCE LACTATION OR REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY IN SOWS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. GREENBERG ◽  
J. P. MAHONE
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Short Photoperiod ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Long Photoperiod ◽  
Size At Birth

Forty-one sows were divided into two groups where animals were either exposed to a long photoperiod (16 h L:8 h D) or a short photoperiod (8 h L:16 h D) 1 mo before parturition. One month prior to the following parturition, sows were switched to the opposite light treatment and maintained on this treatment until the following estrus. Birth weight and litter size at birth of piglets conceived under natural lighting (15.4 h L) did not significantly differ from piglets conceived under a 16 h L or 8 h L photoperiod. Litter size at weaning and weight of piglets did not significantly differ for receiving a 16 h L or an 8 h L regime followed by the opposite treatment. The length of time to return to heat from weaning to next estrus was unaffected by photoperiod. The results from this experiment indicate that photoperiods of 16 h L:8 h D or 8 h L:16 h D have no influence on reproductive efficiency or lactation in sows. Key words: Light, photoperiod, production, swine, sows

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF SEASON AND LITTER SIZE ON GESTATION LENGTH IN SWINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
G. N. Egbunike ◽  
J. Steinbach
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Large White ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

488 gestations (309 Large White and 179 Landrace) and the size of all litters resulting from services which occurred between January 1967 and March 1970 were analysed. The mean gestation length was 113.96 days for the Large White and 113.74 days for the Landrace while the mean values for the litter size were 9.14 and 9.58 respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between these two traits in both breeds (P 0.01). A slight and non-significant seasonal effect (P 0.10) was shown with the highest and lowest gestation lengths being recorded in July (114.38 days) and in January and February (113.40 days). Breed effect and interaction between breed and season were also not significant.

Social behaviour of domestic animals VII. Variation in weaning weight in pigs

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. McBride ◽  
J. W. James ◽  
G. S. F. Wyeth
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Large White ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Causal Sequence

SUMMARYRegression analyses were made of the inter-relations among weights at day-old, 3 and 8 weeks, teat order, social order and litter size in 41 litters of young pigs.Birth weight and teat order accounted for 40 % of the variation of 3-week weight within litters. Social rank was strongly influenced by 3-week weight, but not by birth weight or teat order except through their effects on 3-week weight. About 70% of the within-litter variation in 8-week weight was attributable to 3-week weight and social rank. Of the total variation in 8-week weight about 55 % could be explained in terms of the other variables. The effect of litter size on 8-week weight appeared to differ considerably in the Berkshire and Large White pigs used in this study.On the assumption of a causal sequence in time, the within-litter variation in 8-week weight was partitioned into fractions of 19% due to birth weight, 5 % due to teat order, 29 % due to 3-week weight and 17 % due to social rank.

Litter productivity in Large White pigs: 1. The relative importance of some sources of variation

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Strang
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Large White ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Size At Birth

SUMMARYData from 38000 Large White litters farrowed in 146 British herds were analysed to investigate the relative importance of various sources of variation affecting litter productivity. The effects of the season and the year of farrowing were very small relative to the effect of the herd of farrowing which was particularly large on the litter and average pig weights at three weeks. There was a small increase in the size of gilt litters as the age of the gilt at first farrowing increased. Litter size increased progressively with parity up to around the fourth litter and then declined gradually at higher pari-ties. There was a suggestion that the sire of a litter may hve a very small effect on litter size at birth but not at three weeks or eight weeks.

Litter performance characteristics of pigs in tropical south-western Nigeria 1. Breed differences and effects of some non-genetic sources of variation

1977 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Leigh
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Large White ◽  
Western State ◽  
Postnatal Mortality ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Stock Farm ◽  
Season Interaction ◽  
Size At Birth

SUMMARYData for 432 litters of pigs were collected from 1965 to 1975 inclusive, at the Fasola Stock Farm, near Oyo in the Western State of Nigeria. The breeds represented were Large White, Duroc and Hampshire, and their crosses. The main objective was to investigate the effects of certain identifiable environmental sources of variation on litter performance characteristics such as litter size, mortality and weight at birth, 3 weeks and 8 weeks of age. Breed and year effects were significant for the litter size traits, but parity of dam, season and breed × season effects were significant only for litter size at birth which increased up to the fifth parity and then declined steadily in subsequent parities. Postnatal pig mortality was affected significantly by breed, litter size at birth and breed × season interaction. It was found that the larger the size of litter at birth the higher the postnatal mortality. Average pig weight at birth was reduced by approximately 0·01 kg for each additional pig in the litter.

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