scholarly journals Indonesia’s contribution in tracing the human ancestor

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 2-7
Author(s):  
Fachroel Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Homo Erectus ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
Early Humans ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Geological Research ◽  
Human Fossils

Since Darwin’s postulated the origin of the human species from an ape-like ancestor, the search for the missing link between ape and human had begun. In 1887, Eugene Dubois traveled from the Netherlands to Indonesia to search for the missing link. He eventually discovered human fossils in Wajak, Kedungbrubus, and Trinil to which he named Pithecanthropus erectus. The research was then continued by Ter Haar (1931) in Ngandong, Dujfyes, and his assistant, Andoyo (1936) in Perning, Mojokerto, and Von Koenigswald (1936-1940) in Sangiran, who successfully discovered many Homo erectus fossils. Since the 1960s, Sartono (ITB), T. Jacob (UGM), and Geological Research and Development Centre (Indonesia) continue the study, adding the collection of the specimens. Collaboration with the National Museum of Science and Nature, Tokyo concluded that Indonesian Homo erectus went through local evolution instead of static evolution condition. Indonesia is rich in natural resources and environmental conditions that were suitable for the evolution of early humans as shown by the discovery of several Homo erectus skeleton fossils that were not found in most other countries. This is a blessing left by early humans to us.

Representing Korean architecture in the modern West: two Korean Pavilions from 1960s international expositions

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-170
Author(s):  
Hyon-Sob Kim
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
High Tech ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Inflection Points ◽  
New York World's Fair ◽  
International Expositions ◽  
Design Competition ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Korean Architecture

The Korean Pavilions for the 1964 New York World's Fair and the 1967 Montreal International Exposition were designed by Chung-Up Kim (1922-88) and Swoo-Geun Kim (1931-86) respectively, two pioneers of modern architecture in Korea. Both pavilions’ designs raise a widespread architectural question about the modern representation of tradition. In contrast to earlier pavilions in Chicago (1893) and Paris (1900) that replicated poorly supposedly ‘authentic’ Korean architecture, these 1960s entries modernised traditional architecture from their architect's creative viewpoint. While Chung-Up Kim noted the formal qualities of the Korean sloped roof, especially its curvilinearity, Swoo-Geun Kim emphasised the traditional timber structure underneath the roof, exaggerating its horizontal layers. In other words, the former's pavilion was more expressive and sculptural, which reflected the architect's Corbusian and even Aaltoesque tendencies. Conversely, the latter pavilion was more logical and systematic. However, Swoo-Geun Kim's interpretation of tradition was also ultimately about the form, though he soon became more interested in space. With regard to the form, the two Kims shared the fundamental idea that the past must not be imitated as it was, but re-created in a modern sense. This underlying argument is reflected in the contemporary ‘debate on tradition’ ignited by the design competition for the National Museum of Korea in 1966. It also relates to to the ‘Japanese-Style Scandal’ of 1967 in which Swoo-Geun Kim suffered for his design of the Buyeo National Museum, 1965-68, due to the inclusion of Japanese nuances in the design of the Montreal Pavilion. Swoo-Geun Kim's later high-tech style pavilion for the 1970 Osaka Expo, alongside recent projects by Minsuk Cho in Yeosu (2010) and Venice (2014) has more recently suggested alternative ways to represent Korea in architecture. Therefore, these two pavilions from the 1960s can be understood as unique inflection points in Korean architectural history.

Negotiating Food Heritage Interpretations: Experiences of a Project at the Estonian National Museum

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-134
Author(s):  
Anu Kannike ◽  
Ester Bardone
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Public Forum ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Public

Abstract The article examines varied interpretations of food heritage in contemporary Estonia, relying on the authors’ experiences of a three-year research and development project at the Estonian National Museum (ENM). The study focuses on the museum researchers’ collaboration with different stakeholders, representing small entrepreneurs and the public and non-profit sectors. The authors tackle the partners’ expectations and outcomes of diverse cooperational initiatives and the opportunities and challenges of a contemporary museum as a public forum for discussions on cultural heritage. The project revealed that diverse, complementary, and contested food heritage interpretations exist side-by-side on the Estonian foodscape. Additionally, the project enabled the authors to become better aware of the researcher’s role in the heritagisation process and of the museum as a place for negotiating the meanings and values of food culture.

scholarly journals Lepus europaeus (Lagomorpha: Leporidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (997) ◽  
pp. 125-142
Author(s):  
Anni Bock
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
European Hare ◽  
International Union ◽  
Declining Populations ◽  
The 1960S

Abstract Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778, commonly called the European hare, is one of 32 species of Lepus. It is widely distributed in Europe and Asia where it was not native but introduced by humans for sport. L. europaeus does not burrow, nor hibernate, and gives birth to precocial young (leverets). It prefers open grassland, fields, agricultural farmland, and pastures with hedgerows and bushes. Declining populations in several countries since the 1960s led to increased research to investigate the reasons; L. europaeus is considered threatened in several countries, but of “Least Concern” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.

Economic Crisis, Natural Resources, and Irregular Leader Removal in Autocracies

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 726-741
Author(s):  
Suthan Krishnarajan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Iv Estimation ◽  
International Credit ◽  
Leader Survival ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWhy do autocratic leaders escape revolution, coups, and assassination during times of economic crisis? I argue that the spike in natural resource revenues since the 1960s has increased autocratic crisis resilience. The availability of this alternative revenue stream provides autocratic leaders with a constant inflow of money, increases their ability to repress dissent, and improves their access to international credit. Extending the analysis back to 1875, I show that the relationship between economic crisis and irregular leader removal in autocracies is strong and robust before the 1960s, but disappears in more recent periods. Interaction analyses confirm that the effects of economic crisis are moderated by natural resource income. These findings are robust to an array of alternative specifications, including analyses that address endogeneity concerns via instrumental variable (IV) estimation. A more particular examination of the theoretical mechanisms also supports the argument. These findings challenge widely held beliefs in the literature of a strong, direct effect of economic crisis on autocratic leader survival; they explain why economic crisis seems to destabilize some autocrats, but not others.

Ephemeral Spaces and Pneumatic Architecture: The Films of Nikolaus Geyrhalter

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-155
Author(s):  
Fatima Naqvi
Keyword(s):  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Linear Perspective ◽  
Human Species ◽  
The West ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

Abstract The Austrian director Nikolaus Geyrhalter’s films consistently thematize linear perspective as a mode of thought. His documentaries use one-point perspective to draw attention to a scientific habitus, with its studied neutrality and foregrounded objectivity. His “partitive images” home in on the fleeting relation of part to whole, revealing the difficulty of understanding large concepts such as the West or the human species through such supposedly objective images. This article also discusses the connection between Geyrhalter’s photographic mode and sophisticated technological processes. It looks at architecture as an organizing element in relation to Bernd Becher and Hilla Becher’s nomadic typologies and the pneumatic architecture of the 1960s and 1970s, with special attention to the films Unser täglich Brot (Our Daily Bread, 2005), Abendland (Occident, 2011), and Homo Sapiens (2016).

scholarly journals The Importance of R&D and Innovation in Development; The Case of Turkey

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine Fırat ◽  
Zeynep Karaçor ◽  
Serdar Altınok
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
World Order ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Conceptions Of Learning ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Technology And Learning ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Creative Forces

There are many different ways for the development of a country. Some countries are enriched with intensive industries and some with natural resources. Countries should have creative forces and ideas to develop besides the natural resources and hardware. With the globalized world order, countries will be able to develop depending on R & D and innovation. In recent years, the necessity of research and development and innovation has been emphasized and accordingly, the importance of conceptions of learning, research, creativity and innovation has increased for realization of the development. Today with accelerated globalization, both companies and countries have been forced to adopt policies based on technological innovation and provided information and competitive advantage to adapt to change. As a result of policies of the country, the increase in innovation performance has contributed to the development. Information, technology and learning processes have been effective in improving their innovation performance. In this study, Turkey's regional R & D and innovation activities are evaluated and the importance of innovation and research and development activities for development are highlighted. Consequently, R & D and innovation projects contribute to the improvement and development of Turkey, thereby enabling effective and efficient use of sources. The results demonstrate that there is an increase in R & D and innovation activities, but not sufficiently in recent years in Turkey and in this regard there should be more steps for public and private sectors.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF GEOGRAPHY TEXT BOOK MODEL BOOK WORLD GEOGRAPHY

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Furqan Ishak Aksa
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Education Standards ◽  
Text Book ◽  
National Education ◽  
World Geography ◽  
Book World ◽  
National Education Standards

The Development of Geography Textbooks Model Of World Geography. Research and development aims to produce geography text book material natural resources for class XI SMA designed with the model book World Geography. The procedure of research and development conducted by Dick and Carey model of which is done through 8 stages. Results of field trials showed admissions to book products reached 80.42% (efficient). Referring to the category of product feasibility textbooks developed by the National Education Standards Agency (2006), the scores can be categorized efficiently. Therefore, the product textbooks deserve to be used as teaching materials. Keywords: The Development, Geography textbooks, World Geography Model

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