scholarly journals Highland amphibians and extremely diluted thyroxine: pre-experiment storage at low temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (47) ◽  
pp. 89-90
Author(s):  
Peter Christian Endler ◽  
Bernhard Harrer
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
High Dilution ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Intermediate Cooling ◽  
Experimental Runs

Introduction: In the course of more than two decades of experimental work on a model with amphibians and extremely diluted thyroxine, one experiment in particular, investigating the effect of an ultra-high dilution of thyroxine (T30x) v analogously prepared water (W30x) in amphibians from highland biotopes, was found to be reproducible. A total of 22 experimental runs were performed between 1990 and 2011, 15 by the initial researchers and 7 by altogether 5 independent researchers (1-5). In most of these (the sole exception being two performed and reported by the initial team) a trend was found of T30x-animals developing more slowly than W30x-animals. Pooled T30x values obtained by the initial team were 10.1% lower than W30x values (100%) (p < 0.01), and pooled T30x values from the 5 independent researchers were 12.4% lower (p < 0.01). The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that storing the animals at 4°C prior to the experiment does not influence (i.e. inhibit) the effect of T30x. Cooling here seemed to be a promising means of facilitating the transport of the highland larvae to laboratories and of synchronizing experiments. Methods: The original protocol was followed, but animals were stored at 4°C for several days prior to the experiment. Results: In contrast to the majority of previous experiments, no clear trend was found of T30x values being different from W30x values, i.e. of animals developing more slowly under the influence of T30x (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This experiment failed to reproduce the previously observed inhibiting effect of ultra-high diluted thyroxine on highland amphibians. The hypothesis that storage of the animals at 4°C does not influence the effect of T30x could not be proven; in contrast, it may be that this intermediate cooling down of the larvae is responsible for the failure of the replication.

Modeling of Extended Defects in Silicon

1996 ◽  
Vol 438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Law ◽  
K. S. Jones ◽  
S. K. Earles ◽  
A. D. Lilak ◽  
J-W. Xu
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Extended Defects ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Extended Defect ◽  
Enhanced Diffusion ◽  
Transient Enhanced Diffusion ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Defect Behavior

AbstractTransient Enhanced Diffusion (TED) is one of the biggest modeling challenges present in predicting scaled technologies. Damage from implantation of dopant ions changes the diffusivities of the dopants and precipitates to form complex extended defects. Developing a quantitative model for the extended defect behavior during short time, low temperature anneals is a key to explaining TED. This paper reviews some of the modeling developments over the last several years, and discusses some of the challenges that remain to be addressed. Two examples of models compared to experimental work are presented and discussed.

327. Spray-dried milk powder. Commercial observations over two years of the effect of high temperature pre-heating

1945 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 160-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Crossley
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Commercial Operation ◽  
Experimental Runs ◽  
Spray Dried

The beneficial effects of high-temperature pre-heating of the milk before spray drying constitute the main features which emerged from previous experimental work (1). The bacteriological advantages became obvious during the experimental period, and high-temperature pre-heating at 190°F. was introduced as standard practice following the experimental runs. Further observations have been made during two complete drying seasons, in ordinary commercial operation wherein the milk was collected once daily without special selection and pre-heated to 190°F. without preliminary clarification. This work has afforded opportunity to discover any possible practical difficulties, and also to examine a much wider range of samples than was possible during the experimental period.

scholarly journals Survivability of Anhydrobiotic Cyanobacteria in Salty Ice: Implications for the Habitability of Icy Worlds

Life ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Cosciotti ◽  
Amedeo Balbi ◽  
Alessandra Ceccarelli ◽  
Claudia Fagliarone ◽  
Elisabetta Mattei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Eutectic Temperature ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Dry Valleys ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Microbial Life ◽  
Icy Moons ◽  
Liquid Solutions ◽  
Eutectic Concentration ◽  
Experimental Runs

Two anhydrobiotic strains of the cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis, namely CCMEE 029 and CCMEE 171, isolated from the Negev Desert in Israel and from the Dry Valleys in Antarctica, were exposed to salty-ice simulations. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the cyanobacterial capability to survive under sub-freezing temperatures in samples simulating the environment of icy worlds. The two strains were mixed with liquid solutions having sub-eutectic concentration of Na2SO4, MgSO4 and NaCl, then frozen down to different final temperatures (258 K, 233 K and 203 K) in various experimental runs. Both strains survived the exposure to 258 K in NaCl solution, probably as they migrated in the liquid veins between ice grain boundaries. However, they also survived at 258 K in Na2SO4 and MgSO4-salty-ice samples—that is, a temperature well below the eutectic temperature of the solutions, where liquid veins should not exist anymore. Moreover, both strains survived the exposure at 233 K in each salty-ice sample, with CCMEE 171 showing an enhanced survivability, whereas there were no survivors at 203 K. The survival limit at low temperature was further extended when both strains were exposed to 193 K as air-dried cells. The results suggest that vitrification might be a strategy for microbial life forms to survive in potentially habitable icy moons, for example in Europa’s icy crust. By entering a dried, frozen state, they could be transported from niches, which became non-habitable to new habitable ones, and possibly return to metabolic activity.

Low-Temperature Vacuum Drying Procedure for Rapid Asphalt Emulsion Residue Recovery

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (28) ◽  
pp. 256-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haritha Malladi ◽  
Meron Asnake ◽  
Andrew LaCroix ◽  
Cassie Castorena
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vacuum Drying ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Asphalt Emulsion ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Multiple Stress ◽  
Creep And Recovery ◽  
Asphalt Emulsions ◽  
Drying Technology ◽  
Future Work

Asphalt emulsions are used extensively in tack coats and preservation surface treatments. The current specifications for asphalt emulsion residue recovery in AASHTO PP 72 are based on low-temperature evaporative drying. The shortest residue recovery procedure included in AASHTO PP 72 requires 6 h of conditioning in an oven to dry an emulsion. The ability to recover emulsion residues efficiently is of great interest given the ongoing efforts to develop emulsion performance-graded specifications based on residual binder properties. In this study, a rapid, vacuum drying technology was evaluated for asphalt emulsion residue recovery. The procedure enables the recovery of sufficient residual binder for dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) testing within 20–40 min. Five emulsions of different classifications were evaluated using both the vacuum drying procedure and the AASHTO PP 72 procedures. The vacuum drying procedure leads to similar water loss to the AASHTO PP 72 procedures. Based on the temperature-frequency sweep and multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test results, the vacuum-dried residues are softer and more viscous than residues recovered using the AASHTO PP 72 procedures. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed to identify if oxidation levels could explain the observed in rheological trends. However, the results suggest no clear trend in the oxidation levels of residues recovered using AASHTO PP 72 compared with the rapid vacuum procedure. Future work is necessary to infer which method best reflects residual binders placed in the field.

A Tem Study of Low Temperature Shock Induced α'-Martensite in 304 Stainless Steel

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 482-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Staudhammer ◽  
L. E. Murr
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Shear Band ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Temperature Shock ◽  
Twin Fault ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Very Low Temperature

A number of investigations have established that α'- martensite will form in shock-loaded 304 stainless steel at ambient temperature. The α'- martensite resulting from shock events above -195°C form at twin-fault or shear band intersections producing strain-induced α'- martensite morphologies. How ever, very little experimental work has been done at low tempertures (down to -268°C). In this present study we demonstrate that shock-loaded 304 stainless steel transforms by different mechanism at very low temperature. That is to say a “stress-assisted” nucleation, or different types of strain-induced mechanism.

scholarly journals Lowland amphibians - recalculation of data on effects of diluted thyroxine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (38) ◽  
pp. 03-18
Author(s):  
Peter Kiefer ◽  
Gerhard Lingg ◽  
Peter Christian Endler
Keyword(s):  
Rana Temporaria ◽  
High Dilution ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Control Water

Our previous paper described methodological problems and a generally acceptable pooling method for metamorphosis experiments and application of that method to the results of multicentre experiments performed over the course of two decades (1990 - 2010) on highland amphibians (Rana temporaria) treated with a homeopathically prepared high dilution of thyroxine (“30x”). Differences between treatment groups thus calculated were in line with those obtained with other pooling methods: Thyroxine 30x does slow down metamorphosis in highland amphibians. This follow up paper provides a broader background on metamorphosis physiology and describes application of the pooling method to experiments with Rana temporaria from lowland biotopes both with a moderate dilution of thyroxine (“8x”) and with 30x. Analogously prepared water was used for control (water 8x or 30x). Development was, again as above, monitored by documenting the number of animals that had entered the 4-legged stage. Experiments were carried out between 1990 and 2000 by different researchers independently and in blind. As it is well known, metamorphosis can be speeded up by thyroxine 10-8 mol/l; interestingly, thyroxine 8x may produce a reverse, i.e. inhibiting effect (p < 0.01). In contrast to the inhibiting effect of thyroxine 30x on highland larvae (see above), 2-legged lowland larvae did not react to thyroxine 30x (p > 0.05). However, an inhibiting effect on lowland larvae was found when animals were treated from the spawn stage on (p < 0.01).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document