scholarly journals Feed Intake Behaviour of different Pig Breeds during Performance Testing on Station

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Baumung ◽  
G. Lercher ◽  
A. Willam ◽  
J. Sölkner
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Large White ◽  
Pig Breeds ◽  
Feeding Station

Abstract. The aim of the study was to compare the feed intake behaviour of the two main pig breeds used as dam lines in Austria, Large White and Landrace, and to clarify whether there is an effect of MHS-type on feeding patterns in Pietrain. Feed intake behaviour of 1.593 pigs of three different breeds (618 Large White, 486 Landrace, 489 Pietrain) kept in group pens (maximum 13 pigs per pen) was analyzed. Different traits such as visits per hour and per day, time in the feeding station per hour and per day, feed intake per hour and per day and feed consumption rate were used to describe feed intake behaviour for the observation periods testing day and testing period. By using Generalized Linear Models differences in feed intake behaviour between the breeds were assessed. LS-Means were used to describe feed intake patterns for each breed. Large White and Landrace animals showed clearly different feed intake strategies: Large White can be characterized by a high number of visits in the station combined with shorter time spent in the station and lower consumption rates. Landrace animals tend to visit the feeding station less often per hour but compensate this with staying longer in the feeding station resulting in a higher feed intake per meal. The effects of MHS-type on feeding patterns of Pietrain, were small. Finally the relationships between selected growth and carcass traits (average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, lean meat content, meat quality index, intramuscular fat content) and selected feed intake behaviour traits (average feed intake per day, average time per day, average feed consumption rate) were analyzed using regression analysis. Average feed intake had a significant influence on all performance traits except the meat quality index.

scholarly journals The Population Structure and Selection Signal Analysis of Shenxian Pigs Based on Genome Resequencing Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diao Liu ◽  
Chunlian Lu ◽  
Shang Li ◽  
Mengyu Jia ◽  
Yutao Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Genome Resequencing ◽  
Large White ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Pig Breeds

Abstract Shenxian pigs are the only local black pig of Hebei Province, and were listed in the Genetics of Livestock and Poultry Resources of China in 2016. This breed of pig is considered to be a valuable local pig germplasm genetic resource in China. When compared with other introduced pig breeds, the Shenxian pig breed is characterized with early sexual maturity, short oestrus intervals, large litter sizes, and good meat quality, which are all of good research significance. However, the Shenxian pig variety was previously declared extinct in 2004 due to the introduction of a large number of foreign pig breeds. In order to preserve and study the Shenxian pig breed, the Hebei Zhengnong Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. was established in Hebei Province for the purpose of preserving the purified Shenxian pig strain. In the present study, in order to understand the genetic variations of Shenxian pigs, identify selected regions related to superior traits, and accelerate the breeding processes of Shenxian pigs, the whole genome of the Shenxian pigs was resequenced and compared with that of large white pigs. The goal was to explore the germplasm characteristics of Shenxian pigs.The results obtained in this research investigation revealed that the genetic relationships of the Shenxian pig breed were complex, and that sub-populations could be identified within the general population. A total of 23M SNP sites were obtained by whole genome resequencing, and 1,509 selected sites were obtained via bioinformatics analyses. It was determined after annotation that a total of 19 genes were enriched in three items of bioengineering, molecular function, and cell composition.During this research investigation, the aforementioned 19 genes were subjected to GO and KEGG analyses. Subsequently, the candidate genes related to cell proliferation were obtained (DMTF1 and WDR5), which were considered to possibly be related to the slow growth and development of Shenxian pigs. In addition, the candidate genes related to lactation were obtained (CSN2 and CSN3). However, no genes related to meat quality traits were successfully screened.

scholarly journals Microstructure of Longissimus Lumborum Muscle and Meat Quality of Native Polish Pig Breeds: Złotnicka Sp Otted and Puławska

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1199-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Bogucka ◽  
Wojciech Kapelański
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type I ◽  
Large White ◽  
Pig Breeds ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
Fattening Pigs

Abstract In 50 fattening pigs representing two Polish native breeds: 24 Złotnicka Spotted, 10 Puławska and 16 F1 ♀ (Polish Large White × Polish Landrace) × F1 ♂ (Duroc × Pietrain) crosses microstructure of muscle, carcass and meat quality were studied. Puławska pigs had the thickest backfat, but the loin eye area was smaller only in comparison to crossbreds. Compared to the Puławska breed, the meat of Złotnicka Spotted pigs was darker, which was associated with a greater percentage of type I fibres and a smaller percentage of type IIB fibres. Puławska pigs distinguished themselves from the other groups under study by the greatest density of fibres per mm2. Smaller diameter of type IIA and IIB fibres and higher total number of fibres were found in Puławska breed pigs compared to Złotnicka Spotted, despite the absence of differences in the loin eye area. Smaller thickness of the fibres favourably affects meat quality, and might be considered an indicator of a delicate structure of meat.

Genetic variation in meat quality and the incidence of malignant hyperthermia syndrome in Large White and Landrace boars

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (96) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
CP McPhee ◽  
A Takken ◽  
KJ D'Arcy
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Malignant Hyperthermia ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Large White ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Muscle Ph ◽  
Quality Measurements

Genetic variation in meat quality was investigated in Large White and Landrace boars in the Queensland boar performance testing station. An autosomal recessive gene of frequency 0.2 in Landrace but absent in Large White produced malignant hyperthermia syndrome (MHS) in 10 out of 206 Landrace boars given the halothane test. Muscle acidity was measured in 86 Large White and 92 Landrace carcases 1 hour (pH,) and 24 hours (pH,) after slaughter. In four Landrace litters which contained both normal and MHS boars, muscle pH was significantly lower in MHS than normal carcases. Averaged over loin, middle and neck sites of measurement, pH, values were 5.8 vs 6.3 (P < 0.01), and pH, values were 5.5 vs 6.0 (P < 0.05). The colour of the I. dorsi muscles was also paler in MHS than normal carcases (1.25 score points vs 2.5 points, P < 0.05). Excluding MHS carcases, heritability estimates of 0.33 � 0.31,0.46 � 0.30 and 0.3910.29 were obtained for pH,, pH, and colour score of the I. dorsi. There were no significant differences between the breeds in muscle acidity. Average values were 6.44 0 � 0.01 for pH, and 6.11 � 0.02 for pH,. Landrace had paler I. dorsi than Large White (2.6 points vs 2.8 points, P < 0.05). The use of meat quality measurements and the halothane test in selection programs is discussed.

Studies on Belgian Pietrain pigs 2. A comparison of growth and carcass characteristics of Pietrain used in three breed crosses with Landrace, Large White and Hampshire breeds

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Curran ◽  
I. J. Lean ◽  
J. E. Duckworth ◽  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Large White ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Breed Crosses

SUMMARY1. The growth, feed consumption per unit weight gain, carcass characteristics and some aspects of meat quality were studied in two trials with crosses derived from Landrace (L), Pietrain (P), Hampshire (H) and Large White (LW) breeds.2. In Trial 1, 96 pigs of both pure Landrace and LW(× (L♀ × P♂)♂ origin were studied up to slaughter weights of 64 and 91 kg live weight. In Trial 2, Landrace, LW♀ × (L♀ × P♂)♂ and LW ♂x (P♀x L♂)♂, (H♀ × P♂ × L♂ and (H♀ × P♂)♀ × LW♂ pigs were compared up to 91 kg live weight using 48 pigs of each type.3. All crossbred types showed better economy of production than Landrace when assessed by live-weight gain and feed consumption per unit weight gain. Their carcasses contained greater quantities of lean meat and similar quantities of rind, bone and fat than Landrace at comparable weights, but they exhibited a variable tendency to poorer meat quality. LW × (L × P) and LW × (P × L) carcasses at 91 kg live weight were shorter than Landrace; 4% and 14% of pigs in trials 1 and 2 respectively were less than the currently acceptable length of bacon pigs (775 mm). (H × P) × LW and (H×P)×L carcasses at this weight were much shorter; 34% and 38% respectively were less than 775 mm.

FEEDING BEHAVIOR OF POULTS EXPOSED TO PRE- AND POST-HATCHING VISUAL STIMULATION

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. LEWIS ◽  
J. F. HURNIK
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Large White ◽  
Turkey Poults ◽  
Body Weights

A total of 4000 Large White turkey poults were used in two experiments conducted to study the attraction of chromatic flashing lights. The first experiment concentrated on the change in sensibility to colored flashing lights of poults exposed to the same visual stimulation during the final stage of incubation. The second experiment was designed to determine whether the use of flashing lights could reduce the adverse effects of toe clipping and transportation. In both experiments the colored flashing lights were attached to the feeders. Visual stimulation in the hatcher did not significantly enhance the attraction of the poults to the lights on the feeders. Similarly, the use of colored flashing lights only partially compensated for the effects of transportation and toe clipping on the feed intake and early growth of the poults. On average, the transported poults (0, 24 and 48 h) consumed less feed during the 13 days of the experiment (0 h, 165.5 ± 3.1 g; 24 h, 153.4 ± 3.3 g and 48 h, 125.0 ± 2.4 g) and were lighter at 13 days of age (0 h, 201.1 ± 2.2 g; 24 h, 189.6 ± 2.2 g and 48 h, 167.4 ± 1.8 g) than nontransported ones. Transportation also increased mortality (0 h, 8.2%; 24 h, 10% and 48 h, 19.8%). Toe clipped poults initiated feeding after a longer latency (14.5 min vs. 34.3 min) and in the 1st wk of life they spent less time on net feed intake (3.9% vs. 1.3%). Correspondingly, their feed consumption up to 6 days of age was reduced (39.3 ± 2.1 g vs. 35.2 ± 1.6 g) and body weights at 13 days were lower (188.5 ± 2.8 g vs. 183.5 ± 2.5 g).

Growth-hormone-releasing factor given to early-pregnant Genex-Meishan and Large White gilts: Effects on growth, carcass, meat quality and histochemical traits of the progeny

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Faucitano ◽  
C. Pomar ◽  
C. Gariépy ◽  
C. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Large White ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Growth Hormone Releasing Factor ◽  
Lower Growth Rate ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) given in early gestation on post-weaning performance, carcass and meat quality and histochemical properties of two pig genotypes. Large White (LW, n = 10) and Genex Meishan-derived dam line (GM, with 50% Meishan genes, n = 10) gilts were treated during gestation with either saline injections (control, n = 5 LW and 5 GM), or 6.6 µg kg-1 of a GRF analog (n = 5 LW and 5 GM), given thrice daily from days 18 to 33 of gestation. After birth, at 56 d of age, four piglets (two barrows and two gilts) each from 20 litters were selected, allotted into individual pens and grown to slaughter weight (108.2 ± 2.3 kg). Feed intake was measured daily and pigs were weighed weekly. Prenatal GRF treatment had a detrimental effect (P < 0.05) on daily gain in both genotypes, but did not affect carcass quality. Significant interactions between GRF, genotype and sex (P < 0.01) for colour traits of the longissimus (L) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles and between GRF and genotype (P < 0.01) for shear force of the L muscle were found. GM pigs had lower growth rate (P < 0.01), higher feed intake (P < 0.05), fatter and shorter carcass (P < 0.001) than LW. L and SM muscles from GM pigs were less exudative (P < 0.05) than LW. L muscle from LW had higher percentages of slow oxidative (SO) (P < 0.001) and fast oxidative glycolytic (FOG) (P < 0.01) fibres but lower percentage of fast glycolytic (FG) fibres (P < 0.001) than that of GM. The results suggest that GRF given in early lactation reduces post-weaning growth of pigs from either breed, but does not affect carcass quality. GM pigs have poorer carcass quality than LW. Key words: Gestating gilts, growth hormone releasing factor, growth, carcass characteristics, meat quality traits, muscle fibre, pig

The effect of breed on calpastatin isoforms and longissimus shear force in pigmeat

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 194-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.L. Sensky ◽  
T. Parr ◽  
R.G. Bardsley ◽  
P.J. Buttery ◽  
C. C. Warkup
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Large White ◽  
Inhibitory Component ◽  
Pig Breeds ◽  
Livestock Species

The calpain enzyme system plays an important role in the proteolytic events leading to the conversion of muscle to meat in livestock species. Increasing evidence suggests that calpastatin, the inhibitory component of the system, correlates negatively with tenderness in beef and pigs (Koohmaraieet al., 1995; Senskyet al., 1998). In this study, the immunoreactivity of calpastatin in three pig breeds with different meat quality traits have been measured.Thirty-six female pigs, comprising equal numbers of Duroc (D), Large White (LW) and Duroc x Large White (50:50 DxLW) breeds were reared under identical conditions at a commercial pig unit and slaughtered at a commercial slaughterhouse on the same day by electrical stunning and severance of the carotid arteries. Carcass weight, backfat thickness, pH45and pHuwere all monitored.

Blood prolactin depression in growing pigs fed sorghum ergot (Claviceps africana)

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 785 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Blaney ◽  
J. S. Kopinski ◽  
M. H. Magee ◽  
R. A. McKenzie ◽  
G. W. Blight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Claviceps Africana ◽  
Full Trial

The toxicity of sorghum ergot (Claviceps africana) was assessed in young pigs over 28 days. Forty-eight pigs of both sexes and 2 breeds (Large White and Duroc) were allocated across 6 grower diets, balanced for fibre and predicted digestible energy, and containing 0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.3, 2.5, or 5% ergot sclerotia [the 5% sclerotia diet contained 70 mg alkaloids/kg (>90% dihydroergosine)]. Blood samples taken on Days 0 and 28 were analysed for prolactin and clinical, biochemical, and haematological indices of health. Feed consumption and liveweight were individually monitored. There were no clinical signs of illness attributable to ergotism in the pigs. Blood prolactin concentrations were significantly depressed in pigs receiving 9 mg alkaloids/kg (0.6% sclerotia) and by >80% in pigs receiving 35 and 70 mg alkaloids/kg, clearly indicating a potential to interfere with lactation in sows. Reductions in feed intake and poor feed conversion were observed over the first 7 days with >9 mg alkaloids/kg, but some tolerance developed later. Feed refusal was more pronounced for pigs of the Duroc breed. Over the full trial period, growth was reduced by about 30% in pigs receiving 70 mg alkaloids/kg, as a result of poor feed intake and feed conversion. Digestible energy of diets containing ergot was later found to be lower than predicted, which contributed to this result.

Age, weight or total feed intake as bases for the performance testing of growing pigs

1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Lodge ◽  
D. Lister ◽  
J. D. Wood ◽  
M. S. Wolynetz
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Gain

ABSTRACTIn an experiment which showed that the results of a genotype comparison are influenced by the design of the test, 16 castrated male and 16 female pigs of each of Large White (LW) and Gloucester Old Spot (GOS) breeds were allocated equally among four treat- ments: WW—rationed by weight and slaughtered by weight; A A—rationed by age and slaughtered by age; AW—rationed by age and slaughtered by weight; and WF—rationed by weight and slaughtered after a common total feed intake. The experiment was designed so that performance of LW would be similar on all treatments, and the degree to which the GOS differed from the LW on each of these treatments was then evaluated. All pigs started on the experiment at 12 weeks of age, at which time mean weight of the LW was 14% greater than the mean for the GOS. The only between- breed difference that was statistically significant (P<0·05) on all treatments was weight of lean. Average daily gain and efficiency of feed conversion were significantly different between breeds only on the WW treatment. Weight of fat was significantly different on WW and AW but not on AA or WF.

A note on meat production from pigs slaughtered after first weaning a litter

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kotarbińska ◽  
J. Kielanowski
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
White Female ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Large White ◽  
Protein Deposition

SUMMARYFourteen Large White female pigs were mated at about 6 months of age and 90 kg live weight. Three of them gave birth to very small litters and were slaughtered a week after parturition at an average live weight of 166 kg. From the other 11 females 6-week-old litters with average an of 8-8 piglets were weaned. Twenty-four days after weaning the mothers, averaging 152 kg live weight, were slaughtered. Performance was compared with that of unmated females slaughtered at 90 or 130 kg live weight. After subtracting the amount of feed used normally for the production of weaned litters from the total feed consumption of the 14 females which farrowed, the feed intake per 1 kg live-weight gain was 3·67 kg, as compared with 3·43 kg and 4·46 kg in the groups slaughtered at 90 or 130 kg live weight, respectively. The average daily protein deposition in the 14 females together with their litters was 119·6 g, compared with 104·1 and 81·4 g in the control groups.

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