scholarly journals Responses of developmental and physiological traits to manipulated incubation conditions in broiler embryos at hypoxic high altitude

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Babacanoğlu
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Breeders ◽  
Incubation Condition ◽  
Hatching Eggs

Abstract. The effects of hypoxia at increased altitude levels on the cardio-respiratory development of broiler embryos are distinct in comparison with those at sea level. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of high incubation temperature (H) and oxygen supplementation (O) during hypoxic high altitude (HA) on developmental and physiological traits of embryos and hatching performance of embryonated hatching eggs in broilers at different embryonic stages. A total of 1280 eggs obtained from broiler breeders laid at sea level were used. Eggshell quality characteristics were measured for 20 eggs. The rest of the 1260 eggs were divided into seven incubation condition (IC) groups (180 eggs per group) including a control group at 37.8 ∘C and 21 % O2; O groups, with daily 1 h 23.5 % O2 supplementation at 37.8 ∘C as O0−11, O12−21, and O18−21; H groups at 38.5 ∘C high incubation temperature at 21 % O2 as H0−11, H12−21, and H18−21 from days 0 to 11, 12 to 21, and 18 to 21 of incubation, respectively. All groups were incubated in three different incubators at hypoxic HA. The effect of IC was determined on eggshell temperature, hatching performance, embryo development, right ventricular (RV) to total ventricular (TV) ratio, and blood parameters. The highest egg water loss and embryonic mortality and the lowest hatchability were in the H0−11 group, which depended on increased eggshell temperature during incubation. On day 18 of incubation, due to the decreased egg water loss in the O12−21 and O18−21 groups, there was an increase in hatchability in fertile eggs similar to the middle and late H groups. Towards the end of incubation, embryo/chick weights were not different and RV and TV weights increased in the treated groups, and the RV ∕ TV ratio changed between 15 and 26 %. At hatching, yolk sac weight increased in H0−11 and H12−21 groups. The O groups had the lowest serum tri-iodothyronine (T3) concentration as distinct from H groups. The serum thyroxine (T4) concentration increased in the treated groups, dependent on sex of the embryo. Blood hemoglobin concentration of O groups decreased relative to other groups. The hematocrit value was the lowest in the O12−21 and highest in the H12−21 groups. The H and O treatments during pre-hatch hypoxic HA condition can be positively evaluated on physiological traits of embryos after half of incubation depended on the timing of the IC exposure to the hatching eggs obtained from broiler breeders at sea level.

Effects of erythrocyte infusion on VO2max at high altitude

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Young ◽  
M. N. Sawka ◽  
S. R. Muza ◽  
R. Boushel ◽  
T. Lyons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Control Group ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This study investigated whether autologous erythrocyte infusion would ameliorate the decrement in maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) experienced by lowlanders when they ascend to high altitude. VO2max was measured in 16 men (treadmill running) at sea level (SL) and on the 1st (HA1) and 9th (HA9) days of high-altitude (4,300 m) residence. After VO2max was measured at SL, subjects were divided into two matched groups (n = 8). Twenty-four hours before ascent to high altitude, the experimental group received a 700-ml infusion of autologous erythrocytes and saline (42% hematocrit), whereas the control group received only saline. The VO2max of erythrocyte-infused [54 +/- 1 (SE) ml.kg-1.min-1] and control subjects (52 +/- 2 ml.kg-1.min-1) did not differ at SL before infusion. The decrement in VO2max on HA1 did not differ between groups, averaging 26% overall, despite higher (P < 0.01) arterial hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and arterial O2 content in the erythrocyte-infused subjects. By HA9, there were no longer any differences in hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, or arterial O2 content between groups. No change in VO2max occurred between HA1 and HA9 for either group. Thus, despite increasing arterial O2-carrying capacity, autologous erythrocyte infusion did not ameliorate the decrement in VO2max at 4,300-m altitude.

The Influence of Altitude on Erythropoietin Resistance Index in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: Data from Tibetan Plateau

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Zong-hui Dang ◽  
Liang-ying Gan ◽  
Ciren Luobu ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Tibet Autonomous Region ◽  
Dialysis Vintage ◽  
Peking University ◽  
The Impact

Background: It is known that hypoxia influences many of the biologic processes involved in erythropoiesis; therefore, the high-altitude hypoxia may affect erythropoietin (EPO) responsiveness in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of altitude on EPO responsiveness in MHD patients. Methods: In this retrospective study, MHD patients from Tibet Autonomous Region People’s Hospital (3,650 m above sea level) and Peking University People’s Hospital (43.5 m above sea level) were recruited between May 2016 and December 2018. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to altitude. Variables including age, sex, dialysis vintage, dialysis modality, duration of EPO use, EPO doses, and laboratory tests were collected and analyzed. EPO responsiveness was measured in terms of the EPO resistance index (ERI). ERI was defined as the weekly weight-adjusted dose of EPO (IU/kg/week) divided by hemoglobin concentration (g/dL). The association between ERI and altitude was estimated using a multivariable linear regression model. Results: Sixty-two patients from Tibet Autonomous Region People’s Hospital (high-altitude [HA] group) and 102 patients from Peking University People’s Hospital (low-altitude [LA] group) were recruited. The ERI for HA group and LA group was 6.9 ± 5.1 IU w−1 kg−1 (g/dL)−1 and 11.5 ± 6.4 IU w−1 kg−1 (g/dL)−1, respectively. After adjusting for covariates by multivariable regression, altitude was independently associated with ERI (R2 = 0.245, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Altitude had an independent negative correlation with ERI. This result supported the hypothesis that altitude-associated hypoxia improved EPO responsiveness in MHD patients.

Exercise-induced VA/Q inequality in subjects with prior high-altitude pulmonary edema

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 922-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Podolsky ◽  
M. W. Eldridge ◽  
R. S. Richardson ◽  
D. R. Knight ◽  
E. C. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary ◽  
High Altitude Pulmonary Edema ◽  
History Of ◽  
Capillary Pressures ◽  
Exercise Induced

Ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) mismatch has been shown to increase during exercise, especially in hypoxia. A possible explanation is subclinical interstitial edema due to high pulmonary capillary pressures. We hypothesized that this may be pathogenetically similar to high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) so that HAPE-susceptible people with higher vascular pressures would develop more exercise-induced VA/Q mismatch. To examine this, seven healthy people with a history of HAPE and nine with similar altitude exposure but no HAPE history (control) were studied at rest and during exercise at 35, 65, and 85% of maximum 1) at sea level and then 2) after 2 days at altitude (3,810 m) breathing both normoxic (inspired Po2 = 148 Torr) and hypoxic (inspired Po2 = 91 Torr) gas at both locations. We measured cardiac output and respiratory and inert gas exchange. In both groups, VA/Q mismatch (assessed by log standard deviation of the perfusion distribution) increased with exercise. At sea level, log standard deviation of the perfusion distribution was slightly higher in the HAPE-susceptible group than in the control group during heavy exercise. At altitude, these differences disappeared. Because a history of HAPE was associated with greater exercise-induced VA/Q mismatch and higher pulmonary capillary pressures, our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that exercise-induced mismatch is due to a temporary extravascular fluid accumulation.

scholarly journals Baseline psychological traits contribute to Lake Louise Acute Mountain Sickness score at high altitude

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin James Talks ◽  
Catherine Campbell ◽  
Stephanie J Larcombe ◽  
Lucy Marlow ◽  
Sarah Louise Finnegan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Acute Mountain Sickness ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Symptom Experience ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
Mountain Sickness

Background: Interoception refers to an individuals ability to sense their internal bodily sensations. Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a common feature of ascent to high altitude that is only partially explained by measures of peripheral physiology. We hypothesised that interoceptive ability may explain the disconnect between measures of physiology and symptom experience in AMS. Methods and Material: Two groups of 18 participants were recruited to complete a respiratory interoceptive task three times at two-week intervals. The control group remained in Birmingham (140m altitude) for all three tests. The altitude group completed test 1 in Birmingham, test 2 the day after arrival at 2624m, and test 3 at 2728m after an 11-day trek at high altitude (up to 4800m). Results: By measuring changes to metacognitive performance, we showed that acute ascent to altitude neither presented an interoceptive challenge, nor acted as interoceptive training. However, AMS symptom burden throughout the trek was found to relate to sea-level measures of anxiety, agoraphobia, and neuroticism. Conclusions: This suggests that the Lake Louise AMS score is not solely a reflection of physiological changes on ascent to high altitude, despite often being used as such by researchers and commercial trekking companies alike.

Hemoglobin at High Altitude as Related to Age

1963 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 710-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
D B Dill ◽  
J W Terman ◽  
F G Hall
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand

Abstract During the summer of 1962 the early phase of acclimatization to high altitude was studied in 6 of those who participated in the international high-altitude expedition to Chile in 1935. Ages of the 6 ranged from 58 to 71. Two also had taken part in a high-altitude study in 1929. In their earlier years these subjects had had an increase in hemoglobin concentration beginning with their arrival at high altitude. This response has been well established, especially by the Pike's Peak party led by Haldane and the work of Hurtado and associates in Peru. On the other hand, 5 of the 6 in the 1962 party exhibited a decrease in hemoglobin concentration during the first few days. The greatest decrease was observed in the oldest subject. His hemoglobin was 88% of his sea level value after 9 days at altitude and remained below his sea level value for another week. No observations were made on blood volume; hence, we can only speculate regarding possible related changes.

Acclimatization to high altitude increase muscle sympathetic activity both at rest and during exercise

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (1) ◽  
pp. R201-R207 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Mazzeo ◽  
G. A. Brooks ◽  
G. E. Butterfield ◽  
D. A. Podolin ◽  
E. E. Wolfel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beta Blockade ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Altitude Exposure ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure

This investigation examined the relationship between alterations in plasma norepinephrine associated with 21 days of high-altitude exposure and muscle sympathetic activity both at rest and during exercise. Healthy sea level residents, divided into a control group (n = 5) receiving a placebo or a drug group (n = 6) receiving 240 mg/day of propranolol, were studied while at sea level, upon arrival (acute), and after 21 days of residence (chronic) at 4,300 m. Arterial norepinephrine levels and net leg uptake and release of norepinephrine were determine both at rest and during 45 min of submaximal exercise via samples collected from femoral arterial and venous catheters. Arterial norepinephrine levels increased significantly after chronic altitude exposure both at rest (84%) and during exercise (174%) compared with sea level and acute values. A net uptake of norepinephrine was found in resting legs at sea level (0.28 +/- 0.05 nmol/min) and with acute exposure (0.07 +/- 0.06 nmol/min); however, a significant switch to net leg norepinephrine release was observed with chronic altitude exposure (0.51 +/- 0.11 nmol/min). With exercise, a net release of norepinephrine by the leg occurred across all conditions with chronic exposure, again eliciting the greatest values (5.3 +/- 0.6, 8.0 +/- 1.7, and 14.4 +/- 3.1 nmol/min for sea level, acute, and chronic exposure, respectively). It was concluded that muscle sympathetic activity is significantly elevated both at rest and during submaximal exercise as a result of chronic high-altitude exposure, and muscle is a major contributor to the increase in plasma norepinephrine levels associated with prolonged altitude exposure. The presence of dense beta-blockade did not alter this adaptation to altitude.

Beta-adrenergic blockade does not prevent the lactate response to exercise after acclimatization to high altitude

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 610-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Mazzeo ◽  
G. A. Brooks ◽  
G. E. Butterfield ◽  
A. Cymerman ◽  
A. C. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Arterial O2 Saturation ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Peak Blood

We examined the extent to which epinephrine influences blood lactate adjustments to exercise during both acute (AC) and chronic (CH) high-altitude exposure. Eleven male sea level residents were divided into a control group (n = 5) receiving a placebo or a drug group (n = 6) receiving 240 mg/day of propranolol. All subjects were studied at rest and during 45 min of submaximal exercise (approximately 50% of sea level maximal O2 uptake) at sea level (SL) and within 4 h of exposure to and after 3 wk residence at 4,300 m (summit of Pikes Peak). Blood samples were collected from the femoral artery for epinephrine and lactate concentration. Exercising blood lactate concentration was significantly different across all altitude conditions such that AC > CH > SL (P < 0.05). For a given arterial O2 saturation, mean exercising blood lactates were lower for the beta-blocked group compared with controls; however, both groups demonstrated similar patterns across all conditions. Epinephrine levels during exercise followed a similar pattern to that of lactate, averaging 0.67, 0.43, and 0.29 ng/ml for AC, CH, and SL, respectively. The correlation between lactate and epinephrine was 0.93 and 0.84 for control and beta-blocked subjects, respectively. Whereas during exercise epinephrine was consistently higher for the beta-blocked group than controls, this difference was only significant during CH exposure. The epinephrine response was related to the extent of hypoxia in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Internal carotid and vertebral arterial flow velocity in men at high altitude

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Huang ◽  
L. G. Moore ◽  
R. E. McCullough ◽  
R. G. McCullough ◽  
A. J. Micco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
O2 Transport ◽  
Flow Velocities

Cerebral blood flow increases at high altitude, but the mechanism of the increase and its role in adaptation to high altitude are unclear. We hypothesized that the hypoxemia at high altitude would increase cerebral blood flow, which would in turn defend O2 delivery to the brain. Noninvasive Doppler ultrasound was used to measure the flow velocities in the internal carotid and the vertebral arteries in six healthy male subjects. Within 2–4 h of arrival on Pikes Peak (4,300 m), velocities in both arteries were slightly and not significantly increased above sea-level values. By 18–44 h a peak increase of 20% was observed (combined P less than 0.025). Subsequently (days 4–12) velocities declined to values similar to those at sea level. At altitude the lowest arterial O2 saturation (SaO2) and the highest end-tidal PCO2 was observed on arrival. By day 4 and thereafter, when the flow velocities had returned toward sea-level values, hemoglobin concentration and SaO2 were increased over initial high-altitude values such that calculated O2 transport values were even higher than those at sea level. Although the cause of the failure for cerebral flow velocity to increase on arrival is not understood, the subsequent increase may act to defend brain O2 transport. With further increase in hemoglobin and SaO2 over time at high altitude, flow velocity returned to sea-level values.

Changes in Myoglobin Content of the High Altitude Acclimatized Rat

1956 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burton E. Vaughan ◽  
Nello Pace
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Altitude Exposure ◽  
Cell Plasma ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Cellular Oxidation ◽  
Total Body

A method is described for the assay of myoglobin in all myoglobin containing tissues of the rat, in particular the heart and diaphragm. Total body myoglobin increased 70% above sea level values, both in animals taken from sea level to 12,500 feet and in animals born and reared at 12,500 feet. In comparison with the muscle hemoglobin concentration increase of 50%, the blood hemoglobin concentration increased only 25% above sea level values. Whole body content of myoglobin was determined directly, and this amounted to 17.3 mg/100 gm of body weight, or to 42.3 mg/100 gm of wet muscle. Partition of the body myoglobin among seven muscle groups was ascertained. Heart, diaphragm and the two masseters contain only about 10% of the total myoglobin. Evaluation was made of the factors that have been suggested to explain the disparity in the originally reported myoglobin increases at high altitude of Hurtado et al. and more recent work. It is clear that failure to obtain the increase in the rat is attributable to the use of intermittent rather than continuous high altitude exposure. Evidence for full acclimatization in the animals here used was adduced. The suggestion is made that myoglobin maintains an optimal oxygen gradient between the cell plasma membrane and the mitochondria, and in so doing is involved in dynamic relation to cellular oxidation.

Effects of chronic hypoxia and exercise on plasma erythropoietin in high-altitude residents

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 1874-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Schmidt ◽  
H. Spielvogel ◽  
K. U. Eckardt ◽  
A. Quintela ◽  
R. Penaloza
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
High Altitude Natives ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Arterial Po2 ◽  
Level Group

The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of chronic inspiratory hypoxia and its combination with physical exercise on plasma erythropoietin concentration ([EPO]). Eight natives from the Bolivian Plateau were investigated at 3,600 m above sea level at rest as well as during and up to 48 h after exhaustive exercise (EE) and 60 min of submaximal (60%) cycle ergometer exercise (SE). Ten sea-level subjects were used as a control group for resting values. The mean resting plasma [EPO] of the high-altitude group (19.5 +/- 0.7 mU/ml) did not differ from that of the sea-level group (18.1 +/- 0.4 mU/ml) but was higher than would be expected from the relationship between [EPO] and hematocrit at sea level. Five hours after both types of exercise, [EPO] decreased by 2.1 +/- 0.8 (EE, P < 0.01) and 1.6 +/- 0.8 mU/ml (SE, P < 0.05); 48 h after SE, [EPO] increased by 2.6 +/- 0.9 mU/ml (P < 0.05). It is concluded that 1) high-altitude natives need relatively high [EPO] to maintain their high hematocrit and 2) exercise at low basal arterial PO2 does not directly increase plasma [EPO] in high-altitude residents but seems to exert suppressive effects.

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