scholarly journals Observation of atmospheric aerosols at Mt. Hua and Mt. Tai in central and east China during spring 2009 – Part 1: EC, OC and inorganic ions

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4221-4235 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wang ◽  
J. Li ◽  
C. Cheng ◽  
S. Hu ◽  
M. Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
East China ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Coarse Mode ◽  
Dust Storm Event

Abstract. PM10 and size-segregated samples were simultaneously collected at Mt. Hua (2060 m a.s.l.) and Mt. Tai (1545 m a.s.l.) in central and east coastal China during spring, 2009 including an intensive dust storm event occurring on 24 April, and determined for EC, OC and inorganic ions. During the non-dust storm period particles, EC, OC and ions except for SO42− were 2–10 times more abundant at Mt. Tai than at Mt. Hua. SO42− (13 ± 7.1 μg m−3) at Mt. Hua was the dominant ion, followed by NO3− (5.0 ± 3.9 μg m−3), NH4+ (2.5 ± 1.3 μg m−3) and Ca2+ (1.6 ± 0.8 μg m−3). In contrast, at Mt. Tai NO3− was most abundant (20 ± 14 μg m−3), followed by SO42− (16 ± 13 μg m−3), NH4+ (12 ± 8.9 μg m−3) and Ca2+ (3.9 ± 2.1 μg m−3). The fact of NO3− exceeding over SO42− at Mt. Tai may suggest the changes in chemical composition of the atmosphere over east China due to sharply increasing vehicle emission. pH values of the water-extracts of PM10 samples indicate that at the two mountain sites aerosols transported from the south regions are more acidic than those from the north and more acidic at Mt. Tai than at Mt. Hua during the non-dust storm period. During the dust storm event particle mass, OC, Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ at both sites increased by a factor of 1–9, while EC, NO3− and NH4+ decreased by 20–80 %. However, SO42− concentrations (13 ± 7.7 μg m−3 at Mt. Hua and 15 ± 5.6 μg m−3 at Mt. Tai, respectively) at the two sites during the episode were comparable and did not change significantly compared to those in the non-dust storm period, probably due to a similar level of free tropospheric SO2 in central and east China. Compared with those at Mt. Hua the coarse modes (>2.1 μm) of K+ and SO42− at Mt. Tai during the non-event period were more abundant and the coarse mode of NO3− was less abundant. When the dust storm was present all ions significantly moved toward coarse particles, except for NH4+, with a disappeared peak in fine mode (<2.1 μm) for NO3−. Linear regression for ion equivalents in fine particles indicates that ammonium exists in the forms of NH4NO3 and NH4HSO4 at Mt. Hua and NH4NO3 and (NH4)2SO4 at Mt. Tai during both the nonevent and the event periods. While the regression for coarse mode of Ca2+ suggests a close coupling of dust with nitrate during the nonevent time and with sulfate during the dust-storm period. pH values of the size-resolved samples further suggest that during the nonevent period most acidic particles at Mt. Hua are in the range of 0.7–1.1 μm, while those at Mt. Tai are in the range of 1.1–2.1 μm. Aerosols at both sites became alkaline during the event, but the Mt. Tai particles still showed a lower pH value.

scholarly journals Observation of atmospheric aerosols at Mt. Hua and Mt. Tai in central and east China during spring 2009 – Part 1: EC, OC and inorganic ions

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2611-2653 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wang ◽  
J. Li ◽  
C. Chen ◽  
S. Hu ◽  
M. Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dust Storm ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
East China ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Coarse Mode ◽  
Dust Storm Event

Abstract. PM10 samples were simultaneously collected at Mt. Hua (2060 m a.s.l.) and Mt. Tai (1545 m a.s.l.) in central and east coastal China during spring, 2009 including an intensive dust storm event occurring on 24 April, and determined for EC, OC and inorganic ions. During the non-dust storm period particles, EC, OC and major ions except for SO42− were 2–10 times more abundant at Mt. Tai than at Mt. Hua. SO42− (13 ± 7.1 μg m−3) at Mt. Hua was the dominant ion, followed by NO3− (5.0 ± 3.9 μg m−3), NH4+ (2.5 ± 1.3 μg m−3) and Ca2+ (1.6 ± 0.8 μg m−3). In contrast, at Mt. Tai NO3− was most abundant (20 ± 14 μg m−3), followed by SO42− (16 ± 13 μg m−3), NH4+ (12 ± 8.9 μg m−3) and Ca2+ (3.9 ± 2.1 μg m−3). The fact of NO3− exceeding over SO42− suggests a significant change in chemical composition of the atmosphere over east China due to sharply increasing vehicle emission. pH values of the water-extracts of PM10 samples indicate that at the two mountain sites aerosols transported from the south regions are more acidic than those from the north and more acidic at Mt. Tai than at Mt. Hua during the non-dust storm period. During the dust storm event particle mass, OC, Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ at both sites increased by a factor of 1–9, while EC, NO3− and NH4+ decreased by 20–80%. However, SO42− concentrations (13 ± 7.7 μg m−3 at Mt. Hua and 15 ± 5.6 μg m−3 at Mt. Tai, respectively) at the two sites during the episode were comparable and did not change significantly compared to those in the non-dust storm period, probably due to a similar level of free tropospheric SO2 in central and east China. Compared with those at Mt. Hua the coarse modes of K+ and SO42− at Mt. Tai during the non-event period were more abundant and the coarse mode of NO3− was less abundant. When the dust storm was present all ions significantly moved toward coarse particles, except for NH4+, with a disappeared peak in fine mode for NO3−. Linear regression for ion equivalents in fine particles indicates that ammonium exists in the forms of NH4NO3 and NH4HSO4 at Mt. Hua and NH4NO3 and (NH4) 2SO4 at Mt. Tai during both the nonevent and the event periods. While the regression for coarse mode of Ca2+ suggests a close coupling of dust with nitrate during the nonevent time and with sulfate during the dust-storm period. pH values of the size-resolved samples further suggest that during the nonevent period most acidic particles at Mt. Hua are in the range of 0.7–1.1 μm, while those at Mt. Tai are in the range of 1.1–2.1 μm. Aerosols at both sites became alkaline during the event, but the Mt. Tai particles still showed a lower pH value.

scholarly journals Dust Transport from Inland Australia and Its Impact on Air Quality and Health on the Eastern Coast of Australia during the February 2019 Dust Storm

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Emilie Aragnou ◽  
Sean Watt ◽  
Hiep Nguyen Duc ◽  
Cassandra Cheeseman ◽  
Matthew Riley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The State ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Dust Storm Event

Dust storms originating from Central Australia and western New South Wales frequently cause high particle concentrations at many sites across New South Wales, both inland and along the coast. This study focussed on a dust storm event in February 2019 which affected air quality across the state as detected at many ambient monitoring stations in the Department of Planning, Industry and Environment (DPIE) air quality monitoring network. The WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecast Model—Chemistry) model is used to study the formation, dispersion and transport of dust across the state of New South Wales (NSW, Australia). Wildfires also happened in northern NSW at the same time of the dust storm in February 2019, and their emissions are taken into account in the WRF-Chem model by using Fire Inventory from NCAR (FINN) as emission input. The model performance is evaluated and is shown to predict fairly accurate the PM2.5 and PM10 concentration as compared to observation. The predicted PM2.5 concentration over New South Wales during 5 days from 11 to 15 February 2019 is then used to estimate the impact of the February 2019 dust storm event on three health endpoints, namely mortality, respiratory and cardiac disease hospitalisation rates. The results show that even though as the daily average of PM2.5 over some parts of the state, especially in western and north western NSW near the centre of the dust storm and wild fires, are very high (over 900 µg/m3), the population exposure is low due to the sparse population. Generally, the health impact is similar in order of magnitude to that caused by biomass burning events from wildfires or from hazardous reduction burnings (HRBs) near populous centres such as in Sydney in May 2016. One notable difference is the higher respiratory disease hospitalisation for this dust event (161) compared to the fire event (24).

scholarly journals Measurements and modelling of particulate matter building ingress during a severe dust storm event

2020 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 106441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos D. Argyropoulos ◽  
Hala Hassan ◽  
Prashant Kumar ◽  
Konstantinos E. Kakosimos
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Dust Storm Event ◽  
Severe Dust Storm

A Case Study of a Typical Dust Storm Event over the Loess Plateau of Northwest China

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 344-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Xiao-Lu ◽  
Guo Wei-Dong ◽  
Zhao Qian-Fei ◽  
Zhang Bei-Dou
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Dust Storm Event

scholarly journals Effect of ecological restoration programs on dust pollution in North China Plain: a case study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Long ◽  
Xuexi Tie ◽  
Guohui Li ◽  
Junji Cao ◽  
Tian Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Air Pollutions ◽  
Dust Storm Event

Abstract. In recent years, Chinese government has taken great efforts in initiating large-scale ecological restoration programs (ERPs) to reduce the dust pollutions in China. Using a satellite measurement product of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the changes in land cover are quantitatively evaluated in this study. We find that grass and forest are increased in berried lands and deserts in northwestern China, which locate in the upwind regions of the populated areas of the North China Plain (NCP) in eastern China. As a result, the changes in land cover could produce important impacts on the dust pollutions in eastern of China. To assess the effect of ERPs on dust pollutions, a regional transport/dust model (WRF-DUST, Weather Research and Forecast model with dust) is applied to investigate the evolution of dust pollutions during a strong dust episode (from 2 to 8 March 2016). The calculations are intensively evaluated by comparing with the measured data. Despite some model biases, the WRF-DUST model reasonably reproduced the temporal variations and spatial distributions during the dust storm event. The correlation coefficient (R) between the calculated and measured dust concentrations is 0.77. The indices of agreement (IOAs) are 0.96 and 0.83, and the normalized mean bias (NMBs) are 2 % and −15 % in the dust source region (DSR) and the downwind populated area of NCP, respectively, suggesting that the WRF-DUST model well captures the spatial variations and temporal evolutions of the dust storm event. The impacts of EPRs induced land cover changes on the dust pollutions in NCP are quantitatively assessed using the WRF-DUST model. We find that the ERPs significantly reduce the dust pollutions in NCP, especially in the heart area of NCP (BTH, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei). During the episode when the dust storm was transported from the DSR to NCP, the reduction of dust pollutions induced by ERPs ranges from −5 % to −15 % in NCP, with the maximum reduction of −15.3 % (−21.0 μg m−3) in BTH, and −6.2 % (−9.3 μg m−3) in NCP. Because the air pollution is severe in eastern China, especially in NCP, the reduction of dust pollutions has important effects on the severe air pollutions. This study shows that ERPs help to reduce air pollutions in the region, especially in springtime, suggesting the important contributions of ERPs to the air pollution control in China.

Coastal Mediterranean plankton stimulation dynamics through a dust storm event: An experimental simulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estela Romero ◽  
Francesc Peters ◽  
Cèlia Marrasé ◽  
Òscar Guadayol ◽  
Josep M. Gasol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dust Storm ◽  
Experimental Simulation ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Dust Storm Event

scholarly journals Dust Storm Event of February 2019 in Central and East Coast of Australia and Evidence of Long-Range Transport to New Zealand and Antarctica

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 653
Author(s):  
Hiep Duc Nguyen ◽  
Matt Riley ◽  
John Leys ◽  
David Salter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
The South ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Dust Storm Event ◽  
Central Australia

Between 11 and 15 February 2019, a dust storm originating in Central Australia with persistent westerly and south westerly winds caused high particle concentrations at many sites in the state of New South Wales (NSW); both inland and along the coast. The dust continued to be transported to New Zealand and to Antarctica in the south east. This study uses observed data and the WRF-Chem Weather Research Forecast model based on GOCART-AFWA (Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport–Air Force and Weather Agency) dust scheme and GOCART aerosol and gas-phase MOZART (Model for Ozone And Related chemical Tracers) chemistry model to study the long-range transport of aerosols for the period 11 to 15 February 2019 across eastern Australia and onto New Zealand and Antarctica. Wildfires also happened in northern NSW at the same time, and their emissions are taken into account in the WRF-Chem model by using the Fire Inventory from NCAR (FINN) as the emission input. Modelling results using the WRF-Chem model show that for the Canterbury region of the South Island of New Zealand, peak concentration of PM10 (and PM2.5) as measured on 14 February 2019 at 05:00 UTC at the monitoring stations of Geraldine, Ashburton, Timaru and Woolston (Christchurch), and about 2 h later at Rangiora and Kaiapoi, correspond to the prediction of high PM10 due to the intrusion of dust to ground level from the transported dust layer above. The Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) observation data from MODIS 3 km Terra/Aqua and CALIOP LiDAR measurements on board CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol LiDAR and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) satellite also indicate that high-altitude dust ranging from 2 km to 6 km, originating from this dust storm event in Australia, was located above Antarctica. This study suggests that the present dust storms in Australia can transport dust from sources in Central Australia to the Tasman sea, New Zealand and Antarctica.

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