scholarly journals Global carbon monoxide products from combined AIRS, TES and MLS measurements on A-train satellites

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. X. Warner ◽  
R. Yang ◽  
Z. Wei ◽  
F. Carminati ◽  
A. Tangborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Data Fusion ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Spatial Coverage

Abstract. This study tests a novel methodology to add value to satellite data sets. This methodology, data fusion, is similar to data assimilation, except that the background model-based field is replaced by a satellite data set, in this case AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder) carbon monoxide (CO) measurements. The observational information comes from CO measurements with lower spatial coverage than AIRS, namely, from TES (Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer) and MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder). We show that combining these data sets with data fusion uses the higher spectral resolution of TES to extend AIRS CO observational sensitivity to the lower troposphere, a region especially important for air quality studies. We also show that combined CO measurements from AIRS and MLS provide enhanced information in the UTLS (upper troposphere/lower stratosphere) region compared to each product individually. The combined AIRS–TES and AIRS–MLS CO products are validated against DACOM (differential absorption mid-IR diode laser spectrometer) in situ CO measurements from the INTEX-B (Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment: MILAGRO and Pacific phases) field campaign and in situ data from HIPPO (HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations) flights. The data fusion results show improved sensitivities in the lower and upper troposphere (20–30% and above 20%, respectively) as compared with AIRS-only version 5 CO retrievals, and improved daily coverage compared with TES and MLS CO data.

scholarly journals Global carbon monoxide products from combined AIRS, TES and MLS measurements on A-train satellites

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 15409-15441
Author(s):  
J. X. Warner ◽  
R. Yang ◽  
Z. Wei ◽  
F. Carminati ◽  
A. Tangborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Data Fusion ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Atmospheric Infrared Sounder ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Diode Laser Spectrometer ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Transport Experiment

Abstract. This study tests a novel methodology to add value to satellite datasets. This methodology, data fusion, is similar to data assimilation, except that the background model-based field is replaced by a satellite dataset, in this case AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder) carbon monoxide (CO) measurements. The observational information comes from CO measurements with lower spatial coverage than AIRS, namely, from TES (Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer) and MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder). We show that combining these datasets with data fusion uses the higher spectral resolution of TES to extend AIRS CO observational sensitivity to the lower troposphere, a region especially important for air quality studies. We also show that combined CO measurements from AIRS and MLS provide enhanced information in the UTLS (upper troposphere/lower stratosphere) region compared to each product individually. The combined AIRS/TES and AIRS/MLS CO products are validated against DACOM (differential absorption mid-IR diode laser spectrometer) in situ CO measurements from the INTEX-B (Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment: MILAGRO and Pacific phases) field campaign and in situ data from HIPPO (HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations) flights. The data fusion results show improved sensitivities in the lower and upper troposphere (20–30% and above 20%, respectively) as compared with AIRS-only retrievals, and improved coverage compared with TES and MLS CO data.

scholarly journals Comparisons of Satellite and Modeled Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll Concentrations in the Baltic Sea with In Situ Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3049
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Stramska ◽  
Marta Konik ◽  
Paulina Aniskiewicz ◽  
Jaromir Jakacki ◽  
Miroslaw Darecki
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Data Set ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Good Agreement

Among the most frequently used satellite data are surface chlorophyll concentration (Chl) and temperature (SST). These data can be degraded in some coastal areas, for example, in the Baltic Sea. Other popular sources of data are reanalysis models. Before satellite or model data can be used effectively, they should be extensively compared with in situ measurements. Herein, we present results of such comparisons. We used SST and Chl from model reanalysis and satellites, and in situ data measured at eight open Baltic Sea stations. The data cover time interval from 1 January 1998 to 31 December 2019, but some satellite data were not always available. Both the model and the satellite SST data had good agreement with in situ measurements. In contrast, satellite and model estimates of Chl concentrations presented large errors. Modeled Chl presented the lowest bias and the best correlation with in situ data from all Chl data sets evaluated. Chl estimates from a regionally tuned algorithm (SatBaltic) had smaller errors in comparison with other satellite data sets and good agreement with in situ data in summer. Statistics were not as good for the full data set. High uncertainties found in chlorophyll satellite algorithms for the Baltic Sea highlight the importance of continuous regional validation of such algorithms with in situ data.

scholarly journals Two years of Ozone radio soundings over Cotonou as part of AMMA: overview

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 11221-11268 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Thouret ◽  
M. Saunois ◽  
A. Minga ◽  
A. Mariscal ◽  
B. Sauvage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Data Set ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Multidisciplinary Analysis ◽  
First Time

Abstract. As part of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) program, a total of 98 ozone vertical profiles over Cotonou, Benin, have been measured during a 26 month period (December 2004–January 2007). These regular measurements broadly document the seasonal and inter annual variability of ozone in both the troposphere and the lower stratosphere over West Africa for the first time. This data set is complementary to the MOZAIC observations made from Lagos between 0 and 12 km during the period 1998–2004. Both data sets highlight the unique way in which West Africa is impacted by two biomass burning seasons: in December–February (dry season) due to burning in the Sahelian band and in June–August (wet season) due to burning in southern Africa. High inter annual variabilities between Cotonou and Lagos data sets and within each data set are observed and are found to be a major characteristic of this region. In particular, the dry and wet seasons are discussed in order to set the data of the Special Observing Periods (SOPs) into a climatological context. Compared to other dry and wet seasons, the dry and wet season campaigns took place in rather high ozoneenvironments. During the sampled wet seasons, southern intrusions of biomass burning were particularly frequent with concentrations up to 120 ppbv of ozone in the lower troposphere. An insight into the ozone distribution in the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere (up to 26 km) is given. The first tropospheric columns of ozone based on in-situ data in this region are assessed. They compare well with satellite products on seasonal and inter annual time-scales, provided that the layer below 850 Pa where the remote instrument is less sensitive to ozone, is removed.

scholarly journals An overview of two years of ozone radio soundings over Cotonou as part of AMMA

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 6157-6174 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Thouret ◽  
M. Saunois ◽  
A. Minga ◽  
A. Mariscal ◽  
B. Sauvage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Data Set ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Multidisciplinary Analysis ◽  
First Time

Abstract. As part of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) program, a total of 98 ozone vertical profiles over Cotonou, Benin, have been measured during a 26 month period (December 2004–January 2007). These regular measurements broadly document the seasonal and interannual variability of ozone in both the troposphere and the lower stratosphere over West Africa for the first time. This data set is complementary to the MOZAIC observations made from Lagos between 0 and 12 km during the period 1998–2004. Both data sets highlight the unique way in which West Africa is impacted by two biomass burning seasons: in December–February (dry season) due to burning in the Sahelian band and in June-August (wet season) due to burning in southern Africa. High interannual variabilities between Cotonou and Lagos data sets and within each data set are observed and are found to be a major characteristic of this region. In particular, the dry and wet seasons are discussed in order to set the data of the Special Observing Periods (SOPs) into a climatological context. Compared to other dry and wet seasons, the 2006 dry and wet season campaigns took place in rather high ozone environments. During the sampled wet seasons, southern intrusions of biomass burning were particularly frequent with concentrations up to 120 ppbv of ozone in the lower troposphere. An insight into the ozone distribution in the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere (up to 26 km) is given. The first tropospheric columns of ozone based on in-situ data over West Africa are assessed. They compare well with satellite products on seasonal and interannual time-scales, provided that the layer below 850 hPa where the remote instrument is less sensitive to ozone, is removed.

scholarly journals A Completeness and Complementarity Analysis of the Data Sources in the NOAA In Situ Sea Surface Temperature Quality Monitor (iQuam) System

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3741
Author(s):  
Haifeng Zhang ◽  
Alexander Ignatov
Keyword(s):  
Sea Surface ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Satellite Sst ◽  
Complementarity Analysis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Marine Environment Monitoring ◽  
Drifting Buoys

In situ sea surface temperatures (SST) are the key component of the calibration and validation (Cal/Val) of satellite SST retrievals and data assimilation (DA). The NOAA in situ SST Quality Monitor (iQuam) aims to collect, from various sources, all available in situ SST data, and integrate them into a maximally complete, uniform, and accurate dataset to support these applications. For each in situ data type, iQuam strives to ingest data from several independent sources, to ensure most complete coverage, at the cost of some redundancy in data feeds. The relative completeness of various inputs and their consistency and mutual complementarity are often unknown and are the focus of this study. For four platform types customarily employed in satellite Cal/Val and DA (drifting buoys, tropical moorings, ships, and Argo floats), five widely known data sets are analyzed: (1) International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS), (2) Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC), (3) Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), (4) Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS), and (5) Argo Global Data Assembly Centers (GDACs). Each data set reports SSTs from one or more platform types. It is found that drifting buoys are more fully represented in FNMOC and CMEMS. Ships are reported in FNMOC and ICOADS, which are best used in conjunction with each other, but not in CMEMS. Tropical moorings are well represented in ICOADS, FNMOC, and CMEMS. Some CMEMS mooring reports are sampled every 10 min (compared to the standard 1 h sampling in all other datasets). The CMEMS Argo profiling data set is, as expected, nearly identical with those from the two Argo GDACs.

scholarly journals Optimal estimation of tropospheric H<sub>2</sub>O and δD with IASI/METOP

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 11207-11220 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schneider ◽  
F. Hase
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Optimal Estimation ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Systematic Uncertainties ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. We present optimal estimates of tropospheric H2O and δD derived from radiances measured by the instrument IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) flown on EUMETSAT's polar orbiter METOP. We document that the IASI spectra allow for retrieving H2O profiles between the surface and the upper troposphere as well as middle tropospheric δD values. A theoretical error estimation suggests a precision for H2O of better than 35% in the lower troposphere and of better than 15% in the middle and upper troposphere, respectively, whereby surface emissivity and atmospheric temperature uncertainties are the leading error sources. For the middle tropospheric δD values we estimate a precision of 15–20‰ with the measurement noise being the dominating error source. The accuracy of the IASI products is estimated to about 20–10% and 10‰ for lower to upper tropospheric H2O and middle tropospheric δD, respectively. It is limited by systematic uncertainties in the applied spectroscopic parameters and the a priori atmospheric temperature profiles. We compare our IASI products to a large number of near coincident radiosonde in-situ and ground-based FTS (Fourier Transform Spectrometer) remote sensing measurements. The bias and the scatter between the different H2O and δD data sets are consistent with the combined theoretical uncertainties of the involved measurement techniques.

scholarly journals Characterising tropospheric O<sub>3</sub> and CO around Frankfurt over the period 1994–2012 based on MOZAIC–IAGOS aircraft measurements

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 15147-15163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervé Petetin ◽  
Valérie Thouret ◽  
Alain Fontaine ◽  
Bastien Sauvage ◽  
Giles Athier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Vertical Profile ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Sharp Maximum ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Annual Scale

Abstract. In the framework of the MOZAIC–IAGOS programme, vertical profiles of ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO) have been available since 1994 and 2002, respectively. This study investigates the variability and trend of both species in three tropospheric layers above the German airports Frankfurt and Munich. About 21 300 flights have taken place over the period 1994–2012, which represents the worldwide densest vertical in situ data set of O3 and CO (with  ∼  96 flights per month on average). The mean vertical profile of ozone shows a strong gradient in the first kilometre during the whole year and in the tropopause region in spring and summer. The mean vertical profile of CO is characterised by high mixing ratios at the ground, a strong decrease in the first kilometre, in particular in winter and autumn, and a moderate one in the free troposphere. O3 minimises in November–December and shows a broad spring/summer maximum in the lower and mid-troposphere and a sharp maximum in summer in the upper troposphere. The seasonal variation of CO shows a broad minimum in July–October close to the surface and in September–October it occurs higher in the troposphere, while the maximum occurs in February–April in the whole troposphere. Over the period 1994–2012, O3 has changed insignificantly (at a 95 % confidence level), except in winter where a slightly significant increase (from +0.83 [+0.13;+1.67] % yr−1 in the LT to +0.62 [+0.02;+1.22] % yr−1 in the UT, relative to the reference year 2000) is found. The O3 5th percentile shows similar upward trends at the annual scale in all three tropospheric layers. All trends remain insignificant for the O3 95th percentile. In contrast, for CO the mean as well as its 5th and 95th percentiles decrease both at the annual scale and at the seasonal scale in winter, spring and summer (although not always in all three tropospheric layers) with trends ranging between −1.22 [−2.27;−0.47] and −2.63 [−4.54;−1.42] % yr−1, relative to the reference year 2004. However, all CO trends remain insignificant in autumn. The phase of the seasonal variation of O3 was found to change in the troposphere. The O3 maxima moves forward in time at a rate of −17.8 ± 11.5 days decade−1 in the lower troposphere, in general agreement with previous studies. Interestingly, this seasonal shift is shown to persist in the mid-troposphere (−7.8 ± 4.2 days decade−1) but turns insignificant in the upper troposphere.

scholarly journals Comprehensive In Situ Validation of Five Satellite Land Surface Temperature Data Sets over Multiple Stations and Years

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Martin ◽  
Darren Ghent ◽  
Ana Pires ◽  
Frank-Michael Göttsche ◽  
Jan Cermak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
In Situ Data

Global land surface temperature (LST) data derived from satellite-based infrared radiance measurements are highly valuable for various applications in climate research. While in situ validation of satellite LST data sets is a challenging task, it is needed to obtain quantitative information on their accuracy. In the standardised approach to multi-sensor validation presented here for the first time, LST data sets obtained with state-of-the-art retrieval algorithms from several sensors (AATSR, GOES, MODIS, and SEVIRI) are matched spatially and temporally with multiple years of in situ data from globally distributed stations representing various land cover types in a consistent manner. Commonality of treatment is essential for the approach: all satellite data sets are projected to the same spatial grid, and transformed into a common harmonized format, thereby allowing comparison with in situ data to be undertaken with the same methodology and data processing. The large data base of standardised satellite LST provided by the European Space Agency’s GlobTemperature project makes previously difficult to perform LST studies and applications more feasible and easier to implement. The satellite data sets are validated over either three or ten years, depending on data availability. Average accuracies over the whole time span are generally within ±2.0 K during night, and within ± 4.0 K during day. Time series analyses over individual stations reveal seasonal cycles. They stem, depending on the station, from surface anisotropy, topography, or heterogeneous land cover. The results demonstrate the maturity of the LST products, but also highlight the need to carefully consider their temporal and spatial properties when using them for scientific purposes.

scholarly journals Optimal estimation of tropospheric H<sub>2</sub>O and δD with IASI/METOP

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 16107-16146 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schneider ◽  
F. Hase
Keyword(s):  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Optimal Estimation ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Error Sources ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
Atmospheric Sounding ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. We present an optimal estimation retrieval for tropospheric H2O and δD applying thermal nadir spectra measured by the instrument IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) flown on EUMETSAT's polar orbiter METOP. We document that the IASI spectra allow for retrieving H2O profiles between the surface and the upper troposphere as well as middle tropospheric δD values. A theoretical error estimation suggests a precision for H2O of better than 35 % in the lower troposphere and of better than 15 % in the middle and upper troposphere, respectively, whereby surface emissivity and atmospheric temperature uncertainties are the leading error sources. For the middle tropospheric δD values we estimate a precision of 15–20‰, with the measurement noise being the dominating error source. We compare our IASI products to a large number of quasi coincident radiosonde in-situ and ground-based FTS (Fourier Transform Spectrometer) remote sensing measurements and find no significant bias between the H2O and δD data obtained by the different techniques. Furthermore, the scatter between the different data sets confirms our theoretical precision estimates.

scholarly journals Tropical temperature altitude amplification in the hiatus period (1998-2012)

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 371-379
Author(s):  
Vladan Ducic ◽  
Bosko Milovanovic ◽  
Gorica Stanojevic ◽  
Milan Milenkovic ◽  
Nina Curcic
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Negative Trend ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Middle Troposphere ◽  
Global Circulation ◽  
Global Circulation Models

In the period 1998-2012 there was a stagnation in temperature rise, despite the GHGs radiation forcing is increased (hiatus period). According to Global Circulation Models simulations, expected response on the rise of GHGs forcing is tropical temperature altitude amplification - temperature increases faster in higher troposphere than in lower troposphere. In this paper, two satellite data sets, UAH MSU and RSS, were used to test altitude temperature amplification in tropic (20?N-20?S) in the hiatus period. We compared data from satellite data sets from lower troposphere (TLT) and middle troposphere (TMT) in general and particularly for land and ocean (for UAH MSU). The results from both satellite measurements showed the presence of hiatus, i.e. slowdown of the temperature rise in the period 1998-2012 compared to period 1979-2012 (UAH MSU) and temperature fall for RSS data. Smaller increase, i.e. temperature fall over ocean showed that hiatus is an ocean phenomenon above all. Data for UAH MSU showed that temperature altitude amplification in tropic was not present either for period 1979-2012, or 1998-2012. RSS data set also do not show temperature altitude amplification either for longer (1979-2012), or for shorter period (1998-2012). RSS data for successive 15-year periods from 1979-1993 till 1998-2012 does not show tropical temperature altitude amplification and in one case negative trend is registered in TLT and in two cases in TMT. In general, our results do not show presence of temperature altitude amplification in tropic in the hiatus period.

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