First quasi-Lagrangian in situ measurements of Antarctic Polar springtime ozone:  observed ozone loss rates from the Concordiasi long-duration balloon campaign

Abstract. We present ozone measurements made using state-of-the-art ultraviolet photometers onboard three long-duration stratospheric balloons launched as part of the Concordiasi campaign in austral spring 2010. Ozone loss rates calculated by matching air parcels sampled at different times and places during the polar spring are in agreement with rates previously derived from ozonesonde measurements, for the vortex average, ranging between 2 and 7 ppbv per sunlit hour or between 25 and 110 ppbv per day. However, the geographical coverage of these long-duration stratospheric balloon platforms provides new insights into the temporal and spatial patterns of ozone loss over Antarctica. Very large ozone loss rates of up to 230 ppbv per day (16 ppbv per sunlit hour) are observed for air masses that are downwind of the Antarctic Peninsula and/or over the East Antarctic region. The ozone loss rate maximum downstream of the Antarctic Peninsula region is consistent with high PSC occurrence from CALIPSO and large ClO abundances from MLS satellite observations for 12–22 September 2010, and with a chemical box model simulation using JPL 2011 kinetics with full chlorine activation.

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First quasi-Lagrangian in-situ measurements of Antarctic Polar springtime ozone: observed ozone loss rates from the Concordiasi long-duration balloon campaign

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-14-22245-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (16) ◽

pp. 22245-22272

Author(s):

R. Schofield ◽

L. M. Avallone ◽

L. E. Kalnajs ◽

A. Hertzog ◽

I. Wohltmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antarctic Peninsula ◽

Austral Spring ◽

Ozone Loss ◽

Long Duration ◽

Rate Maximum ◽

Stratospheric Balloon ◽

Temporal And Spatial ◽

The Antarctic ◽

Loss Rates

Abstract. We present ozone measurements made using state-of-the-art ultraviolet photometers onboard three long-duration stratospheric balloons launched as part of the Concordiasi campaign in austral spring 2010. Ozone loss rates calculated by matching air-parcels sampled at different times and places during the polar spring are in agreement with rates previously derived from ozonesonde measurements, for the vortex-average, ranging between 2–7 ppbv (sunlit h)−1 or 25–110 ppbv per day. However, the geographical coverage of these long-duration stratospheric balloon platforms provides new insights into the temporal and spatial patterns of ozone loss over Antarctica. Very large ozone loss rates of up to 200 ppbv day−1 (16 ppbv (sunlit h)−1) are observed for airmasses that are down-wind of the Antarctic Peninsula and/or over the East Antarctic region. The ozone loss rate maximum downstream of the Antarctic Peninsula region is consistent with high PSC occurrence from Calipso and large ClO abundances from MLS satellite observations for 12–22 September 2010.

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An Assessment of ERA5 Reanalysis for Antarctic Near-Surface Air Temperature

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12020217 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 217

Author(s):

Jiangping Zhu ◽

Aihong Xie ◽

Xiang Qin ◽

Yetang Wang ◽

Bing Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linear Relationship ◽

Antarctic Peninsula ◽

Austral Summer ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

East Antarctica ◽

West Antarctica ◽

Austral Spring ◽

Reanalysis Dataset ◽

Near Surface ◽

The Antarctic

The European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) released its latest reanalysis dataset named ERA5 in 2017. To assess the performance of ERA5 in Antarctica, we compare the near-surface temperature data from ERA5 and ERA-Interim with the measured data from 41 weather stations. ERA5 has a strong linear relationship with monthly observations, and the statistical significant correlation coefficients (p < 0.05) are higher than 0.95 at all stations selected. The performance of ERA5 shows regional differences, and the correlations are high in West Antarctica and low in East Antarctica. Compared with ERA5, ERA-Interim has a slightly higher linear relationship with observations in the Antarctic Peninsula. ERA5 agrees well with the temperature observations in austral spring, with significant correlation coefficients higher than 0.90 and bias lower than 0.70 °C. The temperature trend from ERA5 is consistent with that from observations, in which a cooling trend dominates East Antarctica and West Antarctica, while a warming trend exists in the Antarctic Peninsula except during austral summer. Generally, ERA5 can effectively represent the temperature changes in Antarctica and its three subregions. Although ERA5 has bias, ERA5 can play an important role as a powerful tool to explore the climate change in Antarctica with sparse in situ observations.

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Variability in Antarctic ozone loss in the last decade (2004–2013): high-resolution simulations compared to Aura MLS observations

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-15-10385-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (18) ◽

pp. 10385-10397 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. Kuttippurath ◽

S. Godin-Beekmann ◽

F. Lefèvre ◽

M. L. Santee ◽

L. Froidevaux ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

High Frequency ◽

Polar Vortex ◽

Ozone Loss ◽

Maximum Loss ◽

Vertical Range ◽

Antarctic Ozone ◽

June July ◽

The Antarctic ◽

Loss Rates

Abstract. A detailed analysis of the polar ozone loss processes during 10 recent Antarctic winters is presented with high-resolution MIMOSA–CHIM (Modèle Isentrope du transport Méso-échelle de l'Ozone Stratosphérique par Advection avec CHIMie) model simulations and high-frequency polar vortex observations from the Aura microwave limb sounder (MLS) instrument. The high-frequency measurements and simulations help to characterize the winters and assist the interpretation of interannual variability better than either data or simulations alone. Our model results for the Antarctic winters of 2004–2013 show that chemical ozone loss starts in the edge region of the vortex at equivalent latitudes (EqLs) of 65–67° S in mid-June–July. The loss progresses with time at higher EqLs and intensifies during August–September over the range 400–600 K. The loss peaks in late September–early October, when all EqLs (65–83° S) show a similar loss and the maximum loss (> 2 ppmv – parts per million by volume) is found over a broad vertical range of 475–550 K. In the lower stratosphere, most winters show similar ozone loss and production rates. In general, at 500 K, the loss rates are about 2–3 ppbv sh−1 (parts per billion by volume per sunlit hour) in July and 4–5 ppbv sh−1 in August–mid-September, while they drop rapidly to 0 by mid-October. In the middle stratosphere, the loss rates are about 3–5 ppbv sh−1 in July–August and October at 675 K. On average, the MIMOSA–CHIM simulations show that the very cold winters of 2005 and 2006 exhibit a maximum loss of ~ 3.5 ppmv around 550 K or about 149–173 DU over 350–850 K, and the warmer winters of 2004, 2010, and 2012 show a loss of ~ 2.6 ppmv around 475–500 K or 131–154 DU over 350–850 K. The winters of 2007, 2008, and 2011 were moderately cold, and thus both ozone loss and peak loss altitudes are between these two ranges (3 ppmv around 500 K or 150 ± 10 DU). The modeled ozone loss values are in reasonably good agreement with those estimated from Aura MLS measurements, but the model underestimates the observed ClO, largely due to the slower vertical descent in the model during spring.

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Antarctic Ozone Transport and Depletion in Austral Spring 2002

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences ◽

10.1175/jas-3320.1 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 838-847 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Peter Siegmund ◽

Henk Eskes ◽

Peter van Velthoven

Keyword(s):

Mass Flux ◽

Ozone Depletion ◽

Antarctic Region ◽

Austral Spring ◽

Ozone Loss ◽

Ozone Flux ◽

Depletion Rate ◽

Eddy Transport ◽

Ozone Transport ◽

The Antarctic

Abstract The ozone budget in the Antarctic region during the stratospheric warming in 2002 is studied, using ozone analyses from the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) ozone-transport and assimilation model called TM3DAM. The results show a strong poleward ozone mass flux during this event south of 45°S between about 20 and 40 hPa, which is about 5 times as large as the ozone flux in 2001 and 2000, and is dominated by eddy transport. Above 10 hPa, there exists a partially compensating equatorward ozone flux, which is dominated by the mean meridional circulation. During this event, not only the ozone column but also the ozone depletion rate in the Antarctic region, computed as a residual from the total ozone tendency and the ozone mass flux into this region, is large. The September–October integrated ozone depletion in 2002 is similar to that in 2000 and larger than that in 2001. Simulations for September 2002 with and without ozone assimilation and parameterized ozone chemistry indicate that the parameterized ozone chemistry alone is able to produce the evolution of the ozone layer in the Antarctic region in agreement with observations. A comparison of the ozone loss directly computed from the model’s chemistry parameterization with the residual ozone loss in a simulation with parameterized chemistry but without ozone assimilation shows that the numerical error in the residual ozone loss is small.

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Variability of Antarctic ozone loss in the last decade (2004–2013): high resolution simulations compared to Aura MLS observations

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-14-28203-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (20) ◽

pp. 28203-28230 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Kuttippurath ◽

S. Godin-Beekmann ◽

F. Lefèvre ◽

M. L. Santee ◽

L. Froidevaux ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Polar Vortex ◽

Ozone Loss ◽

Maximum Loss ◽

Vertical Range ◽

Antarctic Ozone ◽

June July ◽

The Antarctic ◽

Polar Ozone ◽

Loss Rates

Abstract. A detailed analysis of the polar ozone loss processes during ten recent Antarctic winters is presented with high resolution Mimosa-Chim model simulations and high frequency polar vortex observations from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument. Our model results for the Antarctic winters 2004–2013 show that chemical ozone loss starts in the edge region of the vortex at equivalent latitudes (EqLs) of 65–69° S in mid-June/July. The loss progresses with time at higher EqLs and intensifies during August–September over the range 400–600 K. The loss peaks in late September/early October, where all EqLs (65–83°) show similar loss and the maximum loss (>2 ppmv [parts per million by volume]) is found over a broad vertical range of 475–550 K. In the lower stratosphere, most winters show similar ozone loss and production rates. In general, at 500 K, the loss rates are about 2–3 ppbv sh−1 (parts per billion by volume/sunlit hour) in July and 4–5 ppbv sh−1 in August/mid-September, while they drop rapidly to zero by late September. In the middle stratosphere, the loss rates are about 3–5 ppbv sh−1 in July–August and October at 675 K. It is found that the Antarctic ozone hole (June–September) is controlled by the halogen cycles at about 90–95% (ClO–ClO, BrO–ClO, and ClO–O) and the loss above 700 K is dominated by the NOx cycle at about 70–75%. On average, the Mimosa-Chim simulations show that the very cold winters of 2005 and 2006 exhibit a maximum loss of ~3.5 ppmv around 550 K or about 149–173 DU over 350–850 K and the warmer winters of 2004, 2010, and 2012 show a loss of ~2.6 ppmv around 475–500 K or 131–154 DU over 350–850 K. The winters of 2007, 2008, and 2011 were moderately cold and thus both ozone loss and peak loss altitudes are between these two ranges (3 ppmv around 500 K or 150 ± 10 DU). The modeled ozone loss values are in reasonably good agreement with those estimated from Aura MLS measurements, but the model underestimates the observed ClO, largely due to the slower vertical descent in the model during spring.

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Varying roles of ENSO and SAM on the Antarctic Peninsula climate in austral spring

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres ◽

10.1002/jgrd.50860 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 118 (20) ◽

pp. 11,481-11,492 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Kyle R. Clem ◽

Ryan L. Fogt

Keyword(s):

Antarctic Peninsula ◽

Austral Spring ◽

The Antarctic

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The Microphysics of Clouds over the Antarctic Peninsula – Part 1: Observations

10.5194/acp-2016-331 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Tom Lachlan-Cope ◽

Constantino Listowski ◽

Sebastian O’Shea

Keyword(s):

Sea Ice ◽

Antarctic Peninsula ◽

Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽

Weddell Sea ◽

Back Trajectories ◽

Air Masses ◽

Ice Nuclei ◽

The Pacific ◽

Water Drops ◽

The Antarctic

Abstract. Observations of clouds over the Antarctic Peninsula during summer 2010 and 2011 are presented here. The Peninsula is up to 2500 m high and acts as barrier to weather systems approaching from the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. Observations of ice and liquid particles in the clouds from both sides of Peninsula and from both years were compared. In 2011 there were significantly more water drops and ice crystals, particularly in the east. Back trajectories have shown that in 2011 the air masses over the Peninsula were more likely to have passed close to the surface over the sea ice in the Weddell Sea. This suggests that the sea ice covered Weddell Sea can act as a source of both cloud condensation nuclei and ice nuclei.

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Preliminary results of seismic reflection investigations and associated geophysical studies in the area of the Antarctic Peninsula

Antarctic Science ◽

10.1017/s0954102090000311 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 223-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Antarctic Peninsula ◽

Gravity Data ◽

Plate Boundary ◽

Seismic Profiles ◽

Austral Spring ◽

Data Set ◽

North West ◽

Reflection Seismic ◽

Bransfield Strait ◽

The Antarctic

A geophysical data set including some 1400 km of reflection seismic profiles and 17000 km of gravity lines was recorded in the waters north-west of the Antarctic Peninsula during the austral spring cruise of RV Polarstern (October to December 1987). These data form a contribution to the earlier and continuing studies dealing with the tectonics of Bransfield Strait, the structure of the South Shetland Trench, and the segmentation of the adjacent oceanic crust. The seismic profiles and gravity data illustrate among other features the differential extension of Bransfield Strait and the structure and morphology of the former converging plate boundary, which vary corresponding to the time of the last ridge trench collision. Observations have been made about the active character of several oceanic fracture zones in time which meet the former plate boundary.

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