scholarly journals Taehwa Research Forest: a receptor site for severe domestic pollution events in Korea during 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 5051-5067 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Sullivan ◽  
Thomas J. McGee ◽  
Ryan M. Stauffer ◽  
Anne M. Thompson ◽  
Andrew Weinheimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Yellow Sea ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Receptor Site ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Pollution Transport ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Meteorological Forcing ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Pollution Events

Abstract. During the May–June 2016 International Cooperative Air Quality Field Study in Korea (KORUS-AQ), light synoptic meteorological forcing facilitated Seoul metropolitan pollution outflow to reach the remote Taehwa Research Forest (TRF) site and cause regulatory exceedances of ozone on 24 days. Two of these severe pollution events are thoroughly examined. The first, occurring on 17 May 2016, tracks transboundary pollution transport exiting eastern China and the Yellow Sea, traversing the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), and then reaching TRF in the afternoon hours with severely polluted conditions. This case study indicates that although outflow from China and the Yellow Sea were elevated with respect to chemically unperturbed conditions, the regulatory exceedance at TRF was directly linked in time, space, and altitude to urban Seoul emissions. The second case studied, which occurred on 9 June 2016, reveals that increased levels of biogenic emissions, in combination with amplified urban emissions, were associated with severe levels of pollution and a regulatory exceedance at TRF. In summary, domestic emissions may be causing more pollution than by transboundary pathways, which have been historically believed to be the major source of air pollution in South Korea. The case studies are assessed with multiple aircraft, model (photochemical and meteorological) simulations, in situ chemical sampling, and extensive ground-based profiling at TRF. These observations clearly identify TRF and the surrounding rural communities as receptor sites for severe pollution events associated with Seoul outflow, which will result in long-term negative effects to both human health and agriculture in the affected areas.

scholarly journals Taehwa Research Forest: A receptor site for severe pollution events in Korea during 2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Sullivan ◽  
Thomas J. McGee ◽  
Ryan M. Stauffer ◽  
Anne M. Thompson ◽  
Andrew Weinheimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Receptor Site ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Pollution Transport ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Meteorological Forcing ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Pollution Events

Abstract. During the May-June 2016 International Cooperative Air Quality Field Study in Korea (KORUS-AQ), light synoptic meteorological forcing facilitated Seoul metropolitan pollution outflow to reach the remote Taehwa Research Forest (TRF) site and cause regulatory exceedances on 24 days. Two of these severe pollution events are thoroughly examined. The first, occurring on 17 May 2016, tracks transboundary pollution transport exiting eastern China and the Yello Sea, traversing the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), and then reaching TRF in the afternoon hours with severely polluted conditions. This case study indicates that although outflow from China and the Yellow Sea were elevated with respect to chemically unperturbed conditions, the regulatory exceedance at TRF was directly linked in time, space, and altitude to urban Seoul emissions. The second case studied, occurring on 09 June 2016, reveals that increased levels of biogenic emissions, in combination with amplified urban emissions, were associated with severe levels of pollutions and a regulatory exceedance at TRF. The case studies are assessed with multiple aircraft, model (photochemical and meteorological) simulations, in-situ chemical sampling, and extensive ground-based profiling at TRF. These observations clearly identify TRF and the surrounding rural communities as receptor sites for severe pollution events associated with Seoul outflow, which will result in long-term negative effects to both human health and agriculture in the affected areas.

The southern Jiangsu coast is a critical moulting site for Spoon-billed Sandpiper Calidris pygmaea and Nordmann’s Greenshank Tringa guttifer

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-660
Author(s):  
ZIYOU YANG ◽  
BENJAMIN J. LAGASSÉ ◽  
HUI XIAO ◽  
MICHA V. JACKSON ◽  
CHUNG-YU CHIANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Sea ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Intertidal Flats ◽  
Jiangsu Coast ◽  
Waterbird Species ◽  
Southern Jiangsu ◽  
Near Threatened

SummaryThe extent of intertidal flats in the Yellow Sea region has declined significantly in the past few decades, resulting in severe population declines in several waterbird species. The Yellow Sea region holds the primary stopover sites for many shorebirds during their migration to and from northern breeding grounds. However, the functional roles of these sites in shorebirds’ stopover ecology remain poorly understood. Through field surveys between July and November 2015, we investigated the stopover and moult schedules of migratory shorebirds along the southern Jiangsu coast, eastern China during their southbound migration, with a focus on the ‘Critically Endangered’ Spoon-billed Sandpiper Calidris pygmaea and ‘Endangered’ Nordmann’s Greenshank Tringa guttifer. Long-term count data indicate that both species regularly occur in globally important number in southern Jiangsu coast, constituting 16.67–49.34% and 64.0–80.67% of their global population estimates respectively, and it is highly likely that most adults undergo their primary moult during this southbound migration stopover. Our results show that Spoon-billed Sandpiper and Nordmann’s Greenshank staged for an extended period of time (66 and 84 days, respectively) to complete their primary moult. On average, Spoon-billed Sandpipers and Nordmann’s Greenshanks started moulting primary feathers on 8 August ± 4.52 and 27 July ± 1.56 days respectively, and their moult durations were 72.58 ± 9.08 and 65.09 ± 2.40 days. In addition, some individuals of several other shorebird species including the ‘Endangered’ Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris, ‘Near Threatened’ Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica, ‘Near Threatened’ Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata and Greater Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii also underwent primary moult. Our work highlights the importance of the southern Jiangsu region as the primary moulting ground for these species, reinforcing that conservation of shorebird habitat including both intertidal flats and supratidal roosting sites in this region is critical to safeguard the future of some highly threatened shorebird species.

scholarly journals Satellite views of seasonal and inter-annual variability of phytoplankton blooms in the eastern China seas over the past 14 yr (1998–2011)

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Q. He ◽  
Y. Bai ◽  
D. L. Pan ◽  
C.-T. A. Chen ◽  
Q. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Sea ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Bohai Sea ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
China Seas ◽  
Phytoplankton Blooms ◽  
The Changjiang Estuary ◽  
Eastern China Seas

Abstract. The eastern China seas are one of the largest marginal seas in the world, where high primary productivity and phytoplankton blooms are often observed. However, to date, little is known about the spatial and temporal variability of phytoplankton blooms in these areas due to the difficulty of the monitoring of bloom events by field measurement. In this study, 14-yr time series of satellite ocean color data from the Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite have been used to investigate the seasonal and inter-annual variability and long-term changes of phytoplankton blooms in the eastern China seas. We validated and calibrated the satellite-derive chlorophyll concentration in the eastern China seas based on extensive data sets from two large cruises. Overestimation of satellite-derive chlorophyll concentration caused by high water turbidity was found to be less than 10 μg L−1. This level can be used as a safe threshold for the identification of a phytoplankton bloom in a marginal sea with turbid waters. Annually, blooms mostly occur in the Changjiang Estuary and along the coasts of Zhejiang. The coasts of the northern Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea also have high-frequency blooms. The blooms have significant seasonal variation, with most of the blooms occurring in the spring (April–June) and summer (July–September). This study revealed a doubling in bloom intensity in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea during the past 14 yr (1998–2011), yet surprisingly, there has been no decadal increase or decrease of bloom intensity in despite of significant inter-annual variation in the Changjiang Estuary. The time series in situ datasets show that both the nitrate and phosphate concentrations increase more than twofold from 1998 to 2005. This might be the reason for the doubling of bloom intensity in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. In addition, the ENSO and PDO can affect the inter-annual variation of bloom intensity in the eastern China seas.

scholarly journals Satellite views of the seasonal and interannual variability of phytoplankton blooms in the eastern China seas over the past 14 yr (1998–2011)

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 4721-4739 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. He ◽  
Y. Bai ◽  
D. Pan ◽  
C.-T. A. Chen ◽  
Q. Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Sea ◽  
Bohai Sea ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
China Seas ◽  
Phytoplankton Blooms ◽  
Chl A ◽  
The Past ◽  
Eastern China Seas

Abstract. The eastern China seas are some of the largest marginal seas in the world, where high primary productivity and phytoplankton blooms are often observed. However, little is known about their systematic variation of phytoplankton blooms on large spatial and long temporal scales due to the difficulty of monitoring bloom events by field measurement. In this study, we investigated the seasonal and interannual variability and long-term changes in phytoplankton blooms in the eastern China seas using a 14 yr (1998–2011) time series of satellite ocean colour data. To ensure a proper satellite dataset to figure out the bloom events, we validated and corrected the satellite-derived chlorophyll concentration (chl a) using extensive in situ datasets from two large cruises. The correlation coefficients between the satellite retrieval data and the in situ chl a on the logarithmic scale were 0.85 and 0.72 for the SeaWiFS and Aqua/MODIS data, respectively. Although satellites generally overestimate the chl a, especially in highly turbid waters, both the in situ and satellite data show that the overestimation of satellite-derived chl a has an upper limit value (10 μg L−1), which can be used as a threshold for the identification of phytoplankton blooms to avoid the false blooms resulting from turbid waters. Taking 10 μg L−1 as the threshold, we present the spatial-temporal variability of phytoplankton blooms in the eastern China seas over the past 14 yr. Most blooms occur in the Changjiang Estuary and along the coasts of Zhejiang, with a maximal frequency of 20% (about 73 days per year). The coasts of the northern Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea also have high-frequency blooms (up to 20%). The blooms show significant seasonal variation, with most occurring in spring (April–June) and summer (July–September). The study also revealed a doubling in bloom intensity in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea during the past 14 yr. The nutrient supply in the eastern China seas might be a major controlling factor in bloom variation. The time series in situ nutrient datasets show that both the nitrate and phosphate concentrations increased more than twofold between 1998 and 2005 in the Yellow Sea. This might be the reason for the doubling of the bloom intensity index in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. In contrast, there has been no significant long-term increase or decrease in the Changjiang Estuary, which might be regulated by the Changjiang River discharge. These results offer a foundation for the study of the influence of phytoplankton blooms on the carbon flux estimation and biogeochemical processes in the eastern China seas.

scholarly journals First Concurrent Measurement of Primary Production in the Yellow Sea, the South Sea of Korea, and the East/Japan Sea, 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1237
Author(s):  
Hyo-Keun Jang ◽  
Seok-Hyun Youn ◽  
Huitae Joo ◽  
Yejin Kim ◽  
Jae-Joong Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Sea ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Current Status ◽  
15N Tracer ◽  
The South ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Small Phytoplankton ◽  
South Sea

Dramatic environmental changes have been recently reported in the Yellow Sea (YS), the South Sea of Korea (SS), and the East/Japan Sea (EJS), but little information on the regional primary productions is currently available. Using the 13C-15N tracer method, we measured primary productions in the YS, the SS, and the EJS for the first time in 2018 to understand the current status of marine ecosystems in the three distinct seas. The mean daily primary productions during the observation period ranged from 25.8 to 607.5 mg C m−2 d−1 in the YS, 68.5 to 487.3 mg C m−2 d−1 in the SS, and 106.4 to 490.5 mg C m−2 d−1 in the EJS, respectively. In comparison with previous studies, significantly lower (t-test, p < 0.05) spring and summer productions and consequently lower annual primary productions were observed in this study. Based on PCA analysis, we found that small-sized (pico- and nano-) phytoplankton had strongly negative effects on the primary productions. Their ecological roles should be further investigated in the YS, the SS, and the EJS under warming ocean conditions within small phytoplankton-dominated ecosystems.

Interactions between selected microalgae and microscopic propagules of Ulva prolifera

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 1571-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Liu ◽  
Tian Yan ◽  
Rencheng Yu ◽  
Qingchun Zhang ◽  
Mingjiang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Ulva Prolifera ◽  
Alexandrium Tamarense ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Green Tides ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Potential Interactions

Large-scale green tides of Ulva prolifera occur repeatedly in the Yellow Sea, and the microscopic propagules of U. prolifera play a critical role during the development of green tides. Ulva prolifera propagules and microalgae are both present in seawater and share similar niches, but their potential interactions are poorly understood. Nine species of microalgae were selected to study their interactions with the propagules of U. prolifera (gametes) in laboratory. The results showed that settlement of gametes could be inhibited by some microalgae, such as Alexandrium tamarense, Prorocentrum lima and Karenia mikimotoi, at the cell density of blooming (102–103 cells ml–1). Inversely, the germlings germinated from U. prolifera gametes had negative effects on the microalgae, the inhibition rate ranged from 28 to 66%. Our results demonstrated the complex interactions between microalgae and propagules of green algae, which may influence the formation of green tides and their ecological consequences in the Yellow Sea.

Studies on some new and rare Reported Marine Planktonic Ciliates (Ciliophora: Oligotrichia) from Coastal Waters in North China

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weibo Song ◽  
Phyllis C. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Yellow Sea ◽  
North China ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Ventral Side ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
North Eastern

Eight marine oligotrichous ciliates including one new genus, two new combinations, and five new species collected from the Yellow Sea, north-eastern China, are morphologically and biometrically investigated based on observations of living specimens and permanent preparations after protargol impregnation: Strombidium tintinnodes; Novistrombidium testaceum gen. nov., comb. nov. (formerly Strombidium testaceum); Tontonia turbinata sp. nov.; Pelagostrobilidium simile sp. nov.; Rimostrombidium orientale sp. nov.; Strombidinopsis elongata sp. nov.; Strombidinopsis elegans sp. nov., and Strombidinopsis minima comb. nov. (formerly Strobilidium minimum). Four junior synonyms are considered: Strombidium oculatum; S. obliquum; S. hadai and Strombidinopsis cheshiri. A comparison with other known members within Strombidiidae resulted in the establishment of a new genus, Novistrombidium gen. nov. It is similar to Strombidium but characterized by the conspicuously opened girdle kinety with a large gap on its ventral side, through which the ventral kinety extends.

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