scholarly journals Taehwa Research Forest: A receptor site for severe pollution events in Korea during 2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Sullivan ◽  
Thomas J. McGee ◽  
Ryan M. Stauffer ◽  
Anne M. Thompson ◽  
Andrew Weinheimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Receptor Site ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Pollution Transport ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Meteorological Forcing ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Pollution Events

Abstract. During the May-June 2016 International Cooperative Air Quality Field Study in Korea (KORUS-AQ), light synoptic meteorological forcing facilitated Seoul metropolitan pollution outflow to reach the remote Taehwa Research Forest (TRF) site and cause regulatory exceedances on 24 days. Two of these severe pollution events are thoroughly examined. The first, occurring on 17 May 2016, tracks transboundary pollution transport exiting eastern China and the Yello Sea, traversing the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), and then reaching TRF in the afternoon hours with severely polluted conditions. This case study indicates that although outflow from China and the Yellow Sea were elevated with respect to chemically unperturbed conditions, the regulatory exceedance at TRF was directly linked in time, space, and altitude to urban Seoul emissions. The second case studied, occurring on 09 June 2016, reveals that increased levels of biogenic emissions, in combination with amplified urban emissions, were associated with severe levels of pollutions and a regulatory exceedance at TRF. The case studies are assessed with multiple aircraft, model (photochemical and meteorological) simulations, in-situ chemical sampling, and extensive ground-based profiling at TRF. These observations clearly identify TRF and the surrounding rural communities as receptor sites for severe pollution events associated with Seoul outflow, which will result in long-term negative effects to both human health and agriculture in the affected areas.

scholarly journals Taehwa Research Forest: a receptor site for severe domestic pollution events in Korea during 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 5051-5067 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Sullivan ◽  
Thomas J. McGee ◽  
Ryan M. Stauffer ◽  
Anne M. Thompson ◽  
Andrew Weinheimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Yellow Sea ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Receptor Site ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Pollution Transport ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Meteorological Forcing ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Pollution Events

Abstract. During the May–June 2016 International Cooperative Air Quality Field Study in Korea (KORUS-AQ), light synoptic meteorological forcing facilitated Seoul metropolitan pollution outflow to reach the remote Taehwa Research Forest (TRF) site and cause regulatory exceedances of ozone on 24 days. Two of these severe pollution events are thoroughly examined. The first, occurring on 17 May 2016, tracks transboundary pollution transport exiting eastern China and the Yellow Sea, traversing the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), and then reaching TRF in the afternoon hours with severely polluted conditions. This case study indicates that although outflow from China and the Yellow Sea were elevated with respect to chemically unperturbed conditions, the regulatory exceedance at TRF was directly linked in time, space, and altitude to urban Seoul emissions. The second case studied, which occurred on 9 June 2016, reveals that increased levels of biogenic emissions, in combination with amplified urban emissions, were associated with severe levels of pollution and a regulatory exceedance at TRF. In summary, domestic emissions may be causing more pollution than by transboundary pathways, which have been historically believed to be the major source of air pollution in South Korea. The case studies are assessed with multiple aircraft, model (photochemical and meteorological) simulations, in situ chemical sampling, and extensive ground-based profiling at TRF. These observations clearly identify TRF and the surrounding rural communities as receptor sites for severe pollution events associated with Seoul outflow, which will result in long-term negative effects to both human health and agriculture in the affected areas.

scholarly journals Transposition Pattern of the Maize Element Ac from the Bz-M2(ac) Allele.

Genetics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
H K Dooner ◽  
A Belachew
Keyword(s):  
Donor Site ◽  
Receptor Site ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Mutable Allele ◽  
Ac Transposition ◽  
P Locus

Abstract The pattern of transposition of Ac from the mutable allele bz-m2(Ac) has been investigated. Stable (bz-s) and finely spotted (bz-m(F)) exceptions were selected from coarsely spotted bz-m2(Ac) ears. The presence or absence of a transposed Ac (trAc) in the genome was determined and, when present, the location of the trAc was mapped relative to the flanking markers sh and wx. The salient general features of Ac transposition to sites linked to bz are that the receptor sites tend to be clustered on either side of the bz donor site and that transposition is bidirectional and nonpolar. Thus, the symmetrical clustering in the distribution of receptor sites adjacent to bz differs from the asymmetrical clustering reported in 1984 for the P locus by I. M. GREENBLATT. Though Ac tends to transpose preferentially to closely linked sites, an appreciable fraction of Ac transpositions from bz-m2(Ac) is to unlinked sites: 41% among bz-s derivatives and 59% among bz-m(F) derivatives. Many transposition events among the bz-m(F) selections result in kernels carrying a genetically noncorresponding embryo. These can be interpreted as twin sectors arising at one of the megagametophytic mitoses. The bz locus data fit the earlier (1962) model of I. M. GREENBLATT and R. A. BRINK in which transposition takes place from a replicated donor site to either an unreplicated or replicated receptor site.

The southern Jiangsu coast is a critical moulting site for Spoon-billed Sandpiper Calidris pygmaea and Nordmann’s Greenshank Tringa guttifer

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-660
Author(s):  
ZIYOU YANG ◽  
BENJAMIN J. LAGASSÉ ◽  
HUI XIAO ◽  
MICHA V. JACKSON ◽  
CHUNG-YU CHIANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Sea ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Intertidal Flats ◽  
Jiangsu Coast ◽  
Waterbird Species ◽  
Southern Jiangsu ◽  
Near Threatened

SummaryThe extent of intertidal flats in the Yellow Sea region has declined significantly in the past few decades, resulting in severe population declines in several waterbird species. The Yellow Sea region holds the primary stopover sites for many shorebirds during their migration to and from northern breeding grounds. However, the functional roles of these sites in shorebirds’ stopover ecology remain poorly understood. Through field surveys between July and November 2015, we investigated the stopover and moult schedules of migratory shorebirds along the southern Jiangsu coast, eastern China during their southbound migration, with a focus on the ‘Critically Endangered’ Spoon-billed Sandpiper Calidris pygmaea and ‘Endangered’ Nordmann’s Greenshank Tringa guttifer. Long-term count data indicate that both species regularly occur in globally important number in southern Jiangsu coast, constituting 16.67–49.34% and 64.0–80.67% of their global population estimates respectively, and it is highly likely that most adults undergo their primary moult during this southbound migration stopover. Our results show that Spoon-billed Sandpiper and Nordmann’s Greenshank staged for an extended period of time (66 and 84 days, respectively) to complete their primary moult. On average, Spoon-billed Sandpipers and Nordmann’s Greenshanks started moulting primary feathers on 8 August ± 4.52 and 27 July ± 1.56 days respectively, and their moult durations were 72.58 ± 9.08 and 65.09 ± 2.40 days. In addition, some individuals of several other shorebird species including the ‘Endangered’ Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris, ‘Near Threatened’ Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica, ‘Near Threatened’ Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata and Greater Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii also underwent primary moult. Our work highlights the importance of the southern Jiangsu region as the primary moulting ground for these species, reinforcing that conservation of shorebird habitat including both intertidal flats and supratidal roosting sites in this region is critical to safeguard the future of some highly threatened shorebird species.

Tribe and village in African organizations and business

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Ulrik Kragh
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organizational Behaviour ◽  
Analytical Perspective ◽  
Anthropological Literature ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show that organizational behaviour and business relations in African countries reflect preindustrial social norms typical of kinship based, rural communities such as in-group/out-group differentiation, reliance on kinship and the use of gift-exchange to create and strengthen social bonds. Design/methodology/approach – Two books on African management are interpreted using anthropological and sociological theory as the analytical perspective. Findings – The analysis of the two works suggests that the preindustrial patterns described in the anthropological literature play a central role in African management and business. Practical implications – The paper concludes that manager should recognize the negative effects that may follow from a rejection of these socio-cultural patterns of behaviour. Originality/value – It introduces Marshall Sahlins’ theory of social distance and reciprocity showing how this theory explains behaviours in and between African organizations.

Airbnb Contribution to Rural Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Abbas Strømmen-Bakhtiar ◽  
Evgueni Vinogradov ◽  
Marit Kristin Kvarum ◽  
Kristian Rydland Antonsen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Urban Bias ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The One

The technological developments described in terms of industrial revolutions or disruptive innovations have been shaping economic and social life in rural areas. The global trend towards urbanization presents a major challenge to rural communities. The aim of this article is to study how the peer-to-peer economy influences rural municipalities. On the one hand, in the literature, it is argued that sharing economy may improve accessibility, encourage mobility, attract investments and reduce urban bias. On the other hand, both academics and practitioners are aware of the disruptive effects of sharing economy on e.g., local real estate and labor markets. This qualitative study is based on empirical data from a municipality on the Lofoten Islands of Norway. The results demonstrate that Airbnb has some positive and some negative effects on rural development, but the magnitudes of these effects are modest. Of positive effects, the authors can mention increased local tourism, stimulation of conservation/restoration of traditional houses, and increased recreational mobility for rural residents.

scholarly journals Insights on organic aerosol aging and the influence of coal combustion at a regional receptor site of Central Eastern China

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 10809-10858 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Hu ◽  
M. Hu ◽  
B. Yuan ◽  
J. L. Jimenez ◽  
Q. Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Receptor Site ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Submicron Particles ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Photochemical Age

Abstract. In order to understand the aging and processing of organic aerosols (OA), an intensive field campaign (Campaign of Air Pollution at Typical Coastal Areas In Eastern China, CAPTAIN) was conducted in March–April at a receptor site (Changdao Island) in Central Eastern China. Multiple fast aerosol and gas measurement instruments were used during the campaign, including a high resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) was applied to measure mass concentrations and non-refractory chemical components of submicron particles (PM1nr). The average mass concentration of PM1 (PM1nr + black carbon) was 47 ± 36 μg m−3 during the campaign and showed distinct variation depending on back trajectories and their overlap with source regions. Organic aerosol (OA) is the largest component of PM1 (30%), followed by nitrate (28%), sulfate (19%), ammonium (15%), black carbon (6%), and chloride (3%). Four OA components were resolved by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) of the high-resolution spectra, including low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosol (LV-OOA), semi-volatile oxygenated OA (SV-OOA), hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) and a coal combustion OA (CCOA), reported here for the first time. The mass spectrum of CCOA has high abundance of fragments from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (m/z 128, 152, 178 etc.). The average atomic ratio of oxygen to carbon in OA (O/C) at Changdao is 0.59, which is comparable to other field studies reported at locations downwind of large pollution sources, indicating the oxidized nature of most OA during the campaign. The evolution of OA elemental composition in the Van Krevelen diagram (H/C vs. O/C) shows a slope of −0.63, however, the OA influenced by coal combution exhibits a completely different evolution that appears dominated by physical mixing. The aging of organic aerosols vs. with photochemical age was investigated. It is shown that OA/ΔCO, as well as LV-OOA/ΔCO and SV-OOA/ΔCO, positively correlated with photochemical age. LV-OOA accounted for 73% of the OA secondary formation in the oldest plumes (photochemical age of 25 h). The kOH at Changdao by assuming SOA formation and aging as a first-order process proportional to OH was calculated to be is 5.2 × 10−12 cm3 molec−1 s−1 which is similar to those determined in recent studies of polluted air in other continents.

scholarly journals Dopamine receptor sites in the anterior pituitary.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1205-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
P C Goldsmith ◽  
M J Cronin ◽  
R I Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Receptors ◽  
Dopamine Receptor ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Receptor Site ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Vesicle Membrane ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Immunocytochemical Method ◽  
Potent Antagonist

An immunocytochemical method was developed to visualize dopamine receptor sites on dispersed anterior pituitary cells of the rat. Dopamine receptors were labeled with the antagonist haloperidol. Some cells were incubated with haloperidol and a 100-fold excess of the potent antagonist D-butaclamol to determine nonspecific binding. The labeled sites were stained with an antibody against haloperidol and the peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) technique. PAP complexes which served as markers for dopamine binding sites appeared on the outer plasmalemmal surface of the vast majority of mammotrophs. PAP complexes attached to the inner surface of endocytotic vesicle membrane suggested internalization of receptor-rich portions of the plasmalemma. Some gonadotrophs and somatotrophs were specifically stained to a lesser extent. However, high receptor site density and internalization of PAP complexes were never observed on cell types other than mammotrophs. The presence of dopamine receptors on the plasmalemma of mammotrophs provides strong additional evidence that dopamine acts upon these cells as a prolactin inhibitory hormone.

Agricultural Industrialization, Anticorporate Farming Laws, and Rural Community Welfare

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1479-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A Lyson ◽  
Rick Welsh
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Industrialization ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Welfare Indicators ◽  
Industrial Farming ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Using Data

The effect on rural communities of shifts in US agriculture toward a system dominated by large-scale industrial production is a central problematic in the sociology of agriculture. Despite the importance of agriculture structure and practice to US society, most research on this topic has been confined to specialized journals. And though research in this area has found negative effects on rural communities from agricultural industrialization, there is a dearth of inquiry into public policy remedies. Using data on 433 agriculture-dependent counties in the USA, we find that counties in states with laws that limit nonfamily corporate entry into farming score higher on important welfare indicators, and that the laws mitigate negative impacts on rural communities from industrial farming.

Narratives of internal migration experiences, health/well-being issues among females working as head-porters (Kayayei) in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-525
Author(s):  
Ahmed Bawa Kuyini ◽  
Abdulai Abukari ◽  
Abdulai Kuyini Mohammed ◽  
Hughlett Omris Powell
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Family Issues ◽  
Migration Experiences

Purpose This study aims to explore the internal migration experiences and health/well-being issues of 38 girls and women working as Kayayei (head-porters) in Accra, Ghana. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from seven focus group interview sessions, and thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings The results revealed the geographic, structural and family issues that promote increased migration of females to the cities. The findings betray the potential negative effects of migration on the participants’ quality of life, including accessing health services. They also suggest that the Kayayei phenomenon is a significant child protection, health/well-being concern yet to be given adequate attention in ways that consider the implications of such large internal migration of females on the overall human resource development capacities of rural communities. Originality/value This is an original study with data collected to explore internal rural to urban migration and its effect on health and well-being of young girls and women.

scholarly journals Evaluating mitigation translocations for better biodiversity outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sydney Dean
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
National Level ◽  
Receptor Site ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Resident Populations

<p>The expansion of urban areas and associated loss of natural areas due to development are greatly contributing to global biodiversity loss. Furthermore, development produces direct harm to wildlife and their habitat. In New Zealand, lizards and their habitat are legally protected and damage due to development of a natural area must be avoided or mitigated whenever possible. Mitigation translocations, the intentional relocation of individuals from the site to be developed to a receptor site, have become commonly used to meet legal obligations; however, mitigation translocations do not guarantee survival of individuals or population success at the receptor site. I aimed to evaluate the success of a mitigation translocation case study, proactively plan receptor sites for a mitigation translocation, and develop a framework for selecting and preparing receptor sites to provide better mitigation translocation outcomes, particularly for herpetofauna. I evaluated the short-term success of a mitigation translocation case study using results from post-release monitoring at receptor sites. This is one of the first studies to provide multiple post-release monitoring sessions and detail recapture rates and body condition changes of lizards at receptor sites with and without resident populations following mitigation translocation. I expanded upon commonly used receptor site selection criteria and translocation data management systems by proactively studying and preparing receptor sites in regional parks, including conducting pilot surveys to evaluate resident populations. Recapture rates were similar between receptor sites (9% and 11.8%) and the limited number of recaptured individuals showed an increase in body condition from the time of salvage to intervals of one- and two-years post-release. Presence of residents was not found to have an effect on recapture rates or body condition changes. Implementation of enhanced site selection criteria resulted in approval of six sites within three protected areas for future mitigation translocations. These sites had low numbers of resident lizards present, if at all. A geodatabase was developed to store results from receptor site evaluations before and after translocation. Together, the improved criteria and geodatabase fit into a framework for selecting and preparing receptor sites to improve outcomes of mitigation translocations of herpetofauna. The framework produced has potential to be used at a national level, in collaboration with ecologists, iwi, and community groups, and for a variety of species. Mitigation translocations should be re-evaluated as the go-to method to mitigate damage to lizards due to development; however, if they must continue, it is essential that best practices are used, and results are published so that outcomes can improve for biodiversity.</p>

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