scholarly journals Atmospheric Lifetimes, Infrared Absorption Spectra, Radiative Forcings and Global Warming Potentials of NF<sub>3</sub> and CFC-115

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Totterdill ◽  
Tamás Kovács ◽  
Wuhu Feng ◽  
Sandip Dhomse ◽  
Christopher J. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Radiative Forcings ◽  
Atmospheric Window ◽  
Infrared Absorption Spectra ◽  
Global Warming Potentials ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. Fluorinated compounds such as NF3 and C2F5Cl (CFC-115) are characterised by very large global warming potentials (GWPs) which result from extremely long atmospheric lifetimes and strong infrared absorptions in the atmospheric window. In this study we have experimentally determined the infrared absorption cross-sections of NF3 and CFC-115, calculated the radiative forcing and efficiency using two radiative transfer models and identified the effect of clouds and stratospheric adjustment. The infrared cross sections are in good agreement with previous measurements, whereas the resulting radiative forcings and efficiencies are, on average, around 10 % larger. A whole atmosphere chemistry-climate model was used to determine the atmospheric lifetimes of NF3 and CFC-115 to be (616 ± 34) years and (492 ± 22) years, respectively. The GWPs for NF3 are estimated to be 14 600, 19 400 and 21 400 over 20, 100 and 500 years, respectively. Similarly, the GWPs for CFC-115 are 6120, 8060 and 8630 over 20, 100 and 500 years, respectively.

scholarly journals Atmospheric lifetimes, infrared absorption spectra, radiative forcings and global warming potentials of NF<sub>3</sub> and CF<sub>3</sub>CF<sub>2</sub>Cl (CFC-115)

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 11451-11463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Totterdill ◽  
Tamás Kovács ◽  
Wuhu Feng ◽  
Sandip Dhomse ◽  
Christopher J. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Radiative Forcings ◽  
Radiative Efficiency ◽  
Atmospheric Window ◽  
Global Warming Potentials

Abstract. Fluorinated compounds such as NF3 and C2F5Cl (CFC-115) are characterised by very large global warming potentials (GWPs), which result from extremely long atmospheric lifetimes and strong infrared absorptions in the atmospheric window. In this study we have experimentally determined the infrared absorption cross sections of NF3 and CFC-115, calculated the radiative forcing and efficiency using two radiative transfer models and identified the effect of clouds and stratospheric adjustment. The infrared cross sections are within 10 % of previous measurements for CFC-115 but are found to be somewhat larger than previous estimates for NF3, leading to a radiative efficiency for NF3 that is 25 % larger than that quoted in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report. A whole atmosphere chemistry–climate model was used to determine the atmospheric lifetimes of NF3 and CFC-115 to be (509 ± 21) years and (492 ± 22) years, respectively. The GWPs for NF3 are estimated to be 15 600, 19 700 and 19 700 over 20, 100 and 500 years, respectively. Similarly, the GWPs for CFC-115 are 6030, 7570 and 7480 over 20, 100 and 500 years, respectively.

scholarly journals Infrared Absorption Spectra, Radiative Efficiencies, and Global Warming Potentials of Newly-Detected Halogenated Compounds: CFC-113a, CFC-112 and HCFC-133a

Atmosphere ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Etminan ◽  
Eleanor Highwood ◽  
Johannes Laube ◽  
Robert McPheat ◽  
George Marston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Halogenated Compounds ◽  
Infrared Absorption Spectra ◽  
Global Warming Potentials

A study on the determination method of Global Warming Potential (GWP) by measuring the experiment-based infrared absorption spectra and the reactivity of the hydroxyl radical

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bong Jae Lee ◽  
Jung Il Lee
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Determination Method ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infrared Absorption Spectra

&lt;div&gt; &lt;p&gt;As the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) gas was completely banned in 2010, hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) and perfluorocarbon (PFC) gases are replacing its place. HFC and PFC demands are consistently increasing due to their use in extinguishing agent, refrigerant for cooling and also in semiconductor and display manufacturing process for etching, deposition, cleaning and more. However, most HFCs and PFCs currently in use have a very high GWP, which adversely affect the greenhouse gas reduction policies that each country is working on.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;To this aspect, countries and relating companies are conducting research to replace from high GWP rated HFCs and PFCs to low GWP rated HFCs and PFCs or to new gases. However, the proper study has not yet been made because of unknown information about GWP, in the case of using or developing a gas which has not been clarified its GWP in IPCC, WMO, and related papers.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Therefore, here, we propose a determination method of global warming potential based on various literature studies as following.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;Calculating absorbed cross-sectional area by measuring infrared adsorption spectra using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and applying to Lambert-Beers&amp;#8217; law using measured infrared absorption spectra.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Applying original Pinnock curve (Pinnock et al., 1995) and final Pinnock curve using the Oslo LBL model (Myhre et al., 2006), to calculate the radiative forcing by integrating the calculated absorbed cross-sectional area from Step 1.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Measuring the reactivity of the hydroxyl radical using PTR-Mass (V.Sinha et al., 2008) and based on measured OH radical, calculate the atmospheric life expectancy using the rate coefficient (Burkholder et al., 2014) and tropospheric lifetime (WMO, 2014) of CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;CCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; (MCF), reference material proposed by WMO, 2014 .&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Following the IPCC AR5(2013), calculate GWP from the radiative forcing and the atmospheric life expectancy, determined by Step 2 and 3.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p&gt;This work was supported by Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planing (No. 20172010106080)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

scholarly journals UV and Infrared Absorption Spectra, Atmospheric Lifetimes, and Ozone Depletion and Global Warming Potentials for CCl2FCCl2F (CFC-112), CCl3CClF2 (CFC-112a), CCl3CF3 (CFC-113a), and CCl2FCF3 (CFC-114a)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxine E. Davis ◽  
François Bernard ◽  
Max R. McGillen ◽  
Eric L. Fleming ◽  
James B. Burkholder
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Uv Absorption ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Uv Absorption Spectra ◽  
Infrared Absorption Spectra ◽  
Global Warming Potentials

Abstract. The potential impact of the recently observed CCl2FCCl2F (CFC-112), CCl3CClF2 (CFC-112a), CCl3CF3 (CFC-113a), and CCl2FCF3 (CFC-114a) (chlorofluorocarbons, CFCs), on stratospheric ozone and climate are presently not well characterized. In this study, the UV absorption spectra of these CFCs were measured between 192.5–235 nm over the temperature range 207–323 K. Precise parameterizations of the UV absorption spectra are presented. A 2-D atmospheric model was used to evaluate the CFC atmospheric loss processes, lifetimes, ozone depletion potentials (ODPs), and the associated uncertainty ranges in these metrics. The CFCs are primarily removed in the stratosphere by short wavelength UV photolysis with calculated global annually averaged steady-state lifetimes (years) of 63.6 (61.9–64.7), 51.5 (50.0–52.6), 55.4 (54.3–56.3), and 105.3 (102.9–107.4) for CFC-112, CFC-112a, CFC-113a, and CFC-114a, respectively. The range of lifetimes given in parentheses where obtained by including the 2σ uncertainty in the UV absorption spectra and O(1D) rate coefficients in the model calculations. The 2-D model was also used to calculate the CFC ozone depletion potentials (ODPs) with values of 0.98, 0.86, 0.73, and 0.72 obtained for CFC-112, CFC-112a, CFC-113a, and CFC-114a, respectively. Using the infrared absorption spectra and lifetimes determined in this work, the CFCs global warming potentials (GWPs) were estimated to be 4260 (CFC-112), 3330 (CFC-112a), 3650 (CFC-113a), and 6510 (CFC-114a) for the 100-year time-horizon.

scholarly journals UV and infrared absorption spectra, atmospheric lifetimes, and ozone depletion and global warming potentials for CCl<sub>2</sub>FCCl<sub>2</sub>F (CFC-112), CCl<sub>3</sub>CClF<sub>2</sub> (CFC-112a), CCl<sub>3</sub>CF<sub>3</sub> (CFC-113a), and CCl<sub>2</sub>FCF<sub>3</sub> (CFC-114a)

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 8043-8052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxine E. Davis ◽  
François Bernard ◽  
Max R. McGillen ◽  
Eric L. Fleming ◽  
James B. Burkholder
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Uv Absorption ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Uv Absorption Spectra ◽  
Infrared Absorption Spectra ◽  
Global Warming Potentials

Abstract. The potential impact of CCl2FCF3 (CFC-114a) and the recently observed CCl2FCCl2F (CFC-112), CCl3CClF2 (CFC-112a), and CCl3CF3 (CFC-113a) chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) on stratospheric ozone and climate is presently not well characterized. In this study, the UV absorption spectra of these CFCs were measured between 192.5 and 235 nm over the temperature range 207–323 K. Precise parameterizations of the UV absorption spectra are presented. A 2-D atmospheric model was used to evaluate the CFC atmospheric loss processes, lifetimes, ozone depletion potentials (ODPs), and the associated uncertainty ranges in these metrics due to the kinetic and photochemical uncertainty. The CFCs are primarily removed in the stratosphere by short-wavelength UV photolysis with calculated global annually averaged steady-state lifetimes (years) of 63.6 (61.9–64.7), 51.5 (50.0–52.6), 55.4 (54.3–56.3), and 105.3 (102.9–107.4) for CFC-112, CFC-112a, CFC-113a, and CFC-114a, respectively. The range of lifetimes given in parentheses is due to the 2σ uncertainty in the UV absorption spectra and O(1D) rate coefficients included in the model calculations. The 2-D model was also used to calculate the CFC ozone depletion potentials (ODPs) with values of 0.98, 0.86, 0.73, and 0.72 obtained for CFC-112, CFC-112a, CFC-113a, and CFC-114a, respectively. Using the infrared absorption spectra and lifetimes determined in this work, the CFC global warming potentials (GWPs) were estimated to be 4260 (CFC-112), 3330 (CFC-112a), 3650 (CFC-113a), and 6510 (CFC-114a) for the 100-year time horizon.

scholarly journals Comment on "Radiative forcings for 28 potential Archean greenhouse gases" by Byrne and Goldblatt (2014)

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1097-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Kochanov ◽  
I. E. Gordon ◽  
L. S. Rothman ◽  
S. W. Sharpe ◽  
T. J. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Spectral Region ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radiative Forcings ◽  
The Status ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Spectroscopic Database

Abstract. In the recent article by Byrne and Goldblatt, "Radiative forcing for 28 potential Archean greenhouse gases", Clim. Past. 10, 1779–1801 (2014), the authors employ the HITRAN2012 spectroscopic database to evaluate the radiative forcing of 28 Archean gases. As part of the evaluation of the status of the spectroscopy of these gases in the selected spectral region (50–1800 cm−1), the cross sections generated from the HITRAN line-by-line parameters were compared with those of the PNNL database of experimental cross sections recorded at moderate resolution. The authors claimed that for NO2, HNO3, H2CO, H2O2, HCOOH, C2H4, CH3OH and CH3Br there exist large or sometimes severe disagreements between the databases. In this work we show that for only three of these eight gases a modest discrepancy does exist between the two databases and we explain the origin of the differences. For the other five gases, the disagreements are not nearly at the scale suggested by the authors, while we explain some of the differences that do exist. In summary, the agreement between the HITRAN and PNNL databases is very good, although not perfect. Typically differences do not exceed 10 %, provided that HITRAN data exist for the bands/wavelengths of interest. It appears that a molecule-dependent combination of errors has affected the conclusions of the authors. In at least one case it appears that they did not take the correct file from PNNL (N2O4 (dimer)+ NO2 was used in place of the monomer). Finally, cross sections of HO2 from HITRAN (which do not have a PNNL counterpart) were not calculated correctly in BG, while in the case of HF misleading discussion was presented there based on the confusion by foreign or noise features in the experimental PNNL spectra.

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