scholarly journals Supplementary material to "High-resolution quantification of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> mixing ratios in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada"

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie C. Pugliese ◽  
Jennifer G. Murphy ◽  
Felix R. Vogel ◽  
Michael D. Moran ◽  
Junhua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
Supplementary Material

scholarly journals High-resolution quantification of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> mixing ratios in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 3387-3401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie C. Pugliese ◽  
Jennifer G. Murphy ◽  
Felix R. Vogel ◽  
Michael D. Moran ◽  
Junhua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
Natural Gas Combustion

Abstract. Many stakeholders are seeking methods to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in urban areas, but reliable, high-resolution inventories are required to guide these efforts. We present the development of a high-resolution CO2 inventory available for the Greater Toronto Area and surrounding region in Southern Ontario, Canada (area of  ∼ 2.8 × 105 km2, 26 % of the province of Ontario). The new SOCE (Southern Ontario CO2 Emissions) inventory is available at the 2.5 × 2.5 km spatial and hourly temporal resolution and characterizes emissions from seven sectors: area, residential natural-gas combustion, commercial natural-gas combustion, point, marine, on-road, and off-road. To assess the accuracy of the SOCE inventory, we developed an observation–model framework using the GEM-MACH chemistry–transport model run on a high-resolution grid with 2.5 km grid spacing coupled to the Fossil Fuel Data Assimilation System (FFDAS) v2 inventories for anthropogenic CO2 emissions and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) land carbon model C-TESSEL for biogenic fluxes. A run using FFDAS for the Southern Ontario region was compared to a run in which its emissions were replaced by the SOCE inventory. Simulated CO2 mixing ratios were compared against in situ measurements made at four sites in Southern Ontario – Downsview, Hanlan's Point, Egbert and Turkey Point – in 3 winter months, January–March 2016. Model simulations had better agreement with measurements when using the SOCE inventory emissions versus other inventories, quantified using a variety of statistics such as correlation coefficient, root-mean-square error, and mean bias. Furthermore, when run with the SOCE inventory, the model had improved ability to capture the typical diurnal pattern of CO2 mixing ratios, particularly at the Downsview, Hanlan's Point, and Egbert sites. In addition to improved model–measurement agreement, the SOCE inventory offers a sectoral breakdown of emissions, allowing estimation of average time-of-day and day-of-week contributions of different sectors. Our results show that at night, emissions from residential and commercial natural-gas combustion and other area sources can contribute > 80 % of the CO2 enhancement, while during the day emissions from the on-road sector dominate, accounting for > 70 % of the enhancement.

scholarly journals High-resolution quantification of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> mixing ratios in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie C. Pugliese ◽  
Jennifer G. Murphy ◽  
Felix R. Vogel ◽  
Michael D. Moran ◽  
Junhua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
Natural Gas Combustion

Abstract. Many stakeholders are seeking methods to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in urban areas, however reliable, high-resolution inventories are required to guide these efforts. We present the development of a high-resolution CO2 inventory available for the Greater Toronto Area and surrounding region in southern Ontario, Canada (area of ~ 2.8 × 105 km2, 26 % of the province of Ontario). The new SOCE (Southern Ontario CO2 Emissions) inventory is available at the 2.5 × 2.5 km spatial and hourly temporal resolution and characterizes emissions from seven sectors: Area, Residential natural gas combustion, Commercial natural gas combustion, Point, Marine, On-road and Off-road. To assess the accuracy of the SOCE inventory, we developed an observation-model framework using the GEM-MACH chemistry-transport model run on a high-resolution grid with 2.5 km grid spacing coupled to the Fossil Fuel Data Assimilation System (FFDAS) v2 inventories for anthropogenic CO2 emissions and the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) land carbon model C-TESSEL for biogenic fluxes. A run using FFDAS for the southern Ontario region was compared to a run in which its emissions were replaced by the SOCE inventory. Simulated CO2 mixing ratios were compared against in situ measurements made at four sites in southern Ontario, Downsview, Hanlan's Point, Egbert and Turkey Point, in three winter months, January–March, 2016. Model simulations had better agreement with measurements when using the SOCE inventory emissions versus other inventories, quantified using a variety of statistics such as Correlation Coefficient, root mean square error and mean bias. Furthermore, when run with the SOCE inventory, the model had improved ability to capture the typical diurnal pattern of CO2 mixing ratios, particularly at the Downsview, Hanlan's Point and Egbert sites. In addition to improved model-measurement agreement, the SOCE inventory offers a sectoral breakdown of emissions, allowing estimation of average time-of-day and day-of-week contributions of different sectors. Our results show that at night, emissions from Residential and Commercial natural gas combustion and other Area sources can contribute > 80 % of the CO2 enhancement while during the day emissions from the On-road sector dominate, accounting for > 70 % of the enhancement.

scholarly journals Supplementary material to "The aerosol-cyclone indirect effect in observations and high-resolution simulations"

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. McCoy ◽  
Paul R. Field ◽  
Anja Schmidt ◽  
Daniel P. Grosvenor ◽  
Frida A.-M. Bender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Supplementary Material

scholarly journals Supplementary material to "Evaluating High-Resolution Forecasts of Atmospheric CO and CO<sub>2</sub> from a Global Prediction System during KORUS-AQ Field Campaign"

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfu Tang ◽  
Avelino F. Arellano ◽  
Joshua P. DiGangi ◽  
Yonghoon Choi ◽  
Glenn S. Diskin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Prediction System ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Supplementary Material

scholarly journals Supplementary material to "Cloud feedbacks in extratropical cyclones: insight from long-term satellite data and high-resolution global simulations"

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. McCoy ◽  
Paul R. Field ◽  
Gregory S. Elsaesser ◽  
Alejandro Bodas-Salcedo ◽  
Brian H. Kahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Extratropical Cyclones ◽  
Cloud Feedbacks ◽  
Supplementary Material
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