scholarly journals Forecasting Carbon Monoxide on a Global Scale for the ATom-1 Aircraft Mission: Insights from Airborne and Satellite Observations and Modeling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Strode ◽  
Junhua Liu ◽  
Leslie Lait ◽  
Róisín Commane ◽  
Bruce Daube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Optical Thickness ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Aerosol Optical Thickness ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
Typical Summer

Abstract. GEOS-5 forecasts and analyses show considerable skill in predicting and simulating the CO distribution and the timing of CO enhancements observed during the ATom-1 aircraft mission. Using tagged tracers for CO, we find a dominant contribution from non-biomass burning sources along the ATom transects except over the tropical Atlantic, where African biomass burning makes a large contribution to the CO concentration. One of the goals of ATom is to provide a chemical climatology over the oceans, so it is important to consider whether August 2016 was representative of typical summer conditions. Using satellite observations of 700 hPa and column CO from the Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument, 215 hPa CO from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), and aerosol optical thickness from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), we find that CO concentrations and aerosol optical thickness in August 2016 were within the observed range of the satellite observations, but below the decadal median for many of the regions sampled. This suggests that the ATom-1 measurements may represent relatively clean but not exceptional conditions for lower tropospheric CO.

scholarly journals Forecasting carbon monoxide on a global scale for the ATom-1 aircraft mission: insights from airborne and satellite observations and modeling

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 10955-10971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Strode ◽  
Junhua Liu ◽  
Leslie Lait ◽  
Róisín Commane ◽  
Bruce Daube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Optical Thickness ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Aerosol Optical Thickness ◽  
Boreal Summer ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

Abstract. The first phase of the Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom-1) took place in July–August 2016 and included flights above the remote Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Sampling of atmospheric constituents during these flights is designed to provide new insights into the chemical reactivity and processes of the remote atmosphere and how these processes are affected by anthropogenic emissions. Model simulations provide a valuable tool for interpreting these measurements and understanding the origin of the observed trace gases and aerosols, so it is important to quantify model performance. Goddard Earth Observing System Model version 5 (GEOS-5) forecasts and analyses show considerable skill in predicting and simulating the CO distribution and the timing of CO enhancements observed during the ATom-1 aircraft mission. We use GEOS-5's tagged tracers for CO to assess the contribution of different emission sources to the regions sampled by ATom-1 to elucidate the dominant anthropogenic influences on different parts of the remote atmosphere. We find a dominant contribution from non-biomass-burning sources along the ATom transects except over the tropical Atlantic, where African biomass burning makes a large contribution to the CO concentration. One of the goals of ATom is to provide a chemical climatology over the oceans, so it is important to consider whether August 2016 was representative of typical boreal summer conditions. Using satellite observations of 700 hPa and column CO from the Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument, 215 hPa CO from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), and aerosol optical thickness from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), we find that CO concentrations and aerosol optical thickness in August 2016 were within the observed range of the satellite observations but below the decadal median for many of the regions sampled. This suggests that the ATom-1 measurements may represent relatively clean but not exceptional conditions for lower-tropospheric CO.

scholarly journals Implications of satellite swath width on global aerosol optical thickness statistics

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 2795-2820 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Colarco ◽  
L. A. Remer ◽  
R. A. Kahn ◽  
R. C. Levy ◽  
E. J. Welton
Keyword(s):  
Optical Thickness ◽  
Aerosol Optical Thickness ◽  
Temporal Scales ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Direct Forcing ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Sun Photometer ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. We assess the impact of swath width on the statistics of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) retrieved by satellite, as inferred from observations made by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Using collocated AERONET sun photometer observations we develop a correction to the MODIS data to account for calibration and algorithmic view angle dependency in the retrieved AOT. We sub-sample and correct the AOT data from the MODIS Aqua instrument along several candidate swaths of various widths for the years 2003–2011. We find that over ocean the global, annual mean AOT is within ± 0.01 of the full swath AOT for all of our sub-samples. Over land, however, most of our sub-samples are outside of this criterion range in the global, annual mean. Moreover, at smaller spatial and temporal scales we find wide deviation in the sub-sample AOT relative to the full swath over both land and ocean. In all, the sub-sample AOT is within ± 0.01 of the full swath value less than 25% of the time over land, and less than 50% of the time over ocean (less than 35% for all but the widest of our sub-sample swaths). These results suggest that future aerosol satellite missions having only narrow swath views may not sample the true AOT distribution sufficiently to reduce significantly the uncertainty in aerosol direct forcing of climate.

scholarly journals Estudio de la dinámica del espesor óptico de los aerosoles en Perú y América del Sur a partir de las imágenes MODIS de los satélites TERRA y AQUA en el periodo 2000-2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Noelia Rojas Benavente ◽  
Joel Rojas Acuña
Keyword(s):  
Optical Thickness ◽  
Aerosol Optical Thickness ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
América Del Sur

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la dinámica de los aerosoles en el Perú y América del Sur entre las latitudes 4°N-24°S y las longitudes 83°W-33°W, a partir de las imágenes de los promedios mensuales del espesor óptico de los aerosoles, Aerosol Optical Thickness, AOT, en la longitud de onda de 550 nm medidos por el sensor MODIS, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, a bordo de los satélites TERRA y AQUA, para un periodo de catorce años, del 2000 al 2013. Se han usado los datos AOT in-situ en los horarios de 6 estaciones AERONET de América del Sur que incluyen cuatro de Brasil, tales como, Rio Branco, Paraná Ji, Alta Foresta y Campo Grande; uno de Chile, la estación de Arica y uno de Bolivia, la estación de La Paz; además incorporamos 166 datos imágenes AOT-MODIS-TERRA de los productos mensuales obtenidos para un periodo del 2000 al 2013 y 138 datos imágenes AOT-MODIS-AQUA de los productos mensuales obtenidos para un periodo del 2002 al 2013 estimados a partir de la herramienta de visulaización y análisis vía Web Giovanni con una resolución de 1°×1°, es decir, de 110 km×110 km. La serie de tiempos AOT-MODIS-TERRA tienen valores máximos y mínimos entre 0.0 y 0.499 y sus valores máximos se ubican en la temporada seca del Hemisferio Sur, entre agosto a noviembre, durante los 14 años. La serie de tiempos AOT-MODIS-AQUA tienen valores máximos y mínimos entre 0.0 y 0.493 y sus valores máximos se ubican en la temporada seca, durante los 12 años. La serie de tiempos AOT-AERONET en las cuatro estaciones de Brasil muestra una variación estacional con máximos en la estación seca durante los 14 años, mientras que, en las estaciones de Chile y Bolivia se muestra una variación estacional muy diferente a los datos AOT/MODIS, teniendo pocos registros de datos AOT. Las gráficas de dispersión de las series de tiempo AOT-MODIS vs AOT-AERONET muestran una alta correlación de 0.8 a 0.9 en cuatro estaciones de Brasil y una correlación baja de 0.33 a 0.39 en la estación de Chile y de 0.13 a 0.19 en la estación de Bolivia.

scholarly journals Long-Term Analyses of Aerosol Optical Thickness Using Caliop

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 02023
Author(s):  
Masahiro Fujikawa ◽  
Rei Kudo ◽  
Tomoaki Nishizawa ◽  
Eiji Oikawa ◽  
Akiko Higurashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Thickness ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Aerosol Optical Thickness ◽  
Orthogonal Polarization ◽  
Standard Product ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

We developed an algorithm to derive extinction coefficients for four aerosol components (water-soluble, dust, sea salt, black carbon) from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) data. The algorithm was applied to the nine-year data for 2007–2015 and the results were compared to CALIOP standard product (CALIOP-ST) and MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) standard product (MODIS-ST). Comparisons of the total aerosol optical thickness (AOT) showed that MODIS-ST was the largest, followed by CALIOP-ST (Ver.4), and our product. CALIOP-ST (Ver.3) showed a similar magnitude to ours.

scholarly journals Reconciling Simulated and Observed Views of Clouds: MODIS, ISCCP, and the Limits of Instrument Simulators

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 4699-4720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Pincus ◽  
Steven Platnick ◽  
Steven A. Ackerman ◽  
Richard S. Hemler ◽  
Robert J. Patrick Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Optical Thickness ◽  
Model Error ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Global Models ◽  
Cloud Properties ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
Cloud Top Pressure

Abstract The properties of clouds that may be observed by satellite instruments, such as optical thickness and cloud-top pressure, are only loosely related to the way clouds are represented in models of the atmosphere. One way to bridge this gap is through “instrument simulators,” diagnostic tools that map the model representation to synthetic observations so that differences can be interpreted as model error. But simulators may themselves be restricted by limited information or by internal assumptions. This paper considers the extent to which instrument simulators are able to capture essential differences between the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), two similar but independent estimates of cloud properties. The authors review the measurements and algorithms underlying these two cloud climatologies, introduce a MODIS simulator, and detail datasets developed for comparison with global models using ISCCP and MODIS simulators. In nature MODIS observes less midlevel cloudiness than ISCCP, consistent with the different methods used to determine cloud-top pressure; aspects of this difference are reproduced by the simulators. Differences in observed distributions of optical thickness, however, are not captured. The largest differences can be traced to different approaches to partly cloudy pixels, which MODIS excludes and ISCCP treats as homogeneous. These cover roughly 15% of the planet and account for most of the optically thinnest clouds. Instrument simulators cannot reproduce these differences because there is no way to synthesize partly cloudy pixels. Nonetheless, MODIS and ISCCP observations are consistent for all but the optically thinnest clouds, and models can be robustly evaluated using instrument simulators by integrating over the robust subset of observations.

scholarly journals Estimates of the vertical distribution of desert dust and conden-sation nuclei over the Mediterranean, with the synergistic use of active and passive remote sensing techniques

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ελένη Μαρίνου
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Desert Dust ◽  
Passive Remote Sensing ◽  
Regional Atmospheric Model ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

Ο πρωταρχικός στόχος αυτής της εργασίας είναι να καλύψει υπάρχοντα κενά στην αντίληψή μας σχετικά με το ρόλο της ερημικής σκόνης στις κλιματικές παραμέτρους της Μεσογείου χρησιμοποιώντας προηγμένες μεθόδους τηλεπισκόπησης. Αρχικά, η ερημική σκόνη διαχωρίζεται από τα συνολικά αερολύματα που παρέχονται από σύγχρονους δορυφορικούς αισθητήρες τηλεπισκόπησης. Το προϊόν σκόνης που παράγεται χρησιμοποιείται στην ανάπτυξη της τρισδιάστατης κατανομής του φόρτου της σκόνης πάνω από τη Μεσόγειο και τη Βόρεια Αφρική, η οποία είναι πολύ σημαντική για την επίδραση της σκόνης στην ηλιακή ακτινοβολία. Τέλος, αναπτύσσουμε κλιματολογίες των συγκεντρώσεων της σκόνης που ενεργούν ως πυρήνες παγoποίησης, για τη μελέτη της επίδρασης της σκόνης στο σχηματισμό νεφών.Η μεθοδολογία μας περιλαμβάνει τη συνέργεια παθητικών και ενεργών μετρήσεων τηλεπισκόπησης, με έμφαση στις κατακόρυφες μετρήσεις των αερολυμάτων που παρέχονται από το δορυφορικό lidar του CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations). Αρχικά, αναπτύσσουμε ένα νέο προϊόν σκόνης χρησιμοποιώντας τις μετρήσεις του CALIPSO, βασιζόμενοι σε μεθοδολογίες που έχουν αναπτυχθεί στο πλαίσιο του Ευρωπαικού επίγειου δικτύου lidar EARLINET (AErosol RObotic NETwork). Ο διαχωρισμός της σκό-νης από τους άλλους τύπους αερολυμάτων γίνεται χρησιμοποιώντας τα προφίλ του συντελεστή οπισθοσκέδασης και του λόγου αποπόλωσης του CALIPSO, καθώς και τις μετρήσεις και τις μεθόδους του EARLINET. Το προϊόν αξιολογείται με μετρήσεις από το δίκτυο AERONET (AEr-osol RObotic NETwork) και συγκρίνεται με δορυφορικές παρατηρήσεις από το MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) και με κατακόρυφα προφίλ από το μοντέλο BSC-DREAM8b (Barcelona Supercomputer Center - Dust Regional Atmospheric Model). Το νέο προϊόν σκόνης χρησιμοποιείται για την παραγωγή μιας τρισδιάστατης κλιματολογίας της εξέλιξης της Σαχαριανής σκόνης πάνω από την Βόρεια Αφρική και την Ευρώπη, χρησιμοποιώντας τις δορυφορικές παρατηρήσεις του CALIPSO από το 2007 έως το 2015. Τα αποτελέσματα αναδεικνύουν την τρισδιάστατη εξέλιξη της σκόνης και τις εποχιακές διαδρομές της μεταφοράς της από τη Σαχάρα προς τη Μεσόγειο και την ηπειρωτική Ευρώπη. Το νέο προϊόν σκόνης είναι ελεύθερα διαθέσημο (κατόπιν αιτήσεως αλλά και από διάφορες ιστοσελίδες) και έχει ήδη χρησιμοποιηθεί από την παγκόσμια μετεωρολογική οργάνωση, την ευρωπαϊκή υπηρεσία διαστήματος και από συνεργάτες ερευνητές για την αξιολόγηση 3 μοντέλων μεταφοράς σκόνης, νέων προϊόντων από δορυφόρους πολικής και γεωστατικής τροχιάς και για την μελέτη της επίδρασης της σκόνης στο ισοζύγιο της ακτινοβολίας. Εδώ παρουσιάζονται τρία παραδείγματα τέτοιων εφαρμογών, με πρώτο (α) τη βελτιστοποίηση των παραμέτρων ενός μοντέλου μεταφοράς σκόνης προκειμένου να περιγραφεί η καταιγίδα σκόνης στη Μέση Ανατο-λή και την Ανατολική Μεσόγειο συνέβει το 2015, β) την κατηγοριοποίηση αερολυμάτων από το διάστημα με σκοπό τον διαχωρισμό των αερολυμάτων ανθρωπογενούς και φυσικής προέλευσης και (γ) την αξιολόγηση διαφορετικών παραμετροποιήσεων σκόνης σε περιφερειακά κλιματικά μοντέλα. Τέλος, ανακτώνται οι κατακόρυφες κατανομές συγκέντρωσης πυρήνων παγοποίησης στην περιοχή της μελέτης. Αυτό το αποτέλεσμα παρέχει μια μοναδική ευκαιρία για μελλοντική έρευνα πάνω στον ετερογενή σχηματισμού του πάγου, χρησιμοποιώντας παρατηρήσεις νεφών.

scholarly journals MODIS Sensor Capability to Burned Area Mapping—Assessment of Performance and Improvements Provided by the Latest Standard Products in Boreal Regions

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5423
Author(s):  
José A. Moreno-Ruiz ◽  
José R. García-Lázaro ◽  
Manuel Arbelo ◽  
Manuel Cantón-Garbín
Keyword(s):  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Commission Error ◽  
Positional Accuracy ◽  
Wildfire Management ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

This paper presents an accuracy assessment of the main global scale Burned Area (BA) products, derived from daily images of the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Fire_CCI 5.1 and MCD64A1 C6, as well as the previous versions of both products (Fire_CCI 4.1 and MCD45A1 C5). The exercise was conducted on the boreal region of Alaska during the period 2000–2017. All the BA polygons registered by the Alaska Fire Service were used as reference data. Both new versions doubled the annual BA estimate compared to the previous versions (66% for Fire_CCI 5.1 versus 35% for v4.1, and 63% for MCD64A1 C6 versus 28% for C5), reducing the omission error (OE) by almost one half (39% versus 67% for Fire_CCI and 48% versus 74% for MCD) and slightly increasing the commission error (CE) (7.5% versus 7% for Fire_CCI and 18% versus 7% for MCD). The Fire_CCI 5.1 product (CE = 7.5%, OE = 39%) presented the best results in terms of positional accuracy with respect to MCD64A1 C6 (CE = 18%, OE = 48%). These results suggest that Fire_CCI 5.1 could be suitable for those users who employ BA standard products in geoinformatics analysis techniques for wildfire management, especially in Boreal regions. The Pareto boundary analysis, performed on an annual basis, showed that there is still a potential theoretical capacity to improve the MODIS sensor-based BA algorithms.

scholarly journals A new transport mechanism of biomass burning from Indochina as identified by modeling studies

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 7901-7911 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-Y. Lin ◽  
H.-m. Hsu ◽  
Y. H. Lee ◽  
C. H. Kuo ◽  
Y.-F. Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Transport Mechanism ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Indochina Peninsula ◽  
Active Fire ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

Abstract. Biomass burning in the Indochina Peninsula (Indochina) is one of the important ozone sources in the low troposphere over East Asia in springtime. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data show that 20 000 or more active fire detections occurred annually in spring only from 2000 to 2007. In our tracer modeling study, we identify a new mechanism transporting the tracer over Indochina that is significantly different from the vertical transport mechanism over the equatorial areas such as Indonesia and Malaysia. Simulation results demonstrate that the leeside troughs over Indochina play a dominant role in the uplift of the tracer below 3 km, and that the strong westerlies prevailing above 3 km transport the tracer. These fundamental mechanisms have a major impact on the air quality downwind from Indochina over East Asia. The climatological importance of such a leeside trough is also discussed.

New simple approach to understand the spatial and vertical distribution of biomass burning CO emission based on the MOPITT vertical measurements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuyong Lin ◽  
Jason Cohen
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
Significant Spread ◽  
Spatial And Vertical Distribution

<p>A simple variance-maximization approach, based on 19 years of weekly Moderate Resolution Imaging spectroradiometer (MOPITT) CO vertical measurements, was employed to quantify the spatial distribution of the global seasonal biomass burning region. Results demonstrate there are a few large-scale and typical biomass burning regions responsible for most of the biomass burning emissions throughout the world, with the largest of these such regions located in Amazonian South America, Western Africa, Indonesia, and Northern Southeast Asia (Eastern India, Northern Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam and Eastern Bangladesh), which are highly associated with the results of Global Fire Emission Database(GFED). The CO is primarily lofted to and spreads downwind at 800mb or 700mb with three exceptions: The Maritime Continent and South America where there is significant spread at 300mb consistent with known deep- and pyro-convection; and Southern Africa where there is significant spread at 600mb. The total mass of CO lofted into the free troposphere ranges from 46% over Central Africa to 92% over Australia.</p>

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