New simple approach to understand the spatial and vertical distribution of biomass burning CO emission based on the MOPITT vertical measurements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuyong Lin ◽  
Jason Cohen
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
Significant Spread ◽  
Spatial And Vertical Distribution

<p>A simple variance-maximization approach, based on 19 years of weekly Moderate Resolution Imaging spectroradiometer (MOPITT) CO vertical measurements, was employed to quantify the spatial distribution of the global seasonal biomass burning region. Results demonstrate there are a few large-scale and typical biomass burning regions responsible for most of the biomass burning emissions throughout the world, with the largest of these such regions located in Amazonian South America, Western Africa, Indonesia, and Northern Southeast Asia (Eastern India, Northern Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam and Eastern Bangladesh), which are highly associated with the results of Global Fire Emission Database(GFED). The CO is primarily lofted to and spreads downwind at 800mb or 700mb with three exceptions: The Maritime Continent and South America where there is significant spread at 300mb consistent with known deep- and pyro-convection; and Southern Africa where there is significant spread at 600mb. The total mass of CO lofted into the free troposphere ranges from 46% over Central Africa to 92% over Australia.</p>

Forest and Field Fire Search System Using MODIS Data

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1043-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Nunohiro ◽  
◽  
Kei Katayama ◽  
Kenneth J. Mackin ◽  
Jong Geol Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Image Database ◽  
System Configuration ◽  
Search System ◽  
Modis Data ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
Process Level

Tokyo University of Information Sciences receives MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data from NASA’s Terra and Aqua satellites, and provides the processed data to universities and research institutes as part of the academic frontier project. This paper considers the utilization of MODIS data for a system to search for fire regions in forests and fields. For the search system to be effective, the system must be able to extract the location, range and distribution of fires in forests and fields from a large scale image database quickly with high accuracy. In order to achieve high search response time and to improve the accuracy of the analysis, we propose a forest and field fire search system which implements a) a parallel distributed system configuration using multiple PC clusters, and b) MOD02, MOD03 and MOD09 process levels of MODIS data for input data which provide higher resolution and more accurate readings than the standard MOD14 process level data.

scholarly journals Observations of Supermicron-Sized Aerosols Originating from Biomass Burning in South Central Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Marie Miller ◽  
Greg M. McFarquhar ◽  
Robert M. Rauber ◽  
Joseph R. O'Brien ◽  
Siddhant Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Submicron Particles ◽  
Back Trajectories ◽  
Active Fire ◽  
South Central ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

Abstract. During the three years of the ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS (ORACLES) campaign, the NASA Orion P-3 was equipped with a 2D-Stereo (2D-S) probe that imaged particles with maximum dimension (D) ranging from 10 < D < 1280 µm. The 2D-S recorded supermicron-sized aerosol particles (SAPs) outside of clouds within biomass burning plumes during flights over the Southeast Atlantic off Africa’s coast. Numerous SAPs with 10 < D < 1520 µm were observed in 2017 and 2018 at altitudes between 1230 m and 3500 m, 1000 km from the coastline mostly between 7–11° S. No SAPs were observed in 2016 as flights were conducted further south and further from the coastline. Number concentrations of black carbon (rBC) measured by a single particle soot photometer ranged from 200 to 1200 cm−3 when SAPs were observed. Transmission electron microscopy images of submicron particulates, collected on Holey carbon grid filters, revealed particles with potassium salts, black carbon and organics while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy spectra detected potassium, a tracer for biomass burning, indicating that the submicron particles originated from biomass burning in addition to black carbon. NOAA Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) three-day back trajectories show a source in northern Angola for times when large SAPs were observed. Fire Information for Resource Management System Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 6 active fire maps showed extensive biomass burning at these locations. Given the back trajectories, the high number concentrations of rBC, and the presence of elemental tracers indicative of biomass burning, it is hypothesized that the SAPs imaged by the 2D-S are examples of unburned plant material previously seen in biomass burning smoke close to the source.

Biomass burning in the southern hemisphere UTLS: GLORIA trace gas observations during SouthTRAC 2019 to evaluate the CAMS model 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sören Johansson ◽  
Michael Höpfner ◽  
Felix Friedl-Vallon ◽  
Norbert Glatthor ◽  
Jörn Ungermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
The South ◽  
Hysplit Model ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Airborne Imaging

&lt;p&gt;We present trace gas measurements obtained by the airborne imaging limb sounder GLORIA&amp;#160;(Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere) that has been operated onboard the German HALO (High Altitude and Long Range) research aircraft above the South Atlantic during the SouthTRAC campaign between September and November 2019. We show retrieval results as two-dimensional trace-gas distributions derived from GLORIA observations in the UTLS (Upper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere) region above South America and the Atlantic Ocean. Targeted gases are, amongst others, O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, HNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, PAN, C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;, and HCOOH. Using trajectories from the HYSPLIT model, measured pollution trace gas plumes are linked to possible regions of origin. Emission sources are connected to large scale biomass burning events in central Africa, South America and Australia. In our contribution, we compare these GLORIA measurements with results of the CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) reanalysis model. We show that there are very delicate structures of pollutant trace gas distributions in the South Atlantic UTLS, and that CAMS generally is able to reproduce measured distributions of pollutants. Quantitatively, PAN volume mixing ratios are captured quite well by the model, which however underestimates the concentrations of C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt; and in particular of HCOOH. Furthermore, biomass burning emissions from the beginning of the intensive Australian fires in November 2019, which are measured by GLORIA in thin filaments are not reproduced by the model.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals A new transport mechanism of biomass burning from Indochina as identified by modeling studies

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 7901-7911 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-Y. Lin ◽  
H.-m. Hsu ◽  
Y. H. Lee ◽  
C. H. Kuo ◽  
Y.-F. Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Transport Mechanism ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Indochina Peninsula ◽  
Active Fire ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

Abstract. Biomass burning in the Indochina Peninsula (Indochina) is one of the important ozone sources in the low troposphere over East Asia in springtime. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data show that 20 000 or more active fire detections occurred annually in spring only from 2000 to 2007. In our tracer modeling study, we identify a new mechanism transporting the tracer over Indochina that is significantly different from the vertical transport mechanism over the equatorial areas such as Indonesia and Malaysia. Simulation results demonstrate that the leeside troughs over Indochina play a dominant role in the uplift of the tracer below 3 km, and that the strong westerlies prevailing above 3 km transport the tracer. These fundamental mechanisms have a major impact on the air quality downwind from Indochina over East Asia. The climatological importance of such a leeside trough is also discussed.

scholarly journals Indirect Assessment of Sedimentation in Hydropower Dams Using MODIS Remote Sensing Images

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Condé ◽  
Jean-Michel Martinez ◽  
Marco Pessotto ◽  
Raúl Villar ◽  
Gérard Cochonneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Trapping Efficiency ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Independent Field ◽  
Hydropower Dams ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
Sedimentation Processes

In this study, we used moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite images to quantify the sedimentation processes in a cascade of six hydropower dams along a 700-km transect in the Paranapanema River in Brazil. Turbidity field measurement acquired over 10 years were used to calibrate a turbidity retrieval algorithm based on MODIS surface reflectance products. An independent field dataset was used to validate the remote sensing estimates showing fine accuracy (RMSE of 9.5 NTU, r = 0.75, N = 138). By processing 13 years of MODIS images since 2000, we showed that satellite data can provide robust turbidity monitoring over the entire transect and can identify extreme sediment discharge events occurring on daily to annual scales. We retrieved the decrease in the water turbidity as a function of distance within each reservoir that is related to sedimentation processes. The remote sensing-retrieved turbidity decrease within the reservoirs ranged from 2 to 62% making possible to infer the reservoir type and operation (storage versus run-of-river reservoirs). The reduction in turbidity assessed from space presented a good relationship with conventional sediment trapping efficiency calculations, demonstrating the potential use of this technology for monitoring the intensity of sedimentation processes within reservoirs and at large scale.

scholarly journals Forecasting Carbon Monoxide on a Global Scale for the ATom-1 Aircraft Mission: Insights from Airborne and Satellite Observations and Modeling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Strode ◽  
Junhua Liu ◽  
Leslie Lait ◽  
Róisín Commane ◽  
Bruce Daube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Optical Thickness ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Aerosol Optical Thickness ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
Typical Summer

Abstract. GEOS-5 forecasts and analyses show considerable skill in predicting and simulating the CO distribution and the timing of CO enhancements observed during the ATom-1 aircraft mission. Using tagged tracers for CO, we find a dominant contribution from non-biomass burning sources along the ATom transects except over the tropical Atlantic, where African biomass burning makes a large contribution to the CO concentration. One of the goals of ATom is to provide a chemical climatology over the oceans, so it is important to consider whether August 2016 was representative of typical summer conditions. Using satellite observations of 700 hPa and column CO from the Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument, 215 hPa CO from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), and aerosol optical thickness from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), we find that CO concentrations and aerosol optical thickness in August 2016 were within the observed range of the satellite observations, but below the decadal median for many of the regions sampled. This suggests that the ATom-1 measurements may represent relatively clean but not exceptional conditions for lower tropospheric CO.

Southeast Pacific Stratocumulus: High-Frequency Variability and Mesoscale Structures over San Félix Island

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Painemal ◽  
René Garreaud ◽  
José Rutllant ◽  
Paquita Zuidema
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Mesoscale Structures ◽  
High Frequency Variability ◽  
Southeast Pacific ◽  
Modis Imagery ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

Abstract Stratocumulus cloud cover patterns and their relationship to drizzle were characterized at San Felix Island (SFI; 26.5°S, 80°W) in the southeast Pacific Ocean. Small closed, large closed, and open cells were identified in about 65% of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite images during 2003. The MODIS imagery was combined with ceilometer and surface meteorological measurements, human observations of cloud types and drizzle, and large-scale meteorological analyses for January through June. The authors identified two drizzle regimes: a synoptically quiescent summer (January–March) regime characterized by a strong anticyclone, large closed cells, and frequent drizzle, and an autumn (April–June) regime characterized by a weaker anticyclone, small closed cells and open cells, and precipitation that was mainly associated with synoptic activity. The large closed cells had higher mean cloud bases and tops than the small closed cells and accounted for 45% of the cumulus-under-stratocumulus reports and 29% of the total drizzle and rain reports. Large closed cells occupied more intermittently coupled boundary layers than did the small closed cells. Open cells also occurred in more decoupled conditions but only accounted for 18% of the total reports of drizzle and rain. The atmospheric stability of large and small closed cells was similar, but large closed cells were more commonly associated with a strong anticyclone, and small closed cells with wave activity superimposed upon a weakened anticyclone. The increased drizzle and occurrence of cumulus-under-stratocumulus in the summer rather than autumn is consistent with higher nighttime liquid water paths. A contribution of this study is the documentation of the ways in which synoptic activity can affect stratocumulus decks.

scholarly journals Analysis of Near-Cloud Changes in Atmospheric Aerosols Using Satellite Observations and Global Model Simulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1151
Author(s):  
Tamás Várnai ◽  
Alexander Marshak
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Orthogonal Polarization ◽  
Atmospheric Models ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Modern Era

This paper examines cloud-related variations of atmospheric aerosols that occur in partly cloudy regions containing low-altitude clouds. The goal is to better understand aerosol behaviors and to help better represent the radiative effects of aerosols on climate. For this, the paper presents a statistical analysis of a multi-month global dataset that combines data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) satellite instruments with data from the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) global reanalysis. Among other findings, the results reveal that near-cloud enhancements in lidar backscatter (closely related to aerosol optical depth) are larger (1) over land than ocean by 35%, (2) near optically thicker clouds by substantial amounts, (3) for sea salt than for other aerosol types, with the difference from dust reaching 50%. Finally, the study found that mean lidar backscatter is higher near clouds not because of large-scale variations in meteorological conditions, but because of local processes associated with individual clouds. The results help improve our understanding of aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions and our ability to represent them in climate models and other atmospheric models.

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