scholarly journals SCIAMACHY validation by aircraft remote sensing: design, execution, and first measurement results of the SCIA-VALUE mission

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1273-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fix ◽  
G. Ehret ◽  
H. Flentje ◽  
G. Poberaj ◽  
M. Gottwald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Visible Spectral Range ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Satellite Validation ◽  
Observation Strategy ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Research Aircraft ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
First Time

Abstract. For the first time three different remote sensing instruments – a sub-millimeter radiometer, a differential optical absorption spectrometer in the UV-visible spectral range, and a lidar – were deployed aboard DLR's meteorological research aircraft Falcon 20 to validate a large number of SCIAMACHY level 2 and off-line data products such as O3, NO2, N2O, BrO, OClO, H2O, aerosols, and clouds. Within two validation campaigns of the SCIA-VALUE mission (SCIAMACHY VALidation and Utilization Experiment) extended latitudinal cross-sections stretching from polar regions to the tropics as well as longitudinal cross sections at polar latitudes at about 70° N and the equator were generated. This contribution gives an overview over the campaigns performed and reports on the observation strategy for achieving the validation goals. We also emphasize the synergetic use of the novel set of aircraft instrumentation and the usefulness of this innovative suite of remote sensing instruments for satellite validation.

scholarly journals SCIAMACHY validation by aircraft remote measurements: design, execution, and first results of the SCIA-VALUE mission

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 8381-8423
Author(s):  
A. Fix ◽  
G. Ehret ◽  
H. Flentje ◽  
G. Poberaj ◽  
M. Gottwald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Visible Spectral Range ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Satellite Validation ◽  
Observation Strategy ◽  
First Results ◽  
Research Aircraft ◽  
Remote Measurements ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract. For the first time three different remote sensing instruments – a sub-millimeter radiometer, a differential optical absorption spectrometer in the UV-visible spectral range, and a lidar – were deployed aboard DLR's meteorological research aircraft Falcon 20 to validate a large number of SCIAMACHY level 2 and off-line data products such as O3, NO2, N2O, BrO, OClO, H2O, aerosols, and clouds. Within two main validation campaigns of the SCIA-VALUE mission (SCIAMACHY VALidation and Utilization Experiment) extended latitudinal cross-sections stretching from polar regions to the tropics as well as longitudinal cross sections at polar latitudes at about 70° N and the equator have been generated. This contribution gives an overview over the campaigns performed and reports on the observation strategy for achieving the validation goals. We also emphasize the synergetic use of the novel set of aircraft instrumentation and the usefulness of this innovative suite of remote sensing instruments for satellite validation.

scholarly journals Introduction: The 11th International Circumpolar Remote Sensing Symposium

Polar Record ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth Rees
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Polar Research Institute ◽  
Cross Platform ◽  
Sustained Effort ◽  
Remote Sensing Symposium ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Oral Presentations ◽  
First Time ◽  
Made In

The 11th International Circumpolar Remote Sensing Symposium (ICRSS) was held at the Scott Polar Research Institute in Cambridge from 20 to 24 September 2010. The ICRSS series began in Yellowknife in 1990 and has been held biennially since then. The 2010 meeting was the sixth time it had been held in Europe and the second time in the UK, but the first time in Cambridge. 35 people attended the meeting, from 11 countries, and over 20 oral presentations were made in addition to a well-attended poster session. The majority of the oral presentations have been developed into papers and appear in this issue of Polar Record, having been subjected to the normal peer review and editorial process, and they give a fair idea of the range of topics covered at this lively meeting. Sessions at the symposium were organised around the themes of cross-platform observations, ice and snow, topography, vegetation and observations of animals. The last theme produced three fascinating presentations on the monitoring of penguins, seals and fish from spaceborne and airborne platforms. The papers in this issue address two broad areas: terrestrial ice and snow, and high-latitude vegetation (sea ice, and polar zoology, were also represented at the meeting). All of them deal to a greater or lesser extent with technological innovation in assessing, mapping and monitoring these aspects of the polar regions, and several of them focus strongly on the development of new methods, or the assessment of newly available datasets. This issue of Polar Record thus provides a limited snapshot of the ‘state of the art’ in remote sensing of polar regions. It is the result of sustained effort by the authors of the papers, and the team of anonymous reviewers. I am glad here to record my gratitude to all of them, and to the helpers at the symposium, particularly Katya Shipigina, Allen Pope and Claire Lampitt.

Genetic Diversity of Basil (Ocimum spp. - Lamiaceae) Based on RAPD Markers and Volatile Oil Constituents

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 492f-493
Author(s):  
Roberto F. Vieira ◽  
James E. Simon ◽  
Peter Goldsbrough ◽  
Antonio Figueira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
High Degree ◽  
First Time

Essential oils extracted from basil (Ocimum spp.) by steam distillation are used to flavor foods, oral products, in fragrances, and in traditional medicines. The genus Ocimum contains around 30 species native to the tropics and subtropics, with some species naturalized and/or cultivated in temperate areas. Interand intraspecific hybridization have created significant confusion in the botanical systematics of this genus. Taxonomy of basil (O. basilicum) is also complicated by the existence of numerous varieties, cultivars, and chemotypes within the species that do not differ significantly in morphology. In this study we are using RAPD markers and volatile oil composition to characterize the genetic diversity among the most economically important Ocimum species. We hypothesize that the genetic similarity revealed by molecular markers will more accurately reflect the morphological and chemical differences in Ocimum than essential oil composition per se. Preliminary research using five Ocimum species, four undetermined species, and eight varieties of O. basilicum (a total of 19 accessions) generated 107 polymorphic fragments amplified with 19 primers. RAPDs are able to discriminate between Ocimum species, but show a high degree of similarity between O. basilicum varieties. The genetic distance between nine species and among 55 accessions within the species O. americanum, O. basilicum, O. campechianum, O. × citriodorum, O. gratissimum, O. kilimandscharium, O. minimum, O. selloi, and O. tenuiflorum will be analyzed by matrix of similarity and compared to the volatile oil profile. This research will for the first time apply molecular markers to characterize the genetic diversity of Ocimum associate with volatile oil constituent.

The Mechanics of the Secondary Flows of Viscoelastic Fluids in Non-Circular Straight Tubes and the Mean Transversal Field in Pulsating Flows

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis A. Siginer ◽  
Mario F. Letelier
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Flow ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Viscoelastic Fluids ◽  
Secondary Flows ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Transversal Field ◽  
Time Domains ◽  
Viscoelastic Liquids ◽  
First Time ◽  
Secondary Flow Field

Abstract A survey of secondary flows of viscoelastic liquids in straight tubes is given including recent work pointing at striking analogies with transversal deformations associated with the simple shearing of solid materials. The importance and implications of secondary flows of viscoelastic fluids in heat transfer enhancement are explored together with the difficulties in detecting weak secondary flows (dilute, weakly viscoelastic solutions) in a laboratory setting. Recent new work by the author and colleagues which explores for the first time the structure of the secondary flow field in the pulsating flow of a constitutively nonlinear simple fluid, whose structure is defined by a series of nested integrals over semi-infinite time domains, in straight tubes of arbitrary cross-sections is summarized. The transversal field arises at the second order of the perturbation of the nonlinear constitutive structure, and is driven by first order terms which define the linearly viscoelastic longitudinal flow in the hierarchy of superposed linear flows stemming from the perturbation of the constitutive structure. Arbitrary conduit contours are obtained through a novel approach to the concept of domain perturbation. Time averaged, mean secondary flow streamline contours are presented for the first time for triangular, square and hexagonal pipes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of MUSICA IASI tropospheric water vapour profiles using theoretical error assessments and comparisons to GRUAN Vaisala RS92 measurements

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4981-5006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Borger ◽  
Matthias Schneider ◽  
Benjamin Ertl ◽  
Frank Hase ◽  
Omaira E. García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Systematic Difference ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Dry Bias

Abstract. Volume mixing ratio water vapour profiles have been retrieved from IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) spectra using the MUSICA (MUlti-platform remote Sensing of Isotopologues for investigating the Cycle of Atmospheric water) processor. The retrievals are done for IASI observations that coincide with Vaisala RS92 radiosonde measurements performed in the framework of the GCOS (Global Climate Observing System) Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) in three different climate zones: the tropics (Manus Island, 2° S), mid-latitudes (Lindenberg, 52° N), and polar regions (Sodankylä, 67° N). The retrievals show good sensitivity with respect to the vertical H2O distribution between 1 km above ground and the upper troposphere. Typical DOFS (degrees of freedom for signal) values are about 5.6 for the tropics, 5.1 for summertime mid-latitudes, 3.8 for wintertime mid-latitudes, and 4.4 for summertime polar regions. The errors of the MUSICA IASI water vapour profiles have been theoretically estimated considering the contribution of many different uncertainty sources. For all three climate regions, unrecognized cirrus clouds and uncertainties in atmospheric temperature have been identified as the most important error sources and they can reach about 25 %. The MUSICA IASI water vapour profiles have been compared to 100 individual coincident GRUAN water vapour profiles. The systematic difference between the data is within 11 % below 12 km altitude; however, at higher altitudes the MUSICA IASI data show a dry bias with respect to the GRUAN data of up to 21 %. The scatter is largest close to the surface (30 %), but never exceeds 21 % above 1 km altitude. The comparison study documents that the MUSICA IASI retrieval processor provides H2O profiles that capture the large variations in H2O volume mixing ratio profiles well from 1 km above ground up to altitudes close to the tropopause. Above 5 km the observed scatter with respect to GRUAN data is in reasonable agreement with the combined MUSICA IASI and GRUAN random errors. The increased scatter at lower altitudes might be explained by surface emissivity uncertainties at the summertime continental sites of Lindenberg and Sodankylä, and the upper tropospheric dry bias might suggest deficits in correctly modelling the spectroscopic line shapes of water vapour.

First Results from the VULCAN Diffractometer at the SNS

2010 ◽  
Vol 652 ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.L. Wang ◽  
Thomas Holden ◽  
A.D. Stoica ◽  
K. An ◽  
H.D. Skorpenske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Beam ◽  
Research Opportunities ◽  
Instrument Performance ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
First Results ◽  
Design Calculations ◽  
New Research ◽  
First Time

On Friday June 26, 2009, the neutron beam shutter for the VULCAN diffractometer at the SNS was opened for the first time. Initial measurements to characterize the instrument performance are reported. It is shown that the measurement results are by and large in agreement with design calculations. New research opportunities with VULCAN are discussed.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of a Nanomaterial-Based Thermoelectric Generator with Tapered Legs

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Marilyn A. Ebiringa ◽  
John Paul Adimonyemma ◽  
Chika Maduabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Thermoelectric Generator ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Ansys Software ◽  
Thermoelectric Effects ◽  
Trapezoidal Shape ◽  
Solar Radiation Intensity ◽  
Geometry Configuration ◽  
First Time

A thermoelectric generator (TEG) converts thermal energy to electricity using thermoelectric effects. The amount of electrical energy produced is dependent on the thermoelectric material properties. Researchers have applied nanomaterials to TEG systems to further improve the device’s efficiency. Furthermore, the geometry of the thermoelectric legs has been varied from rectangular to trapezoidal and even X-cross sections to improve TEG’s performance further. However, up to date, a nanomaterial TEG that uses tapered thermoelectric legs has not been developed before. The most efficient nanomaterial TEGs still make use of the conventional rectangular leg geometry. Hence, for the first time since the conception of nanostructured thermoelectrics, we introduce a trapezoidal shape configuration in the device design. The leg geometries were simulated using ANSYS software and the results were post-processed in the MATLAB environment. The results show that the power density of the nanoparticle X-leg TEG was 10 times greater than that of the traditional bulk material semiconductor X-leg TEG. In addition, the optimum leg geometry configuration in a nanomaterial-based TEG is dependent on the operating solar radiation intensity.

scholarly journals Molecular-level evidence for marine aerosol nucleation of iodic acid and methanesulfonic acid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Ning ◽  
Ling Liu ◽  
Lin Ji ◽  
Xiuhui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Methanesulfonic Acid ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Nucleation Mechanism ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Iodic Acid ◽  
Quantum Chemical Approach ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Both iodic acid (HIO3, IA) and methanesulfonic acid (CH3S(O)2OH, MSA) have been identified by field studies as important precursors of new particle formation (NPF) in marine areas. However, the mechanism of NPF in which IA and MSA are jointly involved is still unclear. Hence, we investigated the IA-MSA nucleation system under different atmospheric conditions and uncovered the corresponding nucleating mechanism at a molecular level for the first time using quantum chemical approach and Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code (ACDC). The findings showed that MSA can stabilize IA clusters via both hydrogen and halogen bonds. Moreover, the joint nucleation rate of IA-MSA system is significantly higher than that of IA self-nucleation, particularly in relatively cold marine regions with sparse IA and rich MSA. For the IA-MSA nucleation mechanism, in addition to self-nucleation of IA, the IA-MSA-involved clusters can also directly participate in the nucleation process, and their contribution is particularly prominent in the polar regions with rich MSA and sparse IA. The IA-MSA nucleation mechanism revealed in this work may help to elucidate some missing sources of marine NPF.

scholarly journals Thermal Analysis and Optimization of the Phase Diagram of the Cu-Ag Sulfide System

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Fiseha Tesfaye ◽  
Daniel Lindberg ◽  
Dmitry Sukhomlinov ◽  
Pekka Taskinen ◽  
Leena Hupa
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Thermodynamic Quantities ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
High Temperature Reaction ◽  
Fusion Data ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Pure Substances ◽  
Factsage Software ◽  
First Time

Thermal stabilities of selected ternary phases of industrial interest in the Ag-Cu-S system have been studied by the calorimetric and electromotive force techniques. The ternary compounds Ag1.2Cu0.8S (mineral mackinstryite) and AgCuS (mineral stromeyerite) were equilibrated through high-temperature reaction of the pure Cu2S and Ag2S in an inert atmosphere. The synthesized single solid sample constituting the two ternary phases was ground into fine powders and lightly pressed into pellets before calorimetric measurements. An electrochemical cell incorporating the two equilibrated phase and additional CuS as a cathode material was employed. The measurement results obtained with both techniques were analyzed and thermodynamic properties in the system have been determined and compared with the available literature values. Enthalpy of fusion data of the Ag-richer solid solution (Ag,Cu)2S have also been determined directly from the experimental data for the first time. The thermodynamic quantities determined in this work can be used to calculate thermal energy of processes involving the Ag-Cu-S-ternary phases. By applying the obtained results and the critically evaluated literature data, we have developed a thermodynamic database. The self-developed database was combined with the latest pure substances database of the FactSage software package to model the phase diagram of the Ag2S-Cu2S system.

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