scholarly journals Iodine and bromine speciation in snow and the effect of orographically induced precipitation

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 2661-2669 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Gilfedder ◽  
M. Petri ◽  
H. Biester
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Total Iodine ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Snow Crystals

Abstract. Iodine is an essential trace element for all mammals and may also influence climate through new aerosol formation. Atmospheric bromine cycling is also important due to its well-known ozone depletion capabilities. Despite precipitation being the ultimate source of iodine in the terrestrial environment, the processes effecting its distribution, speciation and transport are relatively unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of orographically induced precipitation on iodine concentrations in snow and also to quantify the inorganic and organic iodine and bromine species. Snow samples were collected over an altitude profile (~840 m) from the northern Black Forest and were analysed by ion-chromatography - inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (IC-ICP-MS) for iodine and bromine species and trace metals (ICP-MS). All elements and species concentrations in snow showed significant (r2>0.65) exponential decrease relationships with altitude despite the short (5 km) horizontal distance of the transect. In fact, total iodine more than halved (38 to 13 nmol/l) over the 840 m height change. The results suggest that orographic lifting and subsequent precipitation has a major influence on iodine concentrations in snow. This orographically induced removal effect may be more important than lateral distance from the ocean in determining iodine concentrations in terrestrial precipitation. The microphysical removal process was common to all elements indicating that the iodine and bromine are internally mixed within the snow crystals. We also show that organically bound iodine is the dominant iodine species in snow (61–75%), followed by iodide. Iodate was only found in two samples despite a detection limit of 0.3 nmol/l. Two unknown but most likely anionic organo-I species were also identified in IC-ICP-MS chromatograms and comprised 2–10% of the total iodine. The majority of the bromine was inorganic bromide with a max. of 32% organo-Br.

scholarly journals Iodine and Bromine speciation in snow and the effect of elevation

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 995-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Gilfedder ◽  
M. Petri ◽  
H. Biester
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Total Iodine ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Height Change ◽  
Snow Samples

Abstract. Iodine is an essential trace element for all mammals and may also influence climate through new aerosol formation. Atmospheric bromine cycling is also important due to its well-known ozone depletion capabilities. Despite precipitation being the ultimate source of iodine in the terrestrial environment, the processes effecting the distribution, speciation and transport of these elements are relatively unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of orographic lifting on iodine concentrations and also quantify inorganic and organic iodine and bromine species. Snow samples were collected over an altitude profile (~800 m) from the northern Black Forest and were analysed (IC-ICP-MS) for iodine and bromine species and trace metals (ICP-MS). All elements and species showed a significant (r2>0.65) inverse relationship with altitude despite the short (5 km) horizontal distance of the transect. In fact, total iodine more than halved (38 to 13 nmol/l) over the 800 m height change. The results suggest that orographic lifting of cloud masses has a major influence on iodine levels in precipitation and is perhaps more important than lateral distances in determining iodine concentrations in terrestrial precipitation. The microphysical removal process was common to all elements. We also show that organically bound iodine is the dominant iodine species in snow (61–75%), followed by iodide. Iodate was only found in two samples despite a detection limit of 0.3 nmol/l. Two unknown but most likely anionic organo-I species were also identified in IC-ICP-MS chromatograms and comprised 2–10% of the total iodine. The majority of the bromine was inorganic bromide with a max.~of 32% organo-Br.

A procedure for the quantification of total iodine by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and its application to the determination of iodine in algae sampled in the lagoon of Venice

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (41) ◽  
pp. 7545-7551 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Badocco ◽  
V. Di Marco ◽  
A. Piovan ◽  
R. Caniato ◽  
P. Pastore
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Lagoon Of Venice ◽  
Total Iodine ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Set Up

A new ICP-MS procedure was set up, and it was used to perform iodine biomonitoring in seaweeds growing in Venice.

scholarly journals Coupled Substitutions of Minor and Trace Elements in Co-Existing Sphalerite and Wurtzite

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Pring ◽  
Benjamin Wade ◽  
Aoife McFadden ◽  
Claire E. Lenehan ◽  
Nigel J. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Trace Element Chemistry ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Coupled Substitution ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Growth Zoning

The nature of couple substitutions of minor and trace element chemistry of expitaxial intergrowths of wurtzite and sphalerite are reported. EPMA and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses display significant differences in the bulk chemistries of the two epitaxial intergrowth samples studied. The sample from the Animas-Chocaya Mine complex of Bolivia is Fe-rich with mean Fe levels of 4.8 wt% for wurztite-2H and 2.3 wt% for the sphalerite component, while the sample from Merelani Hills, Tanzania, is Mn-rich with mean Mn levels in wurztite-4H of 9.1 wt% and for the sphalerite component 7.9 wt% In both samples studied the wurtzite polytype is dominant over sphalerite. LA-ICP-MS line scans across the boundaries between the wurtzite and sphalerite domains within the two samples show significant variation in the trace element chemistries both between and within the two coexisting polytypes. In the Merelani Hills sample the Cu+ + Ga3+ = 2Zn2+ substitution holds across both the wurztite and sphalerite zones, but its levels range from around 1200 ppm of each of Cu and Ga to above 2000 ppm in the sphalerite region. The 2Ag+ + Sn4+ = 3Zn2+ coupled substitution does not occur in the material. In the Animas sample, the Cu+ + Ga3+ = 2Zn2+ substitution does not occur, but the 2(Ag,Cu)+ + Sn4+ = 3Zn2+ substitution holds across the sample despite the obvious growth zoning, although there is considerable variation in the Ag/Cu ratio, with Ag dominant over Cu at the base of the sample and Cu dominant at the top. The levels of 2(Ag,Cu)+ + Sn4+ = 3Zn2+ vary greatly across the sample from around 200 ppm to 8000 ppm Sn, but the higher values occur in the sphalerite bands.

Mechanistic Studies of Chromium Speciation with Thermospray

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1152-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Zhang ◽  
John A. Koropchak
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Chromium Speciation ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Fused Silica Capillary ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Thermospray (TSP) coupled with inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) or inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been developed as a non-chromatographic method for chromium speciation to quantitatively separate and determine two chromium oxidation states: Cr(III) and Cr(VI). The limits of detection can reach 0.5 ng/mL with ICP-AES detection and 50 pg/mL with ICP-MS detection. The basis for this speciation method is that Cr(III) can selectively and nearly quantitatively deposit inside a thermospray system as Cr2O3, while Cr(VI) does not. To fully understand the mechanism of this deposition process, four questions were investigated: is aerosol formation necessary for the reaction to occur? Does the deposition occur in the aerosol or liquid regime? Does the deposit tend to be retained on the surface of the fused silica capillary? Can the reaction be predicted from thermodynamic calculations? These studies show that this reaction happens before solvent evaporates (i.e., the liquid regime). The high temperature inside the thermospray system is the major factor triggering this reaction. At the same time, the high pressure is important for its influence on the solvent boiling point, which affects the residence time (the time that the analyte spends in the solution before the solvent evaporates) and the kinetics of the reaction. The effects of the other parameters (vaporizer length, heating length, drawn tip, etc.) on the efficiency of the deposition reaction, represented as background residual signal (BRS), were also studied.

scholarly journals Trace elements characterisation in floodplain soils underlain by crystalline rocks, akure, southwestern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asowata I.T ◽  
Omokolade O.G
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Floodplain Soils ◽  
Plasma Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Two Samples

The results of the floodplain soils study on the spatial distribution of selected trace elements in top soils (0 – 30 cm) and sub soils (> 30 – 100 cm) near Ala River, Akure metropolis, are reported. The objectives of this study are to determine the concentration of trace elements in the top and bottom soils, and identify the possible enrichment sources of these elements in the floodplain area. Forty two samples (top soil 21; sub soil 21) were collected for the study. The samples were air dried at room temperature, disaggregated and sieved using 53 µg mesh size. The prepared samples were further digested using modified aqua regia of (1:1:1 HNO3: HCL: H2O). The digests were subjected to elemental analysis using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Emission Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The trace elements concentration in ppm exhibited the following distribution pattern. Cu range in ppm from 6.0 – 53.0 mean 27.43; Pb, 10.0 – 165.0, mean 58.43; Zn, 29.0 – 479.0 mean 223.1; Ni, 10.0 – 20.0, mean 14.86; Co, 16.0 – 33.0, mean 24.29; Mn, 250.0 – 1615.0, mean 983.29; Th 9.0 – 19.0, mean 14.43; V, 35.0 – 89.0, mean 73.05; La 26.0 – 84.0, mean 56.76 and Cr 11.0 – 60.0 mean 40.43. While the result for the sub soils range in ppm, Cu from 3.0 – 51.0, mean 21.24; Pb, 7.0 – 208.0, mean 56.33; Zn, 21.0 - 460.0. mean 149.14; Ni, 8.0 – 29.0, mean 13.76; Co, 12.0 – 37.0, mean 23.95; Mn, 138.0 – 2283.0, mean 806.43; Th 9.0 – 28.0, mean 17.48; V, 40.0 – 105.0, mean 68.71; La 25.0 – 96.0, mean 61.00 and Cr 12.0 – 58.0 mean 35.38. The results of both the top soils and sub soils showed higher concentration metal enrichment than the average shale values. The relative elemental mean concentration is such that Mn> Zn > V > La > Pb > Cr > Co > Cu > Th > Ni in that order. Elements such as Cu, Zn, Pb, V, Mn, Th and Cr had relatively moderate to very strong correlation coefficient (r = 0.54 0.97) with each other, which apparently indicate that these elements are of same source of enrichment in the floodplain. Pb, Zn, V, La, Th and Cr are elements that are of significant environmental concerns.   

scholarly journals Estimation of Heavy Metals in Some Indian Black Tea Leaves by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) and Associated Health Risks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Rohilla ◽  
Gambheer Singh Kathait ◽  
Don Biswas ◽  
Prashant Thapliyal ◽  
Bharti Ruhela
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Trace Amount ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Two Samples

Background: Some of the heavy metals are considered beneficial, if intake of them is within permissible trace amount and some other are highly toxic even in trace amount. So, heavy metals intake is one of the major concerns. Heavy metals enter into body via air, water, food, clothing and some of them gets accumulate in body organs this leads to many disorders and causes life threatening diseases including cancer. All of our food comes from plants directly or indirectly. Tea the highly consuming beverage after water comes from the leaves of plant/shrub Camellia Sinensis. Methods: Aim of the present work is to determine the elements present in Tea brew (Chai, boiling the Tea leaves in water) made from black Tea leaves of major brands available in local Indian market, more specifically heavy metals Cobalt (Co), Arsenic (As), Silver (Ag), Cadmium (Cd), Indium (In), mercury (Hg) and Lead (Pb). Total eleven samples were investigated with the instrument Perkin Elmer NexIon-300x Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Result: Results have shown that Cobalt, Arsenic, Cadmium, Indium and Lead were present in all samples. Cobalt concentration varies from lowest 71.9 µg/kg to highest 214.3 µg/kg; Arsenic concentration varies from lowest 1.2 µg/kg to highest 53.7 µg/kg; Cadmium concentration varies from lowest 15.4 µg/kg to highest 75.03 µg/kg; Indium concentration varies from lowest 0.054 µg/kg to highest 0.70 µg/kg; Lead concentration varies from lowest 61.0 µg/kg to highest 2404.3 µg/kg. Mercury was present in two samples only in S9 and S11 with concentration 6.2 µg/kg and 1.4 µg/kg respectively; Out of eleven samples only seven samples have shown the presence of Silver its concentration varies from lowest 10.3 µg/kg to highest 193.0 µg/kg; Samples S2, S7, S8 and S10 were shown the absence of Silver and Mercury; Lead was found to be most abundant with concentration 2404.3 µg/kg and Indium was found to be least abundant with concentration 0.054 µg/kg.

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