scholarly journals Estimation of Antarctic ozone loss from Ground-based total column measurements

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 7641-7674
Author(s):  
J. Kuttippurath ◽  
F. Goutail ◽  
J.-P. Pommereau ◽  
F. Lefèvre ◽  
H. K. Roscoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Ozone ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Macquarie Island ◽  
Ozone Loss ◽  
Antarctic Ozone ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Ozone Column ◽  
Total Column ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. The passive ozone method is used to estimate ozone loss from ground-based measurements in the Antarctic. A sensitivity study shows that the O3 loss can be estimated within an accuracy of ~4%. The method is then applied to the observations from Amundsen-Scott/South Pole, Arrival Heights, Belgrano, Concordia, Dumont d'Urville, Faraday, Halley, Marambio, Neumayer, Rothera, Syowa and Zhongshan for the diagnosis of ozone loss in the Antarctic. On average, the five-day running mean of the vortex averaged ozone column loss deduced from the ground-based stations shows about 53% in 2009, 59% in 2008, 55% in 2007, 56% in 2006 and 61% in 2005. The observed O3 loss and loss rates are in very good agreement with the satellite observations (Ozone Monitoring Instrument and Sciamachy) and are well reproduced by the model (Reprobus and SLIMCAT) calculations. The historical ground-based total ozone measurements show that the depletion started in the late 1970s, reached a maximum in the early 1990s, stabilising afterwards at this level until present, with the exception of 2002, the year of an early vortex break-up. There is no indication of significant recovery yet. At southern mid-latitudes, a total ozone reduction of 40–50% is observed at the newly installed station Rio Gallegos and 25–35% at Kerguelen in October–November of 2008–2009 and 2005–2009 (except 2008) respectively, and of 10–20% at Macquarie Island in July–August of 2006–2009. This illustrates the significance of measurements at the edges of Antarctica.

scholarly journals Estimation of Antarctic ozone loss from ground-based total column measurements

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 6569-6581 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kuttippurath ◽  
F. Goutail ◽  
J.-P. Pommereau ◽  
F. Lefèvre ◽  
H. K. Roscoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Macquarie Island ◽  
Ozone Loss ◽  
Antarctic Ozone ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Ozone Column ◽  
Total Column ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. The passive tracer method is used to estimate ozone loss from ground-based measurements in the Antarctic. A sensitivity study shows that the ozone depletion can be estimated within an accuracy of ~4%. The method is then applied to the ground-based observations from Arrival Heights, Belgrano, Concordia, Dumont d'Urville, Faraday, Halley, Marambio, Neumayer, Rothera, South Pole, Syowa, and Zhongshan for the diagnosis of ozone loss in the Antarctic. On average, the ten-day boxcar average of the vortex mean ozone column loss deduced from the ground-based stations was about 55±5% in 2005–2009. The ozone loss computed from the ground-based measurements is in very good agreement with those derived from satellite measurements (OMI and SCIAMACHY) and model simulations (REPROBUS and SLIMCAT), where the differences are within ±3–5%. The historical ground-based total ozone observations in October show that the depletion started in the late 1970s, reached a maximum in the early 1990s and stabilised afterwards due to saturation. There is no indication of ozone recovery yet. At southern mid-latitudes, a reduction of 20–50% is observed for a few days in October–November at the newly installed Rio Gallegos station. Similar depletion of ozone is also observed episodically during the vortex overpasses at Kerguelen in October–November and at Macquarie Island in July–August of the recent winters. This illustrates the significance of measurements at the edges of Antarctica.

scholarly journals Uncertainty analysis of total ozone derived from direct solar irradiance spectra in the presence of unknown spectral deviations

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 3595-3610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Vaskuri ◽  
Petri Kärhä ◽  
Luca Egli ◽  
Julian Gröbner ◽  
Erkki Ikonen
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Monte Carlo Model ◽  
Spectral Irradiance ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
Ozone Column ◽  
Total Column ◽  
Local Noon ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. We demonstrate the use of a Monte Carlo model to estimate the uncertainties in total ozone column (TOC) derived from ground-based direct solar spectral irradiance measurements. The model estimates the effects of possible systematic spectral deviations in the solar irradiance spectra on the uncertainties in retrieved TOC. The model is tested with spectral data measured with three different spectroradiometers at an intercomparison campaign of the research project “Traceability for atmospheric total column ozone” at Izaña, Tenerife on 17 September 2016. The TOC values derived at local noon have expanded uncertainties of 1.3 % (3.6 DU) for a high-end scanning spectroradiometer, 1.5 % (4.4 DU) for a high-end array spectroradiometer, and 4.7 % (13.3 DU) for a roughly adopted instrument based on commercially available components and an array spectroradiometer when correlations are taken into account. When neglecting the effects of systematic spectral deviations, the uncertainties reduce by a factor of 3. The TOC results of all devices have good agreement with each other, within the uncertainties, and with the reference values of the order of 282 DU during the analysed day, measured with Brewer spectrophotometer #183.

scholarly journals The direct fitting approach for total ozone column retrievals: a sensitivity study on GOME-2/MetOp-A measurements

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4429-4451 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wassmann ◽  
T. Borsdorff ◽  
J. M. J. aan de Brugh ◽  
O. P. Hasekamp ◽  
I. Aben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
A Priori Knowledge ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Ozone Profile ◽  
Ozone Column ◽  
Total Column ◽  
Priori Knowledge

Abstract. We present a sensitivity study of the direct fitting approach to retrieve total ozone columns from the clear sky Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment 2/MetOp-A (GOME-2/MetOp-A) measurements between 325 and 335 nm in the period 2007–2010. The direct fitting of the measurement is based on adjusting the scaling of a reference ozone profile and requires accurate simulation of GOME-2 radiances. In this context, we study the effect of three aspects that introduce forward model errors if not addressed appropriately: (1) the use of a clear sky model atmosphere in the radiative transfer demanding cloud filtering, (2) different approximations of Earth's sphericity to address the influence of the solar zenith angle, and (3) the need of polarization in radiative transfer modeling. We conclude that cloud filtering using the operational GOME-2 FRESCO (Fast Retrieval Scheme for Clouds from the Oxygen A band) cloud product, which is part of level 1B data, and the use of pseudo-spherical scalar radiative transfer is fully sufficient for the purpose of this retrieval. A validation with ground-based measurements at 36 stations confirms this showing a global mean bias of −0.1 % with a standard deviation (SD) of 2.7 %. The regularization effect inherent to the profile scaling approach is thoroughly characterized by the total column averaging kernel for each individual retrieval. It characterizes the effect of the particular choice of the ozone profile to be scaled by the inversion and is part of the retrieval product. Two different interpretations of the data product are possible: first, regarding the retrieval product as an estimate of the true column, a direct comparison of the retrieved column with total ozone columns from ground-based measurements can be done. This requires accurate a priori knowledge of the reference ozone profile and the column averaging kernel is not needed. Alternatively, the retrieval product can be interpreted as an effective column defined by the total column averaging kernel. This interpretation relies much less on the a priori knowledge of the reference ozone profile; however, for its validation, measurements of the vertical ozone distribution are needed. The different manners of data interpretation are demonstrated for simulated and real measurements using on-ground ozone column and ozonesonde measurements for validation.

scholarly journals Explorative study on GOME-2 total column ozone retrievals and the validation with ground-based and balloon measurements

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 4917-4971
Author(s):  
A. Wassmann ◽  
T. Borsdorff ◽  
J. M. J. aan de Brugh ◽  
O. P. Hasekamp ◽  
I. Aben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Ozone ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Atmospheric Scattering ◽  
Total Ozone Column ◽  
Ozone Profile ◽  
Polarization Of Light ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ozone Column ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. In this work we present an extensive sensitivity study of retrieved total ozone columns from clear sky Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment 2 (GOME-2) measurements between 325 and 335nm which are corrected for instrument degradation. Employing an algorithm based on the scaling of a reference ozone profile with the extension to analytically calculate total column averaging kernels, allows us to investigate the impact of the choice of the reference profile on the retrieved total ozone column, since it represents a regularization of the retrieval. It introduces an error to the retrieved column with respect to the true column typically in the order of 1% depending on the reference scaling profile. However, a proper interpretation of the retrieved column using the total column averaging kernel avoids this error, which is demonstrated by a validation of GOME-2 total ozone columns with collocated ozonesonde and ground-based total ozone column measurements. Globally, we report a bias of 0.1% and a SD of 2.5% for 647 collocations with ground-based and ozonesonde measurements at different geolocations in the period of 2007 to 2010. Futhermore, an extended validation solely based on ground-based observations and a strict cloud filtering shows that the use of pseudo spherical scalar radiative transfer is fully sufficient for the purpose of this retrieval. Polarization of light by atmospheric scattering affects the retrieval accuracy only marginally and thus can be ignored. Finally, we study the effect of instrument degradation on the retrieved total ozone columns for the first four years of GOME-2 observations and discuss the efficiency of the proposed radiometric correction.

scholarly journals Evolution of the eastward shift in the quasi-stationary minimum of the Antarctic total ozone column

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asen Grytsai ◽  
Gennadi Milinevsky ◽  
Andrew Klekociuk ◽  
Oleksandr Evtushevsky
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Southern Annular Mode ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Austral Spring ◽  
Annular Mode ◽  
Antarctic Ozone ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Ozone Column

Abstract. The quasi-stationary pattern of the Antarctic total ozone has changed during the last four decades, demonstrating an eastward shift in the zonal ozone minimum. In this work, the association between the longitudinal shift of the zonal ozone minimum and changes in meteorological fields in austral spring (September–November) for 1979–2014 is analyzed. Regressive, correlative and anomaly composite analyses are applied to reanalysis data. Patterns of the Southern Annular Mode and quasi-stationary zonal waves 1 and 3 in the meteorological fields show relationships with interannual variability in the longitude of the zonal ozone minimum. On decadal time scales, consistent longitudinal shifts of the zonal ozone minimum and zonal wave 3 pattern in the middle troposphere temperature at the southern mid-latitudes are shown. As known, Antarctic ozone depletion in spring is strongly projected on the Southern Annular Mode in summer and impacts tropospheric climate. The results of this study suggest that changes in zonal ozone asymmetry accompanying the ozone depletion could be associated with regional climate changes in the Southern Hemisphere in spring.

scholarly journals Antarctic ozone loss in 1989–2010: evidence for ozone recovery?

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 10775-10814 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kuttippurath ◽  
F. Lefèvre ◽  
J.-P. Pommereau ◽  
H. K. Roscoe ◽  
F. Goutail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Ozone Loss ◽  
Ozone Trends ◽  
Antarctic Ozone ◽  
Ozone Monitoring ◽  
Antarctic Polar Vortex ◽  
Scanning Imaging ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract. We present a detailed estimation of chemical ozone loss in the Antarctic polar vortex from 1989 to 2010. The analyses include ozone loss estimates for 12 Antarctic ground-based (GB) stations. All GB observations show minimum ozone in the late September–early October period. Among the stations, the lowest minimum ozone values are observed at South Pole and the highest at Dumont d'Urville. The ozone loss starts by mid-June at the vortex edge and then progresses towards the vortex core with time. The loss intensifies in August–September, peaks by the end of September–early October, and recovers thereafter. The average ozone loss in the Antarctic is revealed to be about 33–50% in 1989–1992 in agreement with the increase in halogens during this period, and then stayed at around 48% due to saturation of the loss. The ozone loss in the warmer winters (e.g. 2002, and 2004) is lower (37–46%) and in the colder winters (e.g. 2003, and 2006) is higher (52–55%). Because of small inter-annual variability, the correlation between ozone loss and the volume of polar stratospheric clouds yields ~0.51. The GB ozone and ozone loss values are in good agreement with those found from the space-based observations of the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer/Ozone Monitoring Instrument (TOMS/OMI), the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME), the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY), and the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), where the differences are within ±5% and are mostly within the error bars of the measurements. The piece-wise linear trends computed from the September–November vortex average GB and TOMS/OMI ozone show about −4 to −5.6 DU (Dobson Unit) yr−1 in 1989–1996 and about +1 DU yr−1 in 1997–2010. The trend during the former period is significant at 95% confidence intervals, but the trend in 1997–2010 is significant only at 85% confidence intervals. Our analyses suggest a period of about 9–10 yr to get the first detectable ozone recovery signal at the 95% confidence intervals with the current ozone trends in the Antarctic. Thus, this study reveals that the recovery of the Antarctic ozone is well on course.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Total Ozone Column from Multiple Satellite Measurements in the Antarctic Using the Brewer Spectrophotometer

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1594
Author(s):  
Songkang Kim ◽  
Sang-Jong Park ◽  
Hana Lee ◽  
Dha Hyun Ahn ◽  
Yeonjin Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Austral Spring ◽  
Total Ozone Column ◽  
Brewer Spectrophotometer ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Ozone Column

The ground-based ozone observation instrument, Brewer spectrophotometer (Brewer), was used to evaluate the quality of the total ozone column (TOC) produced by multiple polar-orbit satellite measurements at three stations in Antarctica (King Sejong, Jang Bogo, and Zhongshan stations). While all satellite TOCs showed high correlations with Brewer TOCs (R = ~0.8 to 0.9), there are some TOC differences among satellite data in austral spring, which is mainly attributed to the bias of Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) TOC. The quality of satellite TOCs is consistent between Level 2 and 3 data, implying that “which satellite TOC is used” can induce larger uncertainty than “which spatial resolution is used” for the investigation of the Antarctic TOC pattern. Additionally, the quality of satellite TOC is regionally different (e.g., OMI TOC is a little higher at the King Sejong station, but lower at the Zhongshan station than the Brewer TOC). Thus, it seems necessary to consider the difference of multiple satellite data for better assessing the spatiotemporal pattern of Antarctic TOC.

scholarly journals How sensitive is the recovery of stratospheric ozone to changes in concentrations of very short-lived bromocarbons?

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 10431-10438 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Yang ◽  
N. L. Abraham ◽  
A. T. Archibald ◽  
P. Braesicke ◽  
J. Keeble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Model ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Montreal Protocol ◽  
Background Concentrations ◽  
Future Situation ◽  
Antarctic Ozone ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ozone Column ◽  
Policy Question

Abstract. Naturally produced very short-lived substances (VSLS) account for almost a quarter of the current stratospheric inorganic bromine, Bry. Following VSLS oxidation, bromine radicals (Br and BrO) can catalytically destroy ozone. The extent to which possible increases in surface emissions or transport of these VSLS bromocarbons to the stratosphere could counteract the effect of halogen reductions under the Montreal Protocol is an important policy question. Here, by using a chemistry–climate model, UM-UKCA, we investigate the impact of a hypothetical doubling (an increase of 5 ppt Bry) of VSLS bromocarbons on ozone and how the resulting ozone changes depend on the background concentrations of chlorine and bromine. Our model experiments indicate that for the 5 ppt increase in Bry from VSLS, the ozone decrease in the lowermost stratosphere of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) may reach up to 10% in the annual mean; the ozone decrease in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) is smaller (4–6%). The largest impact on the ozone column is found in the Antarctic spring. There is a significantly larger ozone decrease following the doubling of the VSLS burden under a high stratospheric chlorine background than under a low chlorine background, indicating the importance of the inter-halogen reactions. For example, the decline in the high-latitude, lower-stratospheric ozone concentration as a function of Bry is higher by about 30–40% when stratospheric Cly is ~ 3 ppb (present day), compared with Cly of ~ 0.8 ppb (a pre-industrial or projected future situation). Bromine will play an important role in the future ozone layer. However, even if bromine levels from natural VSLS were to increase significantly later this century, changes in the concentration of ozone will likely be dominated by the decrease in anthropogenic chlorine. Our calculation suggests that for a 5 ppt increase in Bry from VSLS, the Antarctic ozone hole recovery date could be delayed by approximately 6–8 years, depending on Cly levels.

Ozone loss in Antarctica: the implications for global change

1992 ◽  
Vol 338 (1285) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Ozone Loss ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Antarctic Ozone ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Ozone Hole

Although stratospheric ozone loss had been predicted for m any years, the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole was a surprise which necessitated a major rethink in theories of stratospheric chemistry. The new ideas advanced are discussed here. Global ozone loss has now also been reported after careful analysis of satellite and groundbased data sets. The possible causes of this loss are considered. Further advances require a careful coordination of field measurements and large-scale numerical modelling.

Observational evidence of solar activity interaction with chlorine chemistry curbing Antarctic ozone loss

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Seppälä ◽  
Emily Gordon ◽  
Bernd Funke ◽  
Johanna Tamminen ◽  
Kaley Walker
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Observational Evidence ◽  
High Solar Activity ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Ozone Loss ◽  
Reservoir Species ◽  
Antarctic Ozone ◽  
Catalytic Ozone Destruction ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
The Impact

<p>We present the impact of the so-called energetic particle precipitation (EPP), part of natural solar forcing on the atmosphere, on polar stratospheric NO<sub>x</sub>, ozone, and chlorine chemistry in the Antarctic springtime, using multi-satellite observations covering the overall period of 2005–2017. We find consistent ozone increases when high solar activity occurs during years with easterly phase of the quasi biennial oscillation. These ozone enhancements are also present in total O<sub>3</sub> column observations. We find consistent decreases in springtime active chlorine following winters of elevated solar activity. Further analysis shows that this is accompanied by increase of chemically inactive chlorine reservoir species, explaining the observed ozone increase. This provides the first observational evidence supporting the previously proposed mechanism relating to EPP modulating chlorine driven ozone loss. Our findings suggest that solar activity via EPP has played an important role in modulating Antarctic ozone depletion in the last 15 years. As chlorine loading in the polar stratosphere continues to decrease in the future, this buffering mechanism will become less effective and catalytic ozone destruction by EPP produced NO<sub>x</sub> will likely become a major contributor to Antarctic ozone loss.</p>

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