scholarly journals Seasonal variations of stable carbon isotopic ratios and biogenic tracer compounds of water-soluble organic aerosols in a deciduous forest

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 30773-30795
Author(s):  
Y. Miyazaki ◽  
P. Fu ◽  
K. Kawamura ◽  
Y. Mizoguchi ◽  
K. Yamanoi
Keyword(s):  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Isotopic Ratios ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Carbon Isotopic

Abstract. To investigate the seasonal changes in biogenic water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) aerosols in a boreal forest, aerosol samples were collected continuously in the canopy of a~deciduous forest in Northern Japan during 2009–2010. Stable carbon isotopic ratios of WSOC (δ13CWSOC) in aerosols exhibited a distinct seasonal cycle, with lower values from June through September (−25.5 ± 0.5‰). This cycle follows the net CO2 exchange between the forest ecosystem and the atmosphere, indicating that δ13CWSOC likely reflects the biological activity at the forest site. WSOC concentrations showed the highest values in early summer and autumn. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis indicated that the factor in which biogenic secondary organic aerosols (BSOAs) dominated accounted for ~ 40% of the highest concentrations of WSOC, where BSOAs mostly consisted of α-/β-pinene SOA. In addition, primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) made similar contributions (~ 57%) to the WSOC near the canopy floor in early summer. This finding indicates that the production of both primary and secondary WSOC aerosols is important during the growing season in a deciduous forest. The methanesulfonic acid (MSA) maximum was also found in early summer and had a distinct vertical gradient with larger concentrations near the canopy floor. Together with the similar vertical gradients found for WSOC and δ13CWSOCas well as the α-/β-pinene SOA tracers, our results indicate that the forest floor, including ground vegetation and soil, acts as a significant source of the WSOC within a~forest canopy at the study site.

scholarly journals Seasonal variations of stable carbon isotopic composition and biogenic tracer compounds of water-soluble organic aerosols in a deciduous forest

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1367-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Miyazaki ◽  
P. Q. Fu ◽  
K. Kawamura ◽  
Y. Mizoguchi ◽  
K. Yamanoi
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Carbon Isotopic

Abstract. To investigate the seasonal changes in biogenic water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) aerosols in a boreal forest, aerosol samples were collected continuously in the canopy of a deciduous forest in northern Japan during 2009–2010. Stable carbon isotopic composition of WSOC (δ13CWSOC) in total suspended particulate matter (TSP) exhibited a distinct seasonal cycle, with lower values from June through September (−25.5±0.5 ‰). This cycle follows the net CO2 exchange between the forest ecosystem and the atmosphere, indicating that δ13CWSOC likely reflects the biological activity at the forest site. WSOC concentrations showed the highest values in early summer and autumn. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis indicated that the factor in which biogenic secondary organic aerosols (BSOAs) dominated accounted for ~40 % of the highest concentrations of WSOC, where BSOAs mostly consisted of α-/β-pinene SOA. In addition, primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) made similar contributions (~57 %) to the WSOC near the forest floor in early summer. This finding indicates that the production of both primary and secondary WSOC aerosols is important during the growing season in a deciduous forest. The methanesulfonic acid (MSA) maximum was also found in early summer and had a distinct vertical gradient with larger concentrations near the forest floor. Together with the similar vertical gradients found for WSOC and δ13CWSOC as well as the α-/β-pinene SOA tracers, our results indicate that the forest floor, including ground vegetation and soil, acts as a significant source of WSOC in TSP within a forest canopy at the study site.

scholarly journals Evidence of formation of submicrometer water-soluble organic aerosols at a deciduous forest site in northern Japan in summer

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (D19) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzo Miyazaki ◽  
Jinsang Jung ◽  
Pingqing Fu ◽  
Yasuko Mizoguchi ◽  
Katsumi Yamanoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Northern Japan

scholarly journals The chronology of Jäkärlä Ware – Bayesian interpretation of the old and new radiocarbon dates from Early and Middle Neolithic southwest Finland

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 246-267
Author(s):  
Petro Pesonen ◽  
Markku Oinonen
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Ratios ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Reservoir Effect ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Potential Reservoir

The chronology of the eastern Fennoscandian Neolithic is organized with the help of pottery styles, one of which is southwestern Finnish Jäkärlä Ware. In this paper a number of new radiocarbon dates connected with Jäkärlä Ware and other relevant ceramic groups are presented and discussed. The radiocarbon dates of each group are modelled within a Bayesian chronological framework. Also, the potential reservoir effect in charred crust dates is estimated for each date based on stable carbon isotopic ratios of the crust samples and incorporated into models. Jäkärlä Ware appears to be a short-living and quite a isolated group, which had no chronological contacts with Sperrings 1–2 Wares, but with possible coexistence with Middle Neolithic Typical Comb Ware. Jäkärlä Ware is partly simultaneous with eastern Finnish asbestos-tempered Kaunissaari Ware, and forms with it a short chronological horizon in the turn of the Early and Middle Neolithic of eastern Fennoscandia.

scholarly journals Contribution of dissolved organic matter to submicron water-soluble organic aerosols in the marine boundary layer over the eastern equatorial Pacific

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzo Miyazaki ◽  
Sean Coburn ◽  
Kaori Ono ◽  
David T. Ho ◽  
R. Bradley Pierce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Marine Boundary Layer ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Equatorial Pacific ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Eastern Equatorial Pacific

Abstract. Stable carbon isotopic compositions of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and organic molecular markers were measured to investigate the relative contributions of the sea-surface sources to the water-soluble fraction of submicron organic aerosols collected over the eastern equatorial Pacific during the Tropical Ocean tRoposphere Exchange of Reactive halogens and Oxygenated VOCs (TORERO)/KA-12-01 cruise. On average, the water-soluble organic fraction of the total carbon (TC) mass in submicron aerosols was ~ 30–35 % in the open oceans, whereas it was ~ 60 % in the coastal oceans. The average stable carbon isotope ratio of WSOC (δ13CWSOC) was −19.8 ± 2.0 ‰, which was systematically higher than that of TC (δ13CTC) (−21.8 ± 1.4 ‰). We found that in both coastal and open oceans, the δ13CWSOC was close to the typical values of δ13C for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ranging from −22 ‰ to −20 ‰ in surface seawater of tropical Pacific oceans. This suggests an enrichment of marine biological products in WSOC aerosols in the study region regardless of the oceanic area. In particular, enhanced levels of WSOC and biogenic organic marker compounds together with high values of WSOC/TC (~ 60 %) and δ13CWSOC were observed over upwelling areas and phytoplankton blooms, which was attributed to planktonic tissues being more enriched in δ13C. The δ13C analysis estimated that on average, marine sources contribute ~ 90 ± 25 % of the aerosol carbon, indicating the predominance of marine-derived carbon in the submicron WSOC. This conclusion is supported by Lagrangian trajectory analysis, which suggests that the majority of the sampling points on the ship had been exposed to marine boundary layer air for more than 80 % of the time during the previous 7 days. The combined analysis of the δ13C and monosaccharides, such as glucose and fructose, indicated that DOC concentration was the major factor controlling the concentration levels of the submicron WSOC regardless of the oceanic areas over the study region.

scholarly journals High time-resolved measurement of stable carbon isotope composition in water-soluble organic aerosols: method optimization and a case study during winter haze in East China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqi Zhang ◽  
Yan-Lin Zhang ◽  
Fang Cao ◽  
Yankun Xiang ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Carbon Isotope Composition ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
High Time ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Air Mass

Abstract. Water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) is a significant fraction of organic carbon (OC) in atmospheric aerosols. WSOC is of great interest due to its significant effects on atmospheric chemistry, the Earth’s climate and human health. Stable carbon isotope (δ13C) can be used to track the potential sources and investigate atmospheric processes of organic aerosols. In this study, a method of simultaneously measuring the mass concentration and δ13C values of WSOC from aerosol samples is established by coupling the Gas Bench II preparation device with isotopic ratio mass spectrometry. The precision and accuracy of isotope determination is better than 0.17 ‰ and 0.5 ‰, respectively, for samples containing carbon larger than 5 μg. This method is then applied for the high time-resolution aerosol samples during a severe wintertime haze period in Nanjing, East China. WSOC varies between 3–32 μg m−3, whereas δ13C-WSOC ranges from −26.24 ‰ to −23.35 ‰. Three different episodes (e.g., namely the Episode 1, the Episode 2, the Episode 3) are identified in the sampling period, showing a different tendency of δ13C-WSOC with the accumulation process of WSOC aerosols. The increases in both the WSOC mass concentrations and the δ13C-WSOC values in the Episode 1 indicate that WSOC is subject to a substantial photochemical aging during the air mass transport. In the Episode 2, the decline of the δ13C-WSOC is accompanied by the increase in the WSOC mass concentrations, which is associated with regional-transported biomass burning emissions. In the Episode 3, heavier isotope (13C) is exclusively enriched in total carbon (TC) compares to WSOC aerosols. This suggests that water-insoluble carbon may contain 13C-enriched components such as dust carbonate which is supported by the enhanced Ca2+ concentrations and air mass trajectories analysis. The present study provides a novel method to determine stable carbon isotope composition of WSOC and it offers a great potential to better understand the source emission, the atmospheric aging and the secondary production of water soluble organic aerosols.

scholarly journals Springtime carbon episodes at Gosan background site revealed by total carbon, stable carbon isotopic composition, and thermal characteristics of carbonaceous particles

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 13867-13910
Author(s):  
J. Jung ◽  
K. Kawamura
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Thermal Evolution ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Airborne Pollens

Abstract. In order to investigate the carbon episodes at Gosan background super-site (33.17° N, 126.10° E) in East Asia during spring of 2007 and 2008, total suspended particles (TSP) were collected and analyzed for particulate organic carbon, elemental carbon, total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of TC. The carbon episodes at the Gosan site were categorized as long-range transported anthropogenic pollutant (LTP) from Asian continent, Asian dust (AD) accompanying with LTP, and local pollen episodes. The stable carbon isotopic composition of TC (δ13CTC) was found to be lowest during the pollen episodes (range: −26.2 ‰ to −23.5 ‰, avg.: −25.2 ± 0.9 ‰), followed by the LTP episodes (range: −23.5 ‰ to −23.0 ‰, avg.: −23.3 ± 0.3 ‰) and the AD episodes (range: −23.3 to −20.4 %, avg.: −21.8 ± 2.0 ‰). The δ13CTC of the airborne pollens (−28.0 ‰) collected at the Gosan site showed value similar to that of tangerine fruit (−28.1 ‰) produced from Jeju Island. Based on the carbon isotope mass balance equation and the TN and TC regression approach, we found that ∼40–45 % of TC in the TSP samples during the pollen episodes was attributed to airborne pollens from Japanese cedar trees planted around tangerine farms in Jeju Island. The δ13C of citric acid in the airborne pollens (−26.3 ‰) collected at the Gosan site was similar to that in tangerine fruit (−27.4 ‰). The negative correlation between the citric acid-carbon/TC ratios and δ13CTC were obtained during the pollen episodes. These results suggest that citric acid emitted from tangerine fruit may be adsorbed on the airborne pollens and then transported to the Gosan site. Based on the thermal evolution pattern of organic aerosols during the carbon episodes, we found that organic aerosols originated from East China are more volatile on heating and are more likely to form pyrolized organic carbon than the pollen-enriched organic aerosols and organic aerosols originated from Northeast China. Since thermal evolution patterns of organic aerosols are highly influenced by their molecular weight, they can be used as additional information on the formation of secondary organic aerosols during the long-range atmospheric transport and the source regions of organics.

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