scholarly journals Towards a first classification of aerosol shrinkage events

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (18) ◽  
pp. 25231-25267
Author(s):  
E. Alonso-Blanco ◽  
F. J. Gómez-Moreno ◽  
L. Núñez ◽  
M. Pujadas ◽  
M. Cusack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Group I ◽  
Total Particle ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract. This work presents for the first time a classification of shrinkage events based on the aerosol processes that precede them. To this end, 3.5 years of continuous measurements (from 2009 to 2012) of aerosol size distributions, obtained with a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) at an urban background site in Southern Europe, have been interpreted. 48 shrinkage events were identified and analysed, all occurring during spring and summer when the atmospheric conditions are more favourable for their development. In this study the shrinkage events took place mostly towards the end of the day, and their occurrence could be associated to atmospheric dilution conditions and a reduction in photochemical activity. The shrinkage rate (SR) varied between −1.0 and −11.1 nm h−1 (average value of −4.7 ± 2.6 nm h−1). Changes in particle concentrations corresponding to the nucleation and Aitken modes were detected, whereby an increase in the number of particles in the nucleation mode often coincided with a reduction in the Aitken mode. The accumulation mode did not undergo significant changes during these processes. In addition, in some cases, a dilution of the total particle number concentration in the ambient air was observed. Following the proposed methodology, three groups of events have been identified: Group I (NPF + shrinkage), Group II (aerosol growth process + shrinkage) and Group III (pure shrinkage events). The largest number of shrinkage events has been observed in the absence of prior processes, i.e. pure shrinkage events, followed by Group I events and finally Group II events. Although this analysis has confirmed that the triggering of shrinkage events is clearly linked to the atmospheric situation and the characteristics of the measurement area, this classification may contribute to a better understanding of the processes involved and the features that characterize shrinkage events.

ISOLATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF EXTRANUCLEAR MUTANTS OF NEUROSPORA CRASSA

Genetics ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-533
Author(s):  
H Bertrand ◽  
T H Pittenger
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Growth Phenotype ◽  
Group Ii

ABSTRACT Four extranuclear mutants, [exn-1], [exn-2],[exn-4], and [stp-C], were obtained from N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-treated conidia and mycelium of Neurospora crassa. The three exn mutants grow with a pronounced lag from conidia and ascospores and are female fertile, whereas [stp-C] has a stop-start growth phenotype and is female sterile. The mitochondria from all four mutants are deficient in cytochromes a+a  3 and b, but contain an excess of cytochrome c. On the basis of growth and fertility, nuclear suppressors and complementation in heteroplasmons, 16 of the extranuclear mutants now available in Neurospora can be divided into three groups. Group I consists of 8 female-fertile variants with both poky-like growth and cytochrome defects. Their slow growth is suppressed by the nuclear factor, f, but not by a second nuclear suppressor, su-1([mi-3]). They complement with group III mutants in mixed cytoplasmons. Group II is represented by a single variant, [mi-3]. It is phenotypically modified by the su-1([mi-3]) factor, but not by f. Its unique cytochrome spectrum shows a deficiency of cytochrome a, but c and b are present. It complements in heteroplasmons with group I and III mutants. Group III included 7 female-sterile variants with stopper growth phenotypes and the same cytochrome defects as group I. Group III mutants complement both with group I and II isolates, but they are unaffected by either f or su-1.

HYPOGONADISM, GALACTORRHOEA AND HYPER-PROLACTINAEMIA: EVALUATION OF PITUITARY GONADOTROPHINS RESERVE BEFORE AND UNDER BROMOCRIPTINE

1977 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Asfour ◽  
M. L'Hermite ◽  
M. Hedouin-Quincampoix ◽  
P. Fossati
Keyword(s):  
Sella Turcica ◽  
Complete Evaluation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Radiological Abnormality ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Pituitary Prolactin ◽  
Hypothalamic Level ◽  
Rule Out

ABSTRACT Twenty patients with hypogonadism (19 women with amenorrhoea and 1 man with impotence and infertility), galactorrhoea and hyper-prolactinaemia (range: 36 to 344 ng/ml) were studied. The radiological study of the sella turcica, including in all cases hypocycloidal tomograms, allowed classification of the patients into 3 groups: group I (n = 4) had a grossly enlarged sella turcica, group II (n = 12) had localized alterations indicating the probable existence of a prolactin-secreting microadenoma ("microdeformation") while group III patients presented no radiological abnormality. Before treatment, all the patients were submitted to a complete evaluation of the function of their anterior pituitary, including the LH and FSH responses to iv administration of Gn-RH. All the group I patients had low basal LH levels and a blunted response to Gn-RH. The basal LH and in response to Gn-RH were normal in most of the group II patients and in all of the group III patients. An exaggerated FSH response to Gn-RH was observed in 6/12 patients with microdeformation (group II) but not in groups I and III patients. A low LH and a blunted LH response to Gn-RH is highly suggestive of the existence of a pituitary prolactin-secreting adenoma in case of amenorrhoea and hyper-prolactinaemia patients; a normal response does not however rule out such a diagnosis. The reasons for an exaggerated FSH response to Gn-RH in patients with suspected prolactin-secreting microadenoma remain to be investigated though this pattern can also occur in other cases of amenorrhoea. Hence the Gn-RH test might contribute to the assessment of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis of patients with hyper-prolactinaemia. Six patients treated for 4 months with bromocriptine (CB-154) were submitted to re-evaluation of their pituitary gonadotrophins reserve. All the women experienced restoration of menses with 39 days of treatment and the male patient regained potency. It was observed that bromocriptine treatment and subsequent normalized prolactin levels in the 4 group II women tested were associated with normalization of their previously exaggerated FSH response to Gn-RH; LH responses were also diminished in these cases. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that hyper-prolactinaemia per se could interfere with the endogenous secretion of Gn-RH at the hypothalamic level. In one patient with grossly enlarged sella turcica and a previous lack of an LH and FSH response to Gn-RH, bromocriptine treatment restored a normal gonadotrophins response, confirming that, in this case, the alteration of this response was indeed due to a prolonged lack of endogenous Gn-RH secretion.

scholarly journals Cardiac troponin as biochemical marker of perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic myocardial injury

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 881-886
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Simovic ◽  
Jasmina Knezevic ◽  
Zoran Igrutinovic ◽  
Nadezda Stojanovic ◽  
Sanja Kocic
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Troponin ◽  
Pressure Support ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Myocardial Cell ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Future Outcomes

Background/Aim. Myocardial cell lesion in newborns may be clinically occult. In recent years there has been shown growing interest in the use of cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) in relation to perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic myocardial lesion. The aim of this study was to determine a relationship between high cTnI levels and outcome in critically ill newborns with perinatal asphyxia. Methods. In this study 78 patients were divided into three groups. The group I included 39 newborns (15 term and 24 preterm) with perinatal asphyxia, with no deaths, only full or partial (with some neurological sequels) recovery. The group II included 10 newborns (6 preterm and 4 term), with perinatal asphyxia who died, with critical cardio-respiratory problems and multiorgan dysfunction. The group III included 29 healthy term newborns. A level of cTnI in all three groups was measured within 24-48 hours after delivery. Results. A statistically significant higher value of cTnI (0.082 ?g/l ? 0.166) was found in group I than in the group III (healthy newborns). In the group I, 21/39 newborns required respiratory and 16/39 required pressure support. In the group II, the largest average value of cTnI of 0.425 ? 0.307 was found. All of the newborns in the group II required respiratory and pressure support. In the group III the lowest average value of cTnI (0.0186 ?g/L ? 0.0286) was found. Conclusions. High cTnI levels could be used as markers of perinatal asphyxia and even as predictors of future outcomes and/or mortality.

scholarly journals Induction and estrous synchronization during the non-breeding season in Saanen goats

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Anamaria Luciana Blaga Petrean ◽  
Liviu Bogdan ◽  
Sanda Andrei ◽  
Ileana Bogdan ◽  
Mihai Raţiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Isopropyl Ester ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Estrous Synchronization ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

The purpose of this study was to perform the induction and estrous synchronization of Saanen goats in the non-breeding season. The study was conducted from July 2014 - April 2015 on 77 Saanen goats, aged between 1.5 to 5 years. The goats were divided into three experimental groups: in group I (n =37 goats) intravaginal sponge (Ovigest) containing 60 mg of MPA was left in the vagina for 14 days. Immediately after sponge removal the animals received two injections: prostaglandin (Prosolvin) at the dose of 0.75 mg (1 ml)/animal and PMSG hormone (Folligon) at the dose of 500 IU/animal. In group II (n=20) induction and estrous synchronization was performed using synthetic prostaglandin (Proliz - 1 ml containing 0.2 mg isopropyl ester of cloprostenol and 9 mg benzyl alcohol) at the dose of 0.5 ml/animal. The group III (n=20) was considered the control group and estrous synchronization was performed using fertile bucks. In group I the results showed that all goats expressed signs of estrous. The average value of the estrous interval was 33 hours and the average of estrous duration was 20 hours. The number of kids obtained in group I was 94, and prolificacy was P (%) = 2.54. In group II and III was not observed occurrence of estrous. Induction and estrous synchronization show economic benefits by shortening the time needed for pregnancy installation, possibility of births grouping, preparation and organization of mating, only if we use a hormone associated protocol and we rigorous respect therapy steps.

Clinico-Etiological Classification of Epilepsy in Children Presenting To Specialty Epilepsy Clinic at Tertiary Medical Centre

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Group I ◽  
Etiological Spectrum ◽  
Group Ii

Objectives: To identify the clinical & etiological profile of children and the characteristics of seizures in them along with therapeutic responses. Methods: All patients who attended the Epilepsy Clinic & fulfilled the selection criteria were enrolled in study. This is a descriptive study of 12 months & involved analysis of records of the patients who came to specialty OPD. Three groups were formed accordingly - focal, generalized & unknown onset with further etiological sub-divisions -Genetic, Structural/Metabolic, Immune, Infectious & Unknown. Results: In all, 417 patients were studied. The distribution as per clinical presentation was- group I (generalized) 215(58.5%) - group II (focal) 154(36.9%), group III (unknown) 48(4.6%). The main etiologies were perinatal asphyxia (28.3%) NHBI (11.4%) in (structural-metabolic) sub group. In Genetic & Infectious, Channelopathies (10.5%) & Post Meningitis Sequelae (4.7%). 56.3% of the patient in group II were on more than 3 AEDs. 14.3% in group I were weaned of AEDs. 61.4% patients in group II were having neuro-developmental sequelae. EEG revealed abnormal activity in 30(6.2%) in group I & 31(19.3%) in group II. Maximum patient with refractory epilepsy were seen in group III. Conclusion: To have a good management of epilepsy we need to have multi-dimensional classification of epilepsy based on both clinical & etiological spectrum. Perinatal Asphyxia & NHBI are one of the most common yet avertible etiologies.

Anaesthetic Effects of Propofol, Ketamine and their Combination (Ketofol) as Total Intravenous Anaesthesia (TIVA) in Pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basanta Saikia ◽  
Kalyan Sarma ◽  
Hemen Das ◽  
M.C. Lallianchhunga ◽  
Debajyoti Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Anaesthetic Agent ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Operating Room Personnel ◽  
Inhalation Anaesthesia ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Endotracheal intubation for inhalation anaesthesia in pigs is not considered a good anaesthetic method as it is technically difficult because of oral anatomy and the presence of excess tissues in the oropharyngeal region. Moreover, the major limitation of inhalation anaesthesia is that it requires the use of a cumbersome and costly anaesthetic machine, including a suitable breathing system and vaporizer and is the exposure of operating-room personnel to the pollution in the ambient air. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of propofol, ketamine and their combination ‘Ketofol’ as a TIVA in pigs. Methods: The study was conducted in eighteen piglets of either sex. The piglets were randomly divided into three groups with six animals in each group. All the three groups were premedicated with Atropine sulphate @ 0.04mg/kg body weight and Xylazine Hydrochloride @ 1mg/kg body weight I.M. and Medazolam @ 0.5mg/kg body weight I.M. with minimum forcible restraint as pre-anaesthetic. In group-I, propofol @ 5mg/kg body weight, in group-II, ketamine @ 5mg/kg body weight and in group-III, ketofol @ 4mg/kg body weight was administered intravenously for induction after 15 minutes of pre-anaesthetic administration. Surgical anaesthesia was maintained for 90 minutes in all three groups viz. group-I, group-II and group-III with propofol @ 2.5mg/kg, ketamine @ 2.5mg/kg and ketofol @ 2mg/kg body weight respectively by intermittent bolus injection (IBI) technique. Clinical and cardiopulmonary profiles were evaluated before administration of the anaesthetic agent (0 minutes) then at 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes during and after administration of anaesthetic agents to evaluate their anaesthetic effect. Result: The study revealed that induction time (IT), duration of analgesia (DOA), duration of recumbency (DOR) and recovery time (RT) interval showed better result in the combination of ketamine and propofol group as compared to propofol and ketamine-induced individual group. The temperature and respiration rate was significantly decreased in all the groups at 30 minutes during TIVA whereas heart rate was significantly increased in all the groups at 15 minutes. The combination of ketamine and propofol group showed a consistent diastolic pressure and systolic pressure during the entire period of anaesthesia. The SPO2 in the ketamine-induced group showed a significant decrease (P less than 0.01) as compared to the propofol and ketofol group. It was concluded that the anaesthetic drug combinations resulted in smooth and uneventful induction with mild cardiopulmonary depressions and rapid recovery.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the efficacy and biocompatibility of various methods of dialysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 725-729
Author(s):  
Milenko Zivanovic ◽  
Rajko Hrvacevic ◽  
Zoran Kovacevic ◽  
Ljubisa Veljancic ◽  
Svetlana Vujanic
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Dialysis Session ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Group I ◽  
On Line ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Dialysis Outcomes

Background/Aim. The efficacy and biocompatibility of hemodialysis have a singnificant impact on dialysis patient morbidity and mortality rate. The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy and biocompatibility of different hemodialysis modalities in our patients. Methods. A total of 55 patients were included in the study, and on the basis of dialysis modality, they were divided in four groups: group I - postdilution on-line hemodiafiltration (n = 15), group II - bicarbonate high-flux polysulphone hemodialysis (n = 15), group III - bicarbonate low-flux polysulphone hemodialysis (n = 15), and groupe IV - bicarbonate cuprophane hemodialysis (n = 10). The efficacy was evaluated on the basis of urea reduction rate (URR), urea Kt/V index and serum ?2-microglobuline reduction rate, and the biocompatibility was evaluated on the basis of the leukocyte count fall during the first fifteen minutes of dialysis session, and of the serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level. Results. The highest mean URR was achieved in the group I (70.53 ? 6.49 %), and it was significantly higher in comparison with the average URR in the group IV (54.8 ? 6.35%) (p = 0.001). The average value of urea Kt/V index in the group I (1.48 ? 0.22) was significantly higher in comparison with the average value in the groupe II 1.30 ? 0.22 (p < 0.05), group III (1.05 ? 0.22), and group IV (0.98 + 0.22) (p = 0.001). Serum ?2-microglobuline reduction rate was 68.93 ? 8.25% in the group I, and 58.86 ? 7.98% in the groupe II (p = 0.01). During the first 15 minutes of hemodialysis the leukocyte number was decreased by 12.57 ? 9.35% in the group I, 13.61 ? 9.64% in the group II, 18.3 ? 13.24 in the group III and 62.3 ? 15.4 in the group IV, on average. The mean serum level of CRP was 9.4 ? 6.47 mg/l in the group IV, and less than 3.5 mg/l in the group I of the patients (p = 0.001). Conclusion. Postdilution on-line hemodiafiltration in comparison with standard hemodialysis provided the more effective elimination of small and middle uremic toxins molecules and a significantly higher degree of biocompatibility. The patients treated with standard hemodialysis frequently do not achieve the minimal value of urea Kt/V index prescribed by National Kidney Foundation - Dialysis Outcomes Quality Inatiatives standards. These patients also have significantly higher serum CRP values which suggest the state of chronic microinflammation.

Treatment of De Quervain’s Disease: Role of Conservative Management

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. LANE ◽  
R. S. BORETZ ◽  
S. A. STUCHIN
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Information ◽  
De Quervain’S Disease ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Efficacious Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Pre Treatment

This retrospective study compares two methods used to treat de Quervain’s disease: splintage with oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and steroid injection. Patients were separated into three groups based on symptom severity: group I-minimal, group II-mild, and group III-moderate or severe. Three hundred and nineteen wrists in 300 patients were followed from one to six years. Fifteen of 17 patients with minimal symptoms were relieved with splintage and NSAIDs. However, only seven of 20 in Group II and two of eight in Group III treated similarly were relieved. Of the 249 patients in Group III treated with injections, 76% were completely relieved, 7% were improved, and 4% were not improved. We conclude that classification of patients’ with de Quervain’s disease based on their pre-treatment symptoms may assist surgeons in selecting the most efficacious treatment and in providing prognostic information to their patients.

Ultrastructural Lesions Produced by Alcohol and Sucrose in the Heart and Liver of C57BL Mice

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
K.K. SEKHRI ◽  
C.S. ALEXANDER ◽  
H.T. NAGASAWA
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Alcohol Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
C57bl Mice ◽  
Group Ii

C57BL male mice (Jackson Lab., Bar Harbor, Maine) weighing about 18 gms were randomly divided into three groups: group I was fed sweetened liquid alcohol diet (modified Schenkl) in which 36% of the calories were derived from alcohol; group II was maintained on a similar diet but alcohol was isocalorically substituted by sucrose; group III was fed regular mouse chow ad lib for five months. Liver and heart tissues were fixed in 2.5% cacodylate buffered glutaraldehyde, post-fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide and embedded in Epon-araldite.

Heterogeneity and Immunochemical Properties of Anti-β2-glycoprotein I Autoantibodies

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (09) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Regnault ◽  
E. Hachulla ◽  
L. Darnige ◽  
B. Roussel ◽  
J. C. Bensa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Anticardiolipin Antibodies ◽  
Dual Reactivity ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Epitope Specificity ◽  
Glycoprotein I ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Sufficient Concentration

SummaryMost anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) associated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are directed against epitopes expressed on β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI). Despite a good correlation between standard ACA assays and those using purified human β2GPI as the sole antigen, some sera from APS patients only react in the latter. This is indicative of heterogeneity in anti-β2GPI antibodies. To characterize their reactivity profiles, human and bovine β2GPI were immobilized on γ-irradiated plates (β2GPI-ELISA), plain polystyrene precoated with increasing cardiolipin concentrations (CL/β2GPI-ELISA), and affinity columns. Fluid-phase inhibition experiments were also carried out with both proteins. Of 56 selected sera, restricted recognition of bovine or human β2GPI occurred respectively in 10/29 IgA-positive and 9/22 IgM-positive samples, and most of the latter (8/9) were missed by the standard ACA assay, as expected from a previous study. Based on species specificity and ACA results, IgG-positive samples (53/56) were categorized into three groups: antibodies reactive to bovine β2GPI only (group I) or to bovine and human β2GPI, group II being ACA-negative, and group III being ACA-positive. The most important group, group III (n = 33) was characterized by (i) binding when β2GPI was immobilized on γ-irradiated polystyrene or cardiolipin at sufficient concentration (regardless of β2GPI density, as assessed using 125I-β2GPI); (ii) and low avidity binding to fluid-phase β2GPI (Kd in the range 10–5 M). In contrast, all six group II samples showed (i) ability to bind human and bovine β2GPI immobilized on non-irradiated plates; (ii) concentration-dependent blockade of binding by cardiolipin, suggesting epitope location in the vicinity of the phospholipid binding site on native β2GPI; (iii) and relative avidities approximately 100-fold higher than in group III. Group I patients were heterogeneous with respect to CL/β2GPI-ELISA and ACA results (6/14 scored negative), possibly reflecting antibody differences in terms of avidity and epitope specificity. Affinity fractionation of 23 sera showed the existence, in individual patients, of various combinations of antibody subsets solely reactive to human or bovine β2GPI, together with cross-species reactive subsets present in all samples with dual reactivity namely groups III and II, although the latter antibodies were poorly purified on either column. Therefore, the mode of presentation of β2GPI greatly influences its recognition by anti-β2GPI antibodies with marked inter-individual heterogeneity, in relation to ACA quantitation and, possibly, disease presentation and pathogenesis.

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