scholarly journals An investigation of ozone and planetary boundary layer dynamics over the complex topography of Grenoble combining measurements and modeling

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 797-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Couach ◽  
I Balin ◽  
R. Jiménez ◽  
P. Ristori ◽  
S. Perego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Horizontal Wind ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Complex Topography ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Model Calculations

Abstract. This paper concerns an evaluation of ozone (O3) and planetary boundary layer (PBL) dynamics over the complex topography of the Grenoble region through a combination of measurements and mesoscale model (METPHOMOD) predictions for three days, during July 1999. The measurements of O3 and PBL structure were obtained with a Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) system, situated 20 km south of Grenoble at Vif (310 m a.s.l.). The combined lidar observations and model calculations are in good agreement with atmospheric measurements obtained with an instrumented aircraft (METAIR). Ozone fluxes were calculated using lidar measurements of ozone vertical profiles concentrations and the horizontal wind speeds measured with a Radar Doppler wind profiler (DEGREANE). The ozone flux patterns indicate that the diurnal cycle of ozone production is controlled by local thermal winds. The convective PBL maximum height was some 2700 m above the land surface while the nighttime residual ozone layer was generally found between 1200 and 2200 m. Finally we evaluate the magnitude of the ozone processes at different altitudes in order to estimate the photochemical ozone production due to the primary pollutants emissions of Grenoble city and the regional network of automobile traffic.

scholarly journals An investigation of ozone and planetary boundary layer dynamics over the complex topography of Grenoble combining measurements and modeling

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Couach ◽  
I. Balin ◽  
R. Jiménez ◽  
P. Ristori ◽  
S. Perego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Horizontal Wind ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Complex Topography ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Model Calculations

Abstract. This paper concerns an evaluation of ozone (O3) and planetary boundary layer (PBL) dynamics over the complex topography of the Grenoble region through a combination of measurements and mesoscale model (METPHOMOD) predictions for three days, during July 1999. The measurements of O3 and PBL structure were obtained with a Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) system, situated 20 km south of Grenoble at Vif (310 m ASL). The combined lidar observations and model calculations are in good agreement with atmospheric measurements obtained with an instrumented aircraft (METAIR). Ozone fluxes were calculated using lidar measurements of ozone vertical profiles concentrations and the horizontal wind speeds measured with a Radar Doppler wind profiler (DEGREANE. The ozone flux patterns indicate that the diurnal cycle of ozone production is controlled by local thermal winds. The convective PBL maximum height was some 2700 m above the land surface while the nighttime residual ozone layer was generally found between 1200 and 2200 m. Finally we evaluate the magnitude of the ozone processes at different altitudes in order to estimate the photochemical ozone production due to the primary pollutants emissions of Grenoble city and the regional network of automobile traffic.

Performance Assessment of New Land Surface and Planetary Boundary Layer Physics in the WRF-ARW

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 760-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Gilliam ◽  
Jonathan E. Pleim
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
New Physics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Temperature Structure ◽  
Near Surface

Abstract The Pleim–Xiu land surface model, Pleim surface layer scheme, and Asymmetric Convective Model (version 2) are now options in version 3.0 of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) Advanced Research WRF (ARW) core. These physics parameterizations were developed for the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) and have been used extensively by the air quality modeling community, so there was a need based on several factors to extend these parameterizations to WRF. Simulations executed with the new WRF physics are compared with simulations produced with the MM5 and another WRF configuration with a focus on the replication of near-surface meteorological conditions and key planetary boundary layer features. The new physics in WRF is recommended for retrospective simulations, in particular, those used to drive air quality simulations. In the summer, the error of all variables analyzed was slightly lower across the domain in the WRF simulation that used the new physics than in the similar MM5 configuration. This simulation had an even lower error than the other more common WRF configuration. For the cold season case, the model simulation was not as accurate as the other simulations overall, but did well in terms of lower 2-m temperature error in the western part of the model domain (plains and Rocky Mountains) and most of the Northeast. Both MM5 and the other WRF configuration had lower errors across much of the southern and eastern United States in the winter. The 2-m water vapor mixing ratio and 10-m wind were generally well simulated by the new physics suite in WRF when contrasted with the other simulations and modeling studies. Simulated planetary boundary layer features were compared with both wind profiler and aircraft observations, and the new WRF physics results in a more precise wind and temperature structure not only in the stable boundary layer, but also within most of the convective boundary layer. These results suggest that the WRF performance is now at or above the level of MM5. It is thus recommended to drive future air quality applications.

Rising Planetary Boundary Layer Height over the Sahara Desert and Arabian Peninsula in a Warming Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 4043-4068
Author(s):  
Liming Zhou ◽  
Yuhong Tian ◽  
Nan Wei ◽  
Shu-peng Ho ◽  
Jing Li
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Sahara Desert ◽  
Sensible Heat

AbstractTurbulent mixing in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) governs the vertical exchange of heat, moisture, momentum, trace gases, and aerosols in the surface–atmosphere interface. The PBL height (PBLH) represents the maximum height of the free atmosphere that is directly influenced by Earth’s surface. This study uses a multidata synthesis approach from an ensemble of multiple global datasets of radiosonde observations, reanalysis products, and climate model simulations to examine the spatial patterns of long-term PBLH trends over land between 60°S and 60°N for the period 1979–2019. By considering both the sign and statistical significance of trends, we identify large-scale regions where the change signal is robust and consistent to increase our confidence in the obtained results. Despite differences in the magnitude and sign of PBLH trends over many areas, all datasets reveal a consensus on increasing PBLH over the enormous and very dry Sahara Desert and Arabian Peninsula (SDAP) and declining PBLH in India. At the global scale, the changes in PBLH are significantly correlated positively with the changes in surface heating and negatively with the changes in surface moisture, consistent with theory and previous findings in the literature. The rising PBLH is in good agreement with increasing sensible heat and surface temperature and decreasing relative humidity over the SDAP associated with desert amplification, while the declining PBLH resonates well with increasing relative humidity and latent heat and decreasing sensible heat and surface warming in India. The PBLH changes agree with radiosonde soundings over the SDAP but cannot be validated over India due to lack of good-quality radiosonde observations.

scholarly journals DETERMINAÇÃO DA ALTURA DA CAMADA LIMITE PLANETÁRIA NA FLORESTA AMAZÔNICA UTILIZANDO UM CEILOMETER

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kaufmann ◽  
Rayonil Carneiro ◽  
Gilberto Fisch
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
The State ◽  
Amazon Rainforest ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Average Maximum

This study aimed to determine the average maximum height of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) through data obtained by ceilometer in the Amazon rainforest region. Used data used are from the GoAmazon Project located next to the Manacapuru municipality in the state of Amazon. Data obtained by the ceilometer for PBL height to 45 days of being analyzed rainy season (IOP1) and 45 days of drought station (IOP2) both in the year 2014. It was found that the ceilometer presented data consistent with that expected for the region. The maximum recorded were 1.245 (IOP1) and 1.685 (IOP2), it was observed that the erosion of the CLN was slower in IOP1. While the transition from CLC for CLN was longer in IOP2. ), it was observed that the erosion of the CLN was slower in IOP1. While the transition from CLC for CLN was longer in IOP2.

Sensitivity of MM5 and WRF mesoscale model predictions of surface winds in a typhoon to planetary boundary layer parameterizations

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Hye Kwun ◽  
You-Keun Kim ◽  
Jang-Won Seo ◽  
Ju Hee Jeong ◽  
Sung Hyup You
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer ◽  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
Surface Winds ◽  
Model Predictions

scholarly journals Chemistry, transport and dry deposition of trace gases in the boundary layer over the tropical Atlantic Ocean and the Guyanas during the GABRIEL field campaign

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 3933-3956 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stickler ◽  
H. Fischer ◽  
H. Bozem ◽  
C. Gurk ◽  
C. Schiller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Deposition Velocity ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Organic Peroxides ◽  
Tropical Atlantic ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Tropical Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Positive Tendency

Abstract. We present a comparison of different Lagrangian and chemical box model calculations with measurement data obtained during the GABRIEL campaign over the tropical Atlantic Ocean and the Amazon rainforest in the Guyanas, October 2005. Lagrangian modelling of boundary layer (BL) air constrained by measurements is used to derive a horizontal gradient (≈5.6 pmol/mol km−1) of CO from the ocean to the rainforest (east to west). This is significantly smaller than that derived from the measurements (16–48 pmol/mol km−1), indicating that photochemical production from organic precursors alone cannot explain the observed strong gradient. It appears that HCHO is overestimated by the Lagrangian and chemical box models, which include dry deposition but not exchange with the free troposphere (FT). The relatively short lifetime of HCHO implies substantial BL-FT exchange. The mixing-in of FT air affected by African and South American biomass burning at an estimated rate of 0.12 h−1 increases the CO and decreases the HCHO mixing ratios, improving agreement with measurements. A mean deposition velocity of 1.35 cm/s for H2O2 over the ocean as well as over the rainforest is deduced assuming BL-FT exchange adequate to the results for CO. The measured increase of the organic peroxides from the ocean to the rainforest (≈0.66 nmol/mol d−1) is significantly overestimated by the Lagrangian model, even when using high values for the deposition velocity and the entrainment rate. Our results point at either heterogeneous loss of organic peroxides and/or their radical precursors, underestimated photodissociation or missing reaction paths of peroxy radicals not forming peroxides in isoprene chemistry. We calculate a mean integrated daytime net ozone production (NOP) in the BL of (0.2±5.9) nmol/mol (ocean) and (2.4±2.1) nmol/mol (rainforest). The NOP strongly correlates with NO and has a positive tendency in the boundary layer over the rainforest.

scholarly journals Connecting Turbulence and Meandering Parameterization to Describe Passive Scalars Dispersion in Low Wind Speed Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
V. S. Moreira ◽  
G. Degrazia ◽  
A. U. Timm ◽  
D. R. Roberti ◽  
S. Maldaner
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Horizontal Wind ◽  
Passive Scalars ◽  
Turbulence Parameterization ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
Mean Time

The following study deals with meandering of the horizontal mean wind. The main motivation for such investigation came from the difficulty in describing contaminant dispersion in meandering conditions. Observational field measurements point out that the autocorrelation function of the horizontal wind components, obtained for the meandering cases, displays an oscillating behavior with the presence of large negative lobes. Such negative lobes are described by an equation containing functions that represent patterns of movement associated to meandering and turbulence. As a consequence, this mathematical formulation connects the turbulence and meandering phenomenon establishing the employment of hybrid parameters in models that describe the meandering dispersion. Therefore, considering this dualistic aspect between meandering and turbulence manifestations, a new set of relations for the turbulence parameterization joined with the meandering of the wind have been developed and are available. This new turbulence parameterization for a stable shear forcing planetary boundary layer, united with a meandering mean time scale is able to describe contaminant meandering enhanced spread in a low wind speed stable planetary boundary layer.

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