scholarly journals Diurnal temperature range over Europe between 1950 and 2005

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 7051-7084 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Makowski ◽  
M. Wild ◽  
A. Ohmura
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Diurnal Temperature Range ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Diurnal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Incoming Solar Radiation

Abstract. It has been widely accepted that diurnal temperature range (DTR) decreased on a global scale during the second half of the twentieth century. Here we show however, that the long-term trend of annual DTR has reversed from a decrease to an increase during the 1970s in Western Europe and during the 1980s in Eastern Europe. The analysis is based on the high-quality dataset of the European Climate Assessment and Dataset Project, from which we selected approximately 200 stations, covering the area from Iceland to Algeria and from Turkey to Russia for 1950 to 2005. We investigate national and regional annual means as well as the pan-European mean with respect to trends and reversal periods. 17 of the 24 investigated regions including the pan-European mean show a statistical significant increase since 1990 at the latest. Of the remaining 7 regions, 2 show a non-significant increase, 3 a significant decrease and the remaining 2 no significant trend. The long-term change in DTR is governed by both surface shortwave and longwave radiation, the former of which has undergone a change from dimming to brightening. Consequently, we discuss the connections between DTR, shortwave radiation and sulfur emissions which are thought to be amongst the most important factors influencing the incoming solar radiation through the primary and secondary aerosol effect. We find reasonable agreement between trends in SO2 emissions, radiation and DTR in areas affected by high pollution. Consequently, we conclude that the long-term trends in DTR are mostly determined by changes in emissions and the associated changes in incoming solar radiation.

scholarly journals Diurnal temperature range over Europe between 1950 and 2005

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (21) ◽  
pp. 6483-6498 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Makowski ◽  
M. Wild ◽  
A. Ohmura
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Diurnal Temperature Range ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Diurnal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Incoming Solar Radiation

Abstract. It has been widely accepted that diurnal temperature range (DTR) decreased on a global scale during the second half of the twentieth century. Here we show however, that the long-term trend of annual DTR has reversed from a decrease to an increase during the 1970s in Western Europe and during the 1980s in Eastern Europe. The analysis is based on the high-quality dataset of the European Climate Assessment and Dataset Project, from which we selected approximately 200 stations covering the area bordered by Iceland, Algeria, Turkey and Russia for the period 1950 to 2005. We investigate national and regional annual means as well as the pan-European mean with respect to trends and reversal periods. 17 of the 24 investigated regions including the pan-European mean show a statistical significant increase of DTR since 1990 at the latest. Of the remaining 7 regions, two show a non-significant increase, three a significant decrease and two no significant trend. Changes in DTR are affected by both surface shortwave and longwave radiation, the former of which has undergone a change from dimming to brightening in the period considered. Consequently, we discuss the connections between DTR, shortwave radiation and sulfur emissions which are thought to be amongst the most important factors influencing the incoming solar radiation through the primary and secondary aerosol effect. We find reasonable agreement between trends in SO2 emissions, radiation and DTR in areas affected by high pollution. Consequently, we conclude that the trends in DTR could be mostly determined by changes in emissions and the associated changes in incoming solar radiation.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Analysis of Diurnal Temperature Range: Effect of Urbanization, Cloud Cover, Solar Radiation, and Precipitation

Climate ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andri Pyrgou ◽  
Mattheos Santamouris ◽  
Iro Livada
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Diurnal Temperature Range ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Daily Minimum Temperature ◽  
Urban Station ◽  
Diurnal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range

High daily temperatures in the Mediterranean and Europe have been documented in observation and modeling studies. Long-term temperature data, from 1988 to 2017, from a suburban station and an urban station in Nicosia, Cyprus have been analyzed, and the diurnal temperature range (DTR) trend was investigated. The seasonal Mann–Kendall test revealed a decreasing DTR trend of −0.24 °C/decade at the urban station and −0.36 °C/decade at the suburban station, which were attributed to an increase in the daily minimum temperature. Variations in precipitation, longwave radiation, ultraviolet-A (UVA), ultraviolet-B (UVB), cloud cover, water vapor, and urbanization were used to assess their possible relationship with regional DTR. The clustering of daytime and night-time data showed a strong relationship between the DTR and observed cloud cover, net longwave radiation, and precipitation. Clouds associated with smaller shortwave and net longwave radiation reduce the DTR by decreasing the surface solar radiation, while atmospheric absolute humidity denotes an increased daytime surface evaporative cooling and higher absorption of the short and longwave radiation. The intra-cluster variation could be reduced, and the inter-cluster variance increased by the addition of other meteorological parameters and anthropogenic sources that affect DTR in order to develop a quantitative basis for assessing DTR variations.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study of Geographic and Seasonal Variations in Diurnal Temperature Range

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3205-3221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence S. Jackson ◽  
Piers M. Forster
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Diurnal Temperature Range ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Diurnal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range

Abstract The diurnal temperature range (DTR) of surface air over land varies geographically and seasonally. The authors have investigated these variations using generalized additive models (GAMs), a nonlinear regression methodology. With DTR as the response variable, meteorological and land surface parameters were treated as explanatory variables. Regression curves related the deviation of DTR from its mean value to values of the meteorological and land surface variables. Cloud cover, soil moisture, distance inland, solar radiation, and elevation were combined as explanatory variables in an ensemble of 84 GAM models that used data grouped into seven vegetation types and 12 months. The ensemble explained 80% of the geographical and seasonal variation in DTR. Vegetation type and cloud cover exhibited the strongest relationships with DTR. Shortwave radiation, distance inland, and elevation were positively correlated with DTR, whereas cloud cover and soil moisture were negatively correlated. A separate analysis of the surface energy budget showed that changes in net longwave radiation represented the effects of solar and hydrological variation on DTR. It is found that vegetation and its associated climate is important for DTR variation in addition to the climatic influence of cloud cover, soil moisture, and solar radiation. It is also found that surface net longwave radiation is a powerful diagnostic of DTR variation, explaining over 95% of the seasonal variation of DTR in tropical regions.

scholarly journals The long-term trend in the diurnal temperature range over Asia and its natural and anthropogenic causes

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (7) ◽  
pp. 3519-3533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Liu ◽  
Zhanqing Li ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
Hainan Gong ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Temperature Range ◽  
Term Trend ◽  
Diurnal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Long Term Trend

scholarly journals Variability and trend of diurnal temperature range in China and their relationship to total cloud cover and sunshine duration

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 795-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Xia
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Temperature Range ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Radiative Effect ◽  
Total Cloud Cover ◽  
Diurnal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Sky Conditions

Abstract. This study aims to investigate the effect of total cloud cover (TCC) and sunshine duration (SSD) in the variation of diurnal temperature range (DTR) in China during 1954–2009. As expected, the inter-annual variation of DTR was mainly determined by TCC. Analysis of trends of 30-year moving windows of DTR and TCC time series showed that TCC changes could account for that of DTR in some cases. However, TCC decreased during 1954–2009, which did not support DTR reduction across China. DTRs under sky conditions such as clear, cloudy and overcast showed nearly the same decreasing rate that completely accounted for the overall DTR reduction. Nevertheless, correlation between SSD and DTR was weak and not significant under clear sky conditions in which aerosol direct radiative effect should be dominant. Furthermore, 30–60% of DTR reduction was associated with DTR decrease under overcast conditions in south China. This implies that aerosol direct radiative effect appears not to be one of the main factors determining long-term changes in DTR in China.

scholarly journals Contrails, Natural Clouds, and Diurnal Temperature Range

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 5061-5075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Dietmüller ◽  
Michael Ponater ◽  
Robert Sausen ◽  
Klaus-Peter Hoinka ◽  
Susanne Pechtl
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Diurnal Temperature Range ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diurnal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Radiative Impact

Abstract The direct impact of aircraft condensation trails (contrails) on surface temperature in regions of high aircraft density has been a matter of recent debate in climate research. Based on data analysis for the 3-day aviation grounding period over the United States, following the terrorists’ attack of 11 September 2001, a strong effect of contrails reducing the surface diurnal temperature range (DTR) has been suggested. Simulations with the global climate model ECHAM4 (including a contrail parameterization) and long-term time series of observation-based data are used for an independent cross check with longer data records, which allow statistically more reliable conclusions. The climate model underestimates the overall magnitude of the DTR compared to 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) data and station data, but it captures most features of the DTR global distribution and the correlation between DTR and either cloud amount or cloud forcing. The diurnal cycle of contrail radiative impact is also qualitatively consistent with expectations, both at the surface and at the top of the atmosphere. Nevertheless, there is no DTR response to contrails in a simulation that inhibits a global radiative forcing considerably exceeding the upper limit of contrail radiative impact according to current assessments. Long-term trends of DTR, the level of natural DTR variability, and the specific effect of high clouds on DTR are also analyzed. In both ECHAM4 and ERA-40 data, the correlation of cloud coverage or cloud radiative forcing with the DTR is mainly apparent for low clouds. None of the results herein indicates a significant impact of contrails on reducing the DTR. Hence, it is concluded that the respective hypothesis as derived from the 3-day aviation-free period over the United States lacks the required statistical backing.

scholarly journals Changes of diurnal temperature range over East Asia from 1901 to 2018 and its relationship with precipitation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiubao Sun ◽  
Chunzai Wang ◽  
Guoyu Ren
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Diurnal Temperature Range ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Diurnal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Since the 1950s, the East Asian diurnal temperature range (DTR) defined as the difference between the daily maximum (Tmax) and minimum temperatures (Tmin) has gradually decreased. Precipitation changes have often been cited as a primary cause of the change. However, the East Asian DTR change before 1950 and its relationship with precipitation remain unclear. Here, we mainly use a newly developed China Meteorological Administration-Land Surface Air Temperature dataset v1.1 to examine the climatological patterns and long-term trends of the DTR in East Asia from 1901 to 2018, and its relationship with precipitation. 1951–2018 mean annual DTR averaged over East Asia is approximately 10.0°C. East Asian DTR changes during 1901–2018 show two distinct characteristics. First, the DTR decrease significantly by about 0.60 ℃ during 1901–2018, and the decrease rate in the second half of the 20th century (by ~ 0.53 ℃) is significantly larger than that over the rest of the Northern Hemisphere and the global land due to rapid urbanization over East Asia. Second, before the 1950s, the DTR in East Asia shows a significant non-linear increase, while there are substantial differences in different latitude zones. The middle and high latitudes show the fluctuating rise and decline, respectively. Additionally, we find that the spatial pattern of long-term DTR change shows a significant negative correlation with mean precipitation patterns except in arid and semi-arid areas during 1901–2018. Besides, the decreasing trend of DTR is gradually become smaller from arid regions to humid regions during 1901–2018, mainly due to the difference between Tmax and Tmin warming rate is gradually become smaller.

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