scholarly journals Measurements of greenhouse gases and related tracers at Bialystok tall tower station in Poland

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 2587-2637 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Popa ◽  
M. Gloor ◽  
A. C. Manning ◽  
A. Jordan ◽  
U. Schultz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Rate ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Max Planck ◽  
Seasonal And Diurnal Variations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tall Tower

Abstract. Quasi-continuous, in-situ measurements of atmospheric CO2, O2/N2, CH4, CO, N2O, and SF6 have been performed since August 2005 at the tall tower station near Bialystok, in Eastern Poland, from five heights up to 300 m. Besides the in-situ measurements, flask samples are filled approximately weekly and measured at Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry for the same species and, in addition, for H2, Ar/N2 and the stable isotopes 13C and 18O in CO2. The in-situ measurement system was build based on commercially available analysers: a LiCor 7000 for CO2, a Sable Systems "Oxzilla" FC-2 for O2, and an Agilent 6890 gas chromatograph for CH4, CO, N2O and SF6. The system was optimized to run continuously with very little maintenance and to fulfill the precision requirements of the CHIOTTO project. The O2 measurements in particular required special attention in terms of technical setup and quality assurance. The evaluation of the performance after more than three years of operation gave overall satisfactory results, proving that this setup is suitable for long term remote operation with little maintenance. The precision achieved for all species is within or close to the project requirements. The comparison between the in-situ and flask sample results, used to verify the accuracy of the in-situ measurements, showed no significant difference for CO2, O2/N2, CH4 and N2O, and a very small difference for SF6. The same comparison however revealed a statistically significant difference for CO, of about 6.5 ppb, for which the cause could not be fully explained at the moment. From more than three years of data, the main features at Bialystok have been characterized in terms of variability, trends, and seasonal and diurnal variations. CO2 and O2/N2 show large short term variability, and large diurnal signals during the warm seasons, which attenuate with the increase of sampling height. The trends calculated from this dataset, over the period August 2005 to December 2008, are 2.02±0.46 ppm/year for CO2 and −23.2±2.5 per meg/year for O2/N2. CH4, CO and N2O show also higher variability at the lower sampling levels, which in the case of CO is strongly seasonal. Diurnal variations in CH4, CO and N2O mole fractions can be observed during the warm season, due to the periodicity of vertical mixing combined with the diurnal cycle of anthropogenic emissions. We calculated increase rates of 10.1±4.4 ppb/year for CH4, (−8.3)±5.3 ppb/year for CO and 0.67±0.08 ppb/year for N2O. SF6 shows only few events, and generally no vertical gradients, which suggests that there are no significant local sources. A weak SF6 seasonal cycle has been detected, which most probably is due to the seasonality of atmospheric circulation. SF6 increased during the time of our measurement at an average rate of 0.29±0.01 ppt/year.

scholarly journals Measurements of greenhouse gases and related tracers at Bialystok tall tower station in Poland

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Popa ◽  
M. Gloor ◽  
A. C. Manning ◽  
A. Jordan ◽  
U. Schultz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Rate ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Max Planck ◽  
Seasonal And Diurnal Variations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tall Tower

Abstract. Quasi-continuous, in-situ measurements of atmospheric CO2, O2/N2, CH4, CO, N2O, and SF6 have been performed since August 2005 at the tall tower station near Bialystok, in Eastern Poland, from five heights up to 300 m. Besides the in-situ measurements, flask samples are filled approximately weekly and measured at Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry for the same species and, in addition, for H2, Ar/N2 and the stable isotopes 13C and 18O in CO2. The in-situ measurement system was built based on commercially available analysers: a LiCor 7000 for CO2, a Sable Systems "Oxzilla" FC-2 for O2, and an Agilent 6890 gas chromatograph for CH4, CO, N2O and SF6. The system was optimized to run continuously with very little maintenance and to fulfill the precision requirements of the CHIOTTO project. The O2/N2 measurements in particular required special attention in terms of technical setup and quality assurance. The evaluation of the performance after more than three years of operation gave overall satisfactory results, proving that this setup is suitable for long term remote operation with little maintenance. The precision achieved for all species is within or close to the project requirements. The comparison between the in-situ and flask sample results, used to verify the accuracy of the in-situ measurements, showed no significant difference for CO2, O2/N2, CH4 and N2O, and a very small difference for SF6. The same comparison however revealed a statistically significant difference for CO, of about 6.5 ppb, for which the cause could not be fully explained. From more than three years of data, the main features at Bialystok have been characterized in terms of variability, trends, and seasonal and diurnal variations. CO2 and O2/N2 show large short term variability, and large diurnal signals during the warm seasons, which attenuate with the increase of sampling height. The trends calculated from this dataset, over the period August 2005 to December 2008, are 2.02±0.46 ppm/year for CO2 and −23.2±2.5 per meg/year for O2/N2. CH4, CO and N2O show also higher variability at the lower sampling levels, which in the case of CO is strongly seasonal. Diurnal variations in CH4, CO and N2O mole fractions can be observed during the warm season, due to the periodicity of vertical mixing combined with the diurnal cycle of anthropogenic emissions. We calculated increase rates of 10.1±4.4 ppb/year for CH4, (−8.3)±5.3 ppb/year for CO and 0.67±0.08 ppb/year for N2O. SF6 shows only few events, and generally no vertical gradients, which suggests that there are no significant local sources. A weak SF6 seasonal cycle has been detected, which most probably is due to the seasonality of atmospheric circulation. SF6 increased during the time of our measurement at an average rate of 0.29±0.01 ppt/year.

Studying seasonal and daily variability of surface ozone

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 122-135
Author(s):  
D.V. Borisov ◽  
◽  
I.Yu. Shalygina ◽  
E.A. Lezina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Seasonal And Diurnal Variations ◽  
Urban Monitoring ◽  
Daily Variability ◽  
Environment Agency

The results of the comparison of seasonal and daily variability of surface ozone (О3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at urban monitoring stations in Moscow (Mosekomonitoring), Berlin, and Warsaw (European Environment Agency) for 2017-2018 are presented. Observational data indicate a leading role of vertical mixing in the atmospheric boundary layer in the formation of seasonal and daily regimes of surface ozone. Both seasonal and diurnal variations in О3 and NO2 are in good agreement at all stations. In the warm season, the anthropogenic factor becomes a key one for the formation of the daily maximum and increased levels of surface ozone under favorable meteorological conditions for active photochemical processes. The frequency of occurrence of high ozone values is determined, and an episode of atmospheric ozone values dangerous for public health is analyzed. Keywords: meteorological conditions, surface ozone, seasonal variation, diurnal variation, episodes of high ozone values Tab. 1. Fig. 3. Ref. 19.

scholarly journals Sesquiterpenes identified as key species for atmospheric chemistry in boreal forest by terpenoid and OVOC measurements

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Hellén ◽  
Arnaud P. Praplan ◽  
Toni Tykkä ◽  
Ilona Ylivinkka ◽  
Ville Vakkari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Seasonal And Diurnal Variations ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Volatile Organic Acids

Abstract. Concentrations of terpenoids (isoprene, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes) and oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs, i.e. aldehydes, alcohols, acetates and volatile organic acids) were investigated during two years at a boreal forest site in Hyytiälä, Finland, using in situ gas chromatograph-mass spectrometers (GC-MS). Seasonal and diurnal variations of terpenoid and OVOC concentrations as well as their relationship with meteorological factors were studied. Of the studied VOCs, C2-C7 unbranched volatile organic acids (VOAs) were found to have the highest concentrations mainly due to their low reactivity. Of the terpenoids, monoterpenes (MTs) had highest concentrations at the site, but also 7 different highly reactive sesquiterpenes (SQTs) were detected. Monthly and daily mean concentrations of most terpenoids, aldehydes and VOAs were found to be highly dependent on the temperature. Highest exponential correlation with temperature was found for a SQT (β-caryophyllene) in summer. The diurnal variations of the concentrations could be explained by sources, sinks and vertical mixing. Especially the diurnal variations of MT concentrations were strongly affected by vertical mixing. Based on the temperature correlations and mixing layer height simple proxies were developed for estimating MT and SQT concentrations. To estimate the importance of different compound groups and compounds for the local atmospheric chemistry, reactivity with main oxidants (OH, NO3 and O3) and production rates of oxidation products (OxPR) were calculated. MTs dominated OH and NO3 radical chemistry, but SQTs had a major impact on ozone chemistry, even though concentrations of SQT were 30 times lower than MT concentrations. SQTs were the most important also for the production of oxidation products. Since SQTs have high secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields, results clearly indicate the importance of SQTs for local SOA production.

scholarly journals Continuous CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub>/CO measurements (2012-2014) at Beromünster tall tower station in Switzerland

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Satar ◽  
T. A. Berhanu ◽  
D. Brunner ◽  
S. Henne ◽  
M. Leuenberger
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Seasonal And Diurnal Variations ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
Storage Flux

Abstract. The understanding of the continental carbon budget is essential to predict future climate change. In order to quantify CO2 and CH4 fluxes at the regional scale, a measurement system was installed at the former radio tower in Beromünster as a part of the Swiss greenhouse gas monitoring network (CarboCount CH). We have been measuring the mixing ratios of CO2, CH4 and CO on this tower with sample inlets at 12.5, 44.6, 71.5, 131.6 and 212.5 m above ground level using a cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) analyzer. The first two-year (December 2012-December 2014) continuous atmospheric record was analyzed for seasonal and diurnal variations and inter-species correlations. In addition, storage fluxes were calculated from the hourly profiles along the tower. The atmospheric growth rates from 2013 to 2014 determined from this two-year dataset were 1.78 ppm yr-1, 9.66 ppb yr-1 and -1.27 ppb yr-1 for CO2, CH4 and CO, respectively. After detrending, clear seasonal cycles were detected for CO2 and CO, whereas CH4 showed a stable baseline suggesting a net balance between sources and sinks over the course of the year. CO and CO2 were strongly correlated (r2 > 0.75) in winter (DJF), but almost uncorrelated in summer. In winter, anthropogenic emissions dominate the biospheric CO2 fluxes and the variations in mixing ratios are large due to reduced vertical mixing. The diurnal variations of all species showed distinct cycles in spring and summer, with the lo west sampling level showing the most pronounced diurnal amplitudes. The storage flux estimates exhibited reasonable diurnal shapes for CO2, but underestimated the strength of the surface sinks during daytime. This seems plausible, keeping in mind that we were only able to calculate the storage fluxes along the profile of the tower but not the flux into or out of this profile, since no Eddy covariance flux measurements were taken at the top of the tower.

scholarly journals Estimation of the fossil-fuel component in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> based on radiocarbon measurements at the Beromünster tall tower, Switzerland

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfaye A. Berhanu ◽  
Sonke Szidat ◽  
Dominik Brunner ◽  
Ece Satar ◽  
Rudiger Schanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Fuel Component ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Tall Tower ◽  
Emission Ratios

Abstract. Fossil fuel CO2 (CO2ff) is the major contributor of anthropogenic CO2 in the atmosphere, and accurate quantification is essential to better understand the carbon cycle. Since October 2012, we have been continuously measuring the mixing ratios of CO, CO2, CH4 and H2O at five different heights at the Beromünster tall tower, Switzerland. Air samples for radiocarbon (Δ14CO2) analysis have also been collected from the 212.5 m sampling inlet of the tower on a bi-weekly basis. A correction was applied for 14CO2 emissions from nearby nuclear power plants (NPPs), which have been simulated with the Lagrangian transport model FLEXPART-COSMO. The 14CO2 emissions from NPPs offset the depletion in 14C by fossil-fuel emissions resulting in an underestimation of the fossil-fuel component in atmospheric CO2 by about 16 %. An average observed ratio (RCO) of 13.4 ± 1.3 mmol/mol was calculated from the enhancements in CO mixing ratios relative to the clean air reference site Jungfraujoch (ΔCO) and the radiocarbon-based fossil-fuel CO2 mole fractions. This ratio is significantly higher than both the mean anthropogenic CO/CO2 emission ratios estimated for Switzerland from the national inventory (7.8 mmol/mol for 2013), and the ratio between in-situ measured CO and CO2 enhancements at Beromünster over the Jungfraujoch background (8.3 mmol/mol). Differences could not yet be assigned to specific processes and shortcomings of these two methods but may originate from locally variable emission ratios as well as from non-fossil emissions and biospheric contributions. By combining the ratio derived using the radiocarbon measurements and the in-situ measured CO mixing ratios, a high-resolution time series of CO2ff was calculated exhibiting a clear seasonality driven by seasonal variability in emissions and vertical mixing. By subtracting the fossil-fuel component and the large-scale background, we have determined the regional biospheric CO2 component that is characterized by seasonal variations ranging between −15 to +30 ppm. A pronounced diurnal variation was observed during summer modulated by biospheric exchange and vertical mixing while no consistent pattern was found during winter.

scholarly journals In Situ Measurements on Vertical Mixing in the Ariake Bay in Winter

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonori SAITA ◽  
Shinichiro YANO ◽  
Akira TAI ◽  
Shinsuke SHIKI ◽  
Shinichi SHIGETA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Ariake Bay

scholarly journals Anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> flux constraints in the Tokyo Bay Area from Lagrangian diffusive backward trajectories and high resolution in situ measurements

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 10623-10649
Author(s):  
I. Pisso ◽  
P. Patra ◽  
M. Takigawa ◽  
T. Machida ◽  
H. Matsueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
A Priori ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Tokyo Bay ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Tall Tower

Abstract. In order to use high resolution in-situ measurements to constrain regional emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), we use a Lagrangian methodology based on diffusive backward trajectory tracer reconstructions. We use aircraft, tall tower and ground sites for CO2 data collected nearby the CO2 emission hot spot of the Tokyo Bay Area during the CONTRAIL campaign, from the MRI/JMA Tsukuba tall tower and from the World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases (WDCGG). We calculated Bayesian inversions based on EDGAR 4 and CDIAC a priori fluxes. Estimated fluxes for the Tokyo Bay Area for the analyzed period between 2005 and 2009 range between 4.80×10−7 and 3.45×10−6 kgCO2 m2 s−1 with significant time variations. Significant differences in retrieved fluxes of up to 21% were found when CONTRAIL measurements were added to the dataset. No significant trend was found in the time series of spatially averaged retrieved fluxes.

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