scholarly journals Effects of mowing on N<sub>2</sub>O emission from a temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia, Northern China

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 19219-19243
Author(s):  
L. Zhang ◽  
Q. Wang ◽  
H. J. Laanbroek ◽  
C. Wang ◽  
D. Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
N2o Fluxes

Abstract. Grazing and mowing are two common practices for grassland management. Mowing is now recommended as an alternative to traditional grazing for grassland conservation in Inner Mongolia, northern China. Many studies have revealed that both mowing and grazing may alter ecosystem properties in various ways. However, little attention has been paid to the effect of mowing on trace gas emissions, especially on N2O flux. In this study, we conducted an experiment to investigate the effects of mowing on N2O fluxes from a semiarid grassland in Inner Mongolia. The mowing experiment, which started in 2003, comprised four mowing intensity treatments, i.e. mowing heights at 2, 5, 10 and 15 cm above the soil surface, respectively, and a control of non-mowing, with five replicates. Gas fluxes were measured through a closed static chamber technique during the growing seasons (usually from May to September, depending on local climate at the time) of 2008 and 2009, respectively. Our results showed that mowing decreased N2O emissions, above-ground biomass and total litter production. N2O emissions were greater in May and June than in other sampling periods, regardless of treatments. A co-relationship analysis suggested that variations in seasonal N2O fluxes were mainly driven by variations in soil moisture and microbial biomass nitrogen, except in July and August. In July and August, above-ground plant biomass and soil total nitrogen became the major drivers of N2O fluxes under the soil temperatures between 16 °C and 18 °C. Overall, our study indicated that the introduction of mowing as a management practice might decrease N2O emissions in grasslands, and both mowing height and soil properties affected the magnitude of the reduction. Our findings imply that grasslands, along with proper management practices, can be a N2O sink mitigating the rise of N2O in the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Water regime affects soil N2O emission and tomato yield grown under different types of fertilisers

2017 ◽  
pp. 74-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Vitale ◽  
Anna Tedeschi ◽  
Franca Polimeno ◽  
Lucia Ottaiano ◽  
Giuseppe Maglione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Mineral Fertiliser ◽  
N2o Fluxes ◽  
Reduced Water

Tomato plants were subjected to three fertilisation treatments (M: mineral fertiliser; DMPP: mineral fertiliser + 3,4- dimethylpyrazole phosphate; OM: NKP + organic animal manure) in combination with two water regimes (100% and 50% evapotranspiration). Plant biomass, fruit production, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and N uptake, maximal PSII photochemical efficiency, Fv/Fm and cumulative soil N2O emission were determined. Well-watered OM plants showed higher values of biomass, fruit production, NUE and N uptake than M and DMPP plants; cumulative N2O fluxes were lower in DMPP plots than in M and OM plots. The reduced water supply determined a drop in crop biomass, fruit production, NUE and N uptake, and cumulative N2O fluxes in M and OM treatments that were higher in OM plots, whereas it determined a significant rise in cumulative N2O fluxes in DMPP plots that was lower in absolute term compared to M and OM plots recorded under well-water irrigation. It can be concluded that DMPP added-fertiliser has a good performance in semiarid environment resulting a better nitrogen source compared to conventional and organo-mineral fertilisers under reduced water supply, able to preserve crop yield and to determine soil N2O emissions (as expressed in CO2 eq) not dangerous for global environment.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrification Inhibitors on N2O Emissions after Cattle Slurry Application

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Herr ◽  
Thomas Mannheim ◽  
Torsten Müller ◽  
Reiner Ruser
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
N2o Fluxes

Cattle slurry injection (INJ) has shown to be an efficient measure to reduce ammonia (NH3) losses from soils but it might also significantly increase nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, which can dominate the total greenhouse gas (GHG) release in silage maize production (Zea mays L.). Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) are known for their potential to mitigate N2O. Therefore, we tested the effect of NIs added to cattle slurry before INJ on N2O fluxes from a Haplic Luvisol under silage maize in southwest Germany. We determined N2O fluxes at least weekly, with the closed chamber method over two full years. NIs differ in their chemical and physical behavior and we therefore tested a range of commercially available NIs: 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, 3,4-dimethylpyrazol succinic acid, a mixture of both, nitrapyrin, dicyandiamide, and 1,2,4 triazol and 3-methylpyrazol. Although not significant, INJ treatments with NI showed lower mean annual N2O emissions than the INJ treatment without NI in the 1st year. The emission reduction by NI of 46% in the 2nd year was statistically significant. In both years, we did not find any difference in N2O release, crop yield, or nitrogen removal between the different NI treatments. In the 1st year, which was extraordinary dry and warm, emission factors (EFs) for all INJ treatments were 4 to 8-fold higher than default EF from the IPCC. Even in the 2nd year, only three NI treatments reached EFs within the range provided by the IPCC. Direct N2O accounted for between 81 and 91% of the total GHG emission. Area- and yield-related GHG emission of the broadcast application with subsequent incorporation was in both years in the statistical class with lowest emission. In contrast, INJ with NIs showed similar GHG emissions in only one year, and consequently, incorporation was found to be the optimum management practice for livestock farmers in our study region.

scholarly journals Effects of Fencing on Vegetation and Soil Nutrients of the Temperate Steppe Grasslands in Inner Mongolia

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1546
Author(s):  
Shan Cong ◽  
Daowei Zhou ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Yingxin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Temperate Steppe ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Litter Biomass ◽  
Live Biomass

Grazing exclusion has been widely implemented in degraded grassland. However, the changes of plant communities and soil nutrients in response to fencing are still controversial. Thus, the effects of free grazing, 17 and 36 years of fencing on the plant biomass and litter biomass, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and stocks of plant, litter and soil were investigated in the temperate steppe grasslands of northern China. The results indicated that fencing increased the aboveground live biomass and litter biomass. In addition, fencing increased C, N and P stocks of aboveground live biomass, litter biomass and soil. Although root biomass and its nutrient stocks were also significantly increased by 17 years of fencing, they were decreased with fencing extending from 17 to 36 years. Moreover, there were no significant differences in aboveground live biomass and soil N and P stocks between 17 and 36 years of fencing. Litter biomass and its C, N and P stocks were positively correlated with soil C, N and P stocks. Our results demonstrated that 17 years of fencing is an effective way to restore vegetation and soil nutrients in the temperate steppe of Inner Mongolia, but a longer fencing duration has no further positive effects on biomass production and soil nutrients accumulation.

scholarly journals Large Variations in N2O Fluxes from Bioenergy Crops According to Management Practices and Crop Type

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 675
Author(s):  
Fabien Ferchaud ◽  
Céline Peyrard ◽  
Joël Léonard ◽  
Eric Gréhan ◽  
Bruno Mary
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Crop Types ◽  
N2o Fluxes ◽  
Temperature Water

Field N2O emissions are a key point in the evaluation of the greenhouse gas benefits of bioenergy crops. The aim of this study was to investigate N2O fluxes from perennial (miscanthus and switchgrass), semi-perennial (fescue and alfalfa) and annual (sorghum and triticale) bioenergy crops and to analyze the effect of the management of perennials (nitrogen fertilization and/or harvest date). Daily N2O emissions were measured quasi-continuously during at least two years in a long-term experiment, using automated chambers, with 2–5 treatments monitored simultaneously. Cumulative N2O emissions from perennials were strongly affected by management practices: fertilized miscanthus harvested early and unfertilized miscanthus harvested late had systematically much lower emissions than fertilized miscanthus harvested late (50, 160 and 1470 g N2O-N ha−1 year−1, respectively). Fertilized perennials often had similar or higher cumulative emissions than semi-perennial or annual crops. Fluxes from perennial and semi-perennial crops were characterized by long periods with low emissions interspersed with short periods with high emissions. Temperature, water-filled pore space and soil nitrates affected daily emissions but their influence varied between crop types. This study shows the complex interaction between crop type, crop management and climate, which results in large variations in N2O fluxes for a given site.

Spatial variation of nitrous oxide fluxes during growing and non-growing seasons at a location subjected to seasonally frozen soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Vitor Ferrari Machado ◽  
Richard E Farrell ◽  
C. Wagner-Riddle
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
N2o Fluxes ◽  
Conventional Ct ◽  
Seasonally Frozen Soils

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soils have been widely studied in the literature–mostly with the chamber method–due to the importance of this gas to climate change. Emissions of N2O derive from biological reactions and are controlled by soil parameters, which are by nature heterogeneous (i.e., “hot spots” for N2O emissions)–a source of uncertainty in chamber-based studies. Spatial variation in N2O fluxes has been assessed in the literature, but information is still needed for contrasting soil management practices (e.g., tillage) and for specific bioclimatic situations (e.g., non-growing seasons under cold weather–NGS). Here, we sub-sampled daily N2O data to assess within-plot and between-block spatial variation from an agronomic experiment under conventional (CT) and no-tillage (NT), identifying if patterns differ between growing season (GS) and NGS datasets. Within-plot spatial variation in N2O fluxes was a small source of uncertainties, but half of the comparisons in GS datasets presented a slope different from 1 for the regression of N2O averages from two vs. one chamber per plot–a source of uncertainty mitigated when within-plot duplication occurred during N2O “hot moments”. Between-block spatial variation in N2O emissions was much larger than within-plot errors–an effect more accentuated for NGS and CT than GS and NT datasets. Decreasing the number of sampled blocks resulted in averages that did not represent the N2O daily average of the whole field – but exceptions occurred. The methodology proposed here may be used in other locations, after appropriate verification, for improved planning and maximization of the resources associated with N2O measurements.

scholarly journals Dynamics of nitrogen and active nitrogen components across seasons under varying stand densities in a Larix principis-rupprechtii (Pinaceae) plantation

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyong Ma ◽  
Hairong Han ◽  
Wenwen Zhang ◽  
Xiaoqin Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Environmental Indices ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Tree Stem ◽  
N Pool

Changes in the concentration of soil nitrogen (N) or its components may directly affect ecosystem functioning in forestry. Thinning of forest stands, a widely used forestry management practice, may transform soil nutrients directly by altering the soil environment, or indirectly by changing above- or belowground plant biomass. The study objectives were to determine how tree stem density affects the soil N pool and what mechanisms drive any potential changes. In this study, N and its active components were measured in the soil of a Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation across two full growing seasons, in 12 (25 × 25 m) plots: (low thinning, removal of 15% of the trees, three plot repetitions), moderate thinning (MT) (35% removal) and heavy thinning (HT) (50% removal) and no thinning control. Environmental indices, like the light condition, soil respiration, soil temperatures, and prescription, were measured in the plots also. Results indicated that soil total nitrogen (STN) was affected by tree stem density adjustments in the short-term; STN generally increased with decreasing tree stem density, reaching its highest concentration in the MT treatment before decreasing in HT. This pattern was echoed by the DON/STN ratio dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) under MT. A lower DON/STN was measured across the seasons. Microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and the SOC/STN (soil organic carbon (SOC)) ratio and density treatments influenced MBN concentration and inhibited SOC/STN. MT tended to accumulate more STN, produce lower DON/STN and had a generally higher microbial activity, which may be partly ascribed to the higher MBN value, MBN/STN ratio and lower DON/STN. The water conditions (soil moisture), light and soil temperatures could partly be responsible for the N pool dynamic in the different density treatments.

Talented Employees in Russian and Foreign Companies

2013 ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Latukha ◽  
T. Tsukanova
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Talent Management ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Practice Development

The study investigates talent management practices in Russian and foreign companies. The inquiry of Russian and foreign companies (working in Russia) showed that perceived and dedicated talent management practices contribute to better companies performance. The study results can be used in talent management practice development.

scholarly journals Effects of Organic Fertilizers on the Soil Microorganisms Responsible for N2O Emissions: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 983
Author(s):  
Cristina Lazcano ◽  
Xia Zhu-Barker ◽  
Charlotte Decock
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Best Management ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Denitrifying Microorganisms

The use of organic fertilizers constitutes a sustainable strategy to recycle nutrients, increase soil carbon (C) stocks and mitigate climate change. Yet, this depends largely on balance between soil C sequestration and the emissions of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Organic fertilizers strongly influence the microbial processes leading to the release of N2O. The magnitude and pattern of N2O emissions are different from the emissions observed from inorganic fertilizers and difficult to predict, which hinders developing best management practices specific to organic fertilizers. Currently, we lack a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of OFs on the function and structure of the N cycling microbial communities. Focusing on animal manures, here we provide an overview of the effects of these organic fertilizers on the community structure and function of nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms in upland soils. Unprocessed manure with high moisture, high available nitrogen (N) and C content can shift the structure of the microbial community, increasing the abundance and activity of nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms. Processed manure, such as digestate, compost, vermicompost and biochar, can also stimulate nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms, although the effects on the soil microbial community structure are different, and N2O emissions are comparatively lower than raw manure. We propose a framework of best management practices to minimize the negative environmental impacts of organic fertilizers and maximize their benefits in improving soil health and sustaining food production systems. Long-term application of composted manure and the buildup of soil C stocks may contribute to N retention as microbial or stabilized organic N in the soil while increasing the abundance of denitrifying microorganisms and thus reduce the emissions of N2O by favoring the completion of denitrification to produce dinitrogen gas. Future research using multi-omics approaches can be used to establish key biochemical pathways and microbial taxa responsible for N2O production under organic fertilization.

scholarly journals Bacterial Succession Pattern during the Fermentation Process in Whole-Plant Corn Silage Processed in Different Geographical Areas of Northern China

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 900
Author(s):  
Chao Wang ◽  
Hongyan Han ◽  
Lin Sun ◽  
Na Na ◽  
Haiwen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Bacterial Succession ◽  
Fermentation Quality

Whole-plant corn silage is a predominant forage for livestock that is processed in Heilongjiang province (Daqing city and Longjiang county), Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Helin county and Tumet Left Banner) and Shanxi province (Taigu and Shanyin counties) of North China; it was sampled at 0, 5, 14, 45 and 90 days after ensiling. Bacterial community and fermentation quality were analysed. During fermentation, the pH was reduced to below 4.0, lactic acid increased to above 73 g/kg DM (p < 0.05) and Lactobacillus dominated the bacterial community and had a reducing abundance after 14 days. In the final silages, butyric acid was not detected, and the contents of acetic acid and ammonia nitrogen were below 35 g/kg DM and 100 g/kg total nitrogen, respectively. Compared with silages from Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia, silages from Shanxi contained less Lactobacillus and more Leuconostoc (p < 0.05), and had a separating bacterial community from 14 to 90 days. Lactobacillus was negatively correlated with pH in all the silages (p < 0.05), and positively correlated with lactic and acetic acid in silages from Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia (p < 0.05). The results show that the final silages had satisfactory fermentation quality. During the ensilage process, silages from Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia had similar bacterial-succession patterns; the activity of Lactobacillus formed and maintained good fermentation quality in whole-plant corn silage.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document